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21 results for “Turdus merula”
Fig. 2 in Variation In Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Nest Characteristics In Urban And Suburban Localities In Crimea
Fig. 2. The differences in external depth between Blackbird nests in the park (N = 15) and forest (N = 10)
Fig. 4 in Variation In Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Nest Characteristics In Urban And Suburban Localities In Crimea
Fig. 4. Number of component types in each nest layer: A — Outer layer, B — Medium layer, C — inner layer. Conclusion
Fig. 3 in Variation In Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Nest Characteristics In Urban And Suburban Localities In Crimea
Fig. 3. The differences in external depth between Blackbird nest in tree (N = 12) and shrubs (N = 15).
Fig. 1 in The Expansion Of The Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 1. The southern boundary of the Blackbird habitat in the steppe zone of the Right-bank and Left-bank Ukraine and the northern one in the steppe zone of the Crimean peninsula: black circles are artificial tree plantations and light ones are natural forests.
Fig. 1 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 1. Necropsy of Turdus merula, female. Gross lesions are represented by heavy parasite colonization of coelomic cavity. A. Many trematodes are clearly seen on different serosal membranes. Note the presence of parasites on the liver serosa, air sacs and pericardium (arrow). B. After removal of all the organs of the gastroenteric apparatus, an involvement of kidney and lungs serosa is also evident. Note the presence of an inflammatory focus with exudate at the periphery of the left lung (arrowhead).
Fig. 4 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood analyses of sequences of mitochondrial DNA loci of the newly isolated Morishitium polonicum and previously sequenced Cyclocoelidae. (A) CO1, (B) ND1. The bars indicate the number of substitutions per nucleotide.
Data from: Effects of immune status on stopover departure decisions are subordinate to those of condition, cloud cover and tailwind in autumn-migrating common blackbirds (Turdus merula)
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Camera trap image of Turdus merula (2018-03-13T15:07:40Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Camera trap image of Turdus merula (2018-03-11T12:12:59Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Camera trap image of Turdus merula (2018-02-15T13:01:50Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Figure 2 in The nest-site characteristics of the forest population of common blackbird (Turdus merula) in Eskişehir, Turkey
Figure 2. The dispersion of Nh, TW, and Nx ratios on a 3-dimensional (x–y–z) plane.
Figure 1 in The nest-site characteristics of the forest population of common blackbird (Turdus merula) in Eskişehir, Turkey
Figure 1. Nest-site characteristics diagram.
Data from: Factors associated with leucism in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
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Data from: Survival costs of within‐ and between‐season mate change in the European Blackbird (Turdus merula)
Many studies of socially monogamous birds discuss the adaptive role of between-season partner change, but only a handful of them refer to the benefits of pair fidelity in terms of increased survival. Moreover, there are no studies describing the benefits of within-season mate retention. Our data relating to an urban population of European Blackbirds (Turdus merula) enabled us to test the dependence of survival on pair faithfulness. Because Blackbirds divorce within and between seasons, we were able to test the influence of pair faithfulness on their within- and between-season survival and mate fidelity. For this purpose, we used a multievent capture-mark-recapture (MECMR) statistical model, which is based on recapture rates and different pair states (faithful to mate, paired with new partner, or dead). Our study indicated that between- and within-season survival depends on pair states: pair-bond duration increases survival to the next capture occasion in both sexes. We found that the pair-bond duration to the current partner increased the chances of being with the same partner during the next breeding occasion, although we failed to find any within-season pair-bond influence for females. Our results showed sex differences in mating at the end of the season: females had a much smaller chance of breeding with the current new partner in the next year. This study has demonstrated that within- and between-season survival is dependent on mate retention, and we discuss this in the context of how searching for a new partner could affect the birds' survival.
Fig. 3 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 3. Morishitium polonicum from the air sacs of Turdus merula. A. Tongue-shaped specimen of M. polonicum. In the posterior part of the body are clearly visible the two large testes and the ovary lying between them. (scale bar = 200 μm). B. Anterior end of M. polonicum showing the eggs inside the uterus. (scale bar = 100 μm). C. Posterior end of M. polonicum showing two globular testes situated obliquely to each other, an intertesticular oval ovary placed in a longitudinal straight line with the testes, two caeca joined posteriorly and two symmetrical vitelline glands not confluent posteriorly. (scale bar = 300 μm). D. The oral sucker, the pharynx, the genital pore of M. polonicum in the anterior end (scale bar = 50 μm).
Fig. 2 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 2. Turdus merula female, histology of different coelomic organs. A. Lower power magnification of an area where flukes are adherent to the liver. The presence of inflammatory infiltrate is observed on the Glissonian capsule (arrow) in the contact area with the parasite. At this magnification a general overview of the parasite is also clear: the cephalic portion (arrow-head), different internal organs and the uterus filled by the ova (asterisk) are appreciated (H&E, scale bar = 0.2 cm). B. Detail of the contact area between the fluke tegument and liver serosa, involved in the inflammatory reaction (arrow). Note the pyogranulomatous exudate represented by large amounts of mononuclear cells with interspersed heterophils in the area of close contact with the parasite (asterisk). Trematode eggs and an internal gland (arrow-head) are also visible (H&E, scale bar = 200 μm). C. Fluke localization on the kidney capsule: note the same inflammatory reaction (arrow) described in the liver, in the areas of more close contact (H&E, scale bar = 2 mm). D. Air sacs inflammation and modification in the site of parasite attachment (arrow). Note the previously described inflammatory infiltrate and the altered lung parenchyma (asterisk) in the area of the affected air sac. The pulmonary parenchyma is congested and collapsed, as observed also at gross examination (H&E, scale bar = 200 μm).
Migrant blackbirds, Turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index
Birds have been observed to have dietary preferences for unsaturated fatty acids during migration. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may increase the exercise performance of migrant birds; however, PUFAs are also peroxidation prone and might therefore incur increased costs in terms of enhanced oxidative damage in migratory individuals. To shed light on this potential constraint, we analysed plasma fatty acid (FA) composition and estimated the unsaturation index as a proxy for susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of migrants and residents of the partially migratory common blackbird (Turdus merula) at a stop-over site during autumn migration. As predicted, migrant birds had higher relative and absolute levels of PUFAs compared to resident birds. This included the strictly dietary ω-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid, suggesting a dietary and/or storage preference for these FAs in migrants. Interestingly, the FA unsaturation index did not differ between migrants and residents. These findings suggest a mechanism where birds alter their levels of metabolic substrate without simultaneously increasing the susceptibility of the substrate to lipid peroxidation. In summary, our results are in line with the hypothesis that increased exercise performance during migration might be constrained by oxidative stress, which is manifested in changes in the composition of key FAs to retain the unsaturation index constant despite the increased levels of peroxidizable PUFAs.
Data from: Survival costs of within‐ and between‐season mate change in the European Blackbird (Turdus merula)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Migrant blackbirds, Turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 1 in Variation In Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Nest Characteristics In Urban And Suburban Localities In Crimea
Fig. 1. The relation between external nest diameter and nest placement height (N = 27).
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OpenNeuro
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