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16 results for “Turnera”
Fig. 3 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 3. Frequency of floral visitors during visits to Turnera subulata Sm. in October, November and December, 2018 and June, 2019 and average number of seeds at each hour interval in November and December 2018 and June 2019 within the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA.
Fig. 1 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 1. Opening and senescence time of the flowers of Turnera subulata Sm. in October, 2018, May and June, 2019 in the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in Pollination of Turnera subulata: exotic or native bees?
Fig. 2. Climatic factors (temperature, light intensity and relative humidity) along the floral longevity, covering the opening and senescence of the flowers of Turnera subulata Sm. in October, 2018, May and June, 2019 within the UEFS campus, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Figure 2 in Nest refuse of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) increases the plant vigor in Turnera subulata (Turneraceae)
Figure 2. Boxplot of attributes evaluated in T. subulata plants after thirty days between two treatments: (a) stem diameter (mm); (b) root length (cm); (c) plant height (cm), (d) the number of leaves, (e) dry aboveground biomass (g) and (f) fresh aboveground biomass (g). Horizontal lines inside each box indicate the median.
Figure 1 in Nest refuse of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) increases the plant vigor in Turnera subulata (Turneraceae)
Figure 1. Detail of the studied species. (a) Turnera subulata in the study area; (b) nest mound of Acromyrmex balzani with a nest refuse pile on the right and the colony entrance, characterized by three small straw holes (left).
Data from: Selection on signal-reward correlation: limits and opportunities to the evolution of deceit in Turnera ulmifolia L.
Because pollinators are unable to directly assess the amount of rewards offered by flowers, they rely on the information provided by advertising floral traits. Thus, having a lower intra-individual correlation between signal and reward (signal accuracy) than other plants in the population provides the opportunity to reduce investment in rewards and cheat pollinators. However, pollinators' cognitive capacities can impose a limit to the evolution of this plant cheating strategy if they can punish those plants with low signal accuracy. In this study we examined the opportunity for cheating in the perennial weed Turnera ulmifolia L. evaluating the selective value of signal accuracy, floral display and reward production in a natural population. We found that plant reproductive success was positively related to signal accuracy and floral display, but not to nectar production. The intensity of selection on floral display was more than three times higher than on signal accuracy. The pattern of selection indicated that pollinators can select for signal accuracy provided by plants, and suggest that learning abilities of pollinators can limit the evolution of deceptive strategies in T. ulmifolia.
FIGURE 3. Turnera spicata. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence showing long-styled flowers. C in Turnera spicata: a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 3. Turnera spicata. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence showing long-styled flowers. C. Detail of inflorescences, showing flowers, floral buds and floral scars. D. Part of a leaf, proximal portion, upper surface, showing pairs of extrafloral nectaries (white arrows) (Photographed by James Lucas Costa-Lima).
FIGURE 1. Turnera spicata. A in Turnera spicata: a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Turnera spicata. A. Part of a reproductive branch. B. Detail of leaf, upper surface, showing the margin with simple microtrichomes and teeth ending in colleters. C. Part of stem showing leaf base and stipule. D. Leaf, proximal portion, upper surface, showing extrafloral nectaries. E. Inflorescence with floral buds and floral scars below. F. Inflorescence with floral scars and persistent stipules. G–H: Bract: G. Upper surface, H. Lower surface. I. Part of a long-style flower, showing the inner face of the floral tube, with detail of sepal apex and two stamens. J. Pistil of a long-style flower, with two bracteoles. K. Fruit with bracteoles. L–M. Seed with aril: L. Rapheal view, M. Lateral view (Drawing from E.J. Lucas 958—RB, by Natanael Nascimento).
FIGURE 2 in First record of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) as introduced in Brazil
FIGURE 2. Current distribution map of native populations of Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia (blue) and T. ulmifolia var. acuta (gray).
FIGURE 1. Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia. A–C in First record of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) as introduced in Brazil
FIGURE 1. Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia. A–C. Flower (A), habit (B) and detail on the flower (C), showing prophylls (red arrows) and styles (black arrow) and stamens (white arrow) of the same length, individuals from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state. D–F. Mature seed, rapheal side (D), lateral side (E) and dorsal side (F), from the J.L. Costa-Lima 2839. z = chalaza (Photographs A, C by Y. Solano; B by F. Iasunaga; D–F by L. Rocha).
Data from: Three's a crowd: trade-offs between attracting pollinators and ant bodyguards with nectar rewards in Turnera
Many plants attract insect pollinators with floral nectar (FN) and ant "bodyguards" with extrafloral nectar (EFN). If nectar production is costly or physiologically linked across glands, investment in one mutualism may trade off with investment in the other. We confirmed that changes in FN and EFN availability alter pollination and ant defense mutualisms in a field population of Turnera ulmifolia. Plants with additional FN tended to produce more seeds, while plants with reduced EFN production experienced less florivory. We then mimicked the consumptive effects of mutualists by removing FN or EFN daily for 50 days in a full factorial design using three Turnera species (T. joelii, T. subulata, and T. ulmifolia) in a glasshouse experiment. For T. ulmifolia and T. subulata, but not T. joelii, removing either nectar reduced production of the other, showing for the first time that EFN and FN production can trade off. In T. subulata, increased investment in FN decreased seed set, suggesting that nectar production can have direct fitness costs. Through the linked expression of EFN and FN, floral visitors may negatively affect biotic defense, and extrafloral nectary visitors may negatively affect pollination.
Data from: Selection on signal-reward correlation: limits and opportunities to the evolution of deceit in Turnera ulmifolia L.
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Data from: Three's a crowd: trade-offs between attracting pollinators and ant bodyguards with nectar rewards in Turnera
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Data from: Genetic differentiation among isolates of Teredinibacter turnerae, a widely occurring intracellular endosymbiont of shipworms
Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable intracellular endosymbiont of xylotrophic (wood-feeding) bivalves of the Family Teredinidae (shipworms). Although T. turnerae has been isolated from many shipworm taxa collected in many locations, no systematic effort has been made to explore genetic diversity within this symbiont species across the taxonomic and geographical range of its hosts. The mode of symbiont transmission is unknown. Here, we examine sequence diversity in fragments of six genes (16S rRNA, gyrB, sseA, recA, rpoB and celAB) among 25 isolates of T. turnerae cultured from 13 shipworm species collected in 15 locations in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. While 16S rRNA sequences are nearly invariant between all examined isolates (maximum pairwise difference <0.26%), variation between examined protein-coding loci is greater (mean pairwise difference 2.2–5.9%). Phylogenetic analyses based on each protein-coding locus differentiate the 25 isolates into two distinct and well-supported clades. With five exceptions, clade assignments for each isolate were supported by analysis of alleles of each of the five protein-coding loci. These exceptions include (i) putative recombinant alleles of the celAB and gyrB loci in two isolates (PMS-535T.S.1b.3 and T8510), suggesting homologous recombination between members of the two clades; and (ii) evidence for a putative lateral gene transfer event affecting a second locus (recA) in three isolates (T8412, T8503 and T8513). These results demonstrate that T. turnerae isolates do not represent a homogeneous global population. Instead, they indicate the emergence of two lineages that, although distinct, likely experience some level of genetic exchange with each other and with other bacterial species.
FIGURE 2 in Turnera spicata: a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Turnera spicata in the Espírito Santo state (ES).
Data from: Genetic differentiation among isolates of Teredinibacter turnerae, a widely occurring intracellular endosymbiont of shipworms
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