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18 results for “UV reflection”
UV reflectance in poison frog
<p>We have identified strong UV reflectance in the white spots of only a single population of the polymorphic/polytypic poison frog species <i>Oophaga sylvatica</i>. As congeners (<i>O. pumilio</i>) are unable to view UV signals, it stands to reason that natural selection, or neutral processes are likely to be responsible for these signals. We employ visual modeling techniques to estimate the perception of these UV signals, and in a series of comparisons we show surprisingly minimal gains in frog contrast due to their addition.</p>
Data from: Dissecting the variation of a visual trait: the proximate basis of UV-Visible reflectance in crab spiders (Thomisidae)
1. The astounding diversity of animal colouration is indicative of a wide variety of selection pressures. Despite great interest in adaptive function, detailed understanding of the constituent elements of colour traits is lacking for many systems. Such information is important in allowing more accurate appraisals of colour variation and its potential production costs. 2. In this study, we 'dissect' the dorsal colour of crab spiders (Thomisidae) to examine the mechanistic basis of a polyphenic colour trait. These spiders possess the ability to alter reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue wavelengths, changing their colour within days. We investigate and compare the proximate mechanistic basis of colour production in multiple phenotypes of three species using histology and spectrophotometry. 3. Our analyses indicate that the spider cuticle is not equivalently transparent to light across the spectrum (300-700 nm) – as previously argued – and contributes to colour variation. UV light is reflected from guanine crystals, present in storage cells ventral to the hypodermis. The crystals are exposed through a partially UV-transmitting hypodermis and cuticle. Variation from white to yellow is likely mediated through pigments/crystals present in different oxidative stages in the hypodermal cells. 4. Simple mechanistic changes are therefore necessary to produce the observed variation, and likely underlie the evolutionary and ontogenetic lability of this trait. Our findings imply that either a UV-reflective abdomen was the ancestral state for crab spiders, or, if pre-dated by UV-absorbent hypodermal pigments, the evolution of UV-reflection has only involved the exposure of underlying guanine crystals through an otherwise clear hypodermis.
UV Reflectance of Spacecraft Materials and Analog Soils: Implications for Bioburden Reductions on the Undersides of Mars Rovers
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The Mars Sample Return mission architecture will utilize three spacecraft to collect, cache, recover, launch, and return to Earth a diversity of regolith and rock samples. However, no comprehensive Mars Microbial Survival (MMS) model currently exists. As an initial effort in building a MMS model, we examined the UV reflectance of 15 spacecraft materials and seven Mars analog soils within the context of the Perseverance mission. Data were used to predict the times required to achieve one lethal dose (syn., Sterility Assurance Level [SAL]; def. as a bioburden reduction of ‒12 logs). Results suggest that a single SAL dosage of UVC was achieved on exposed surfaces on the upper deck of Perseverance within a few hours to a few sols post-landing at Jezero Crater. The overall average for UVC reflectance from spacecraft materials was approx. 10%. The overall UVC reflectance from Mars analog soils was measured at 1.3%. The Adaptive Caching Assembly (ACA) on Perseverance is located on the forward edge of the underbelly of the spacecraft. Modeling of the accumulated UVC dosage for the ACA yielded a prediction of reaching one SAL for downward facing surfaces at 93 sols that receive 'single bounce' UVC photons from the local terrain. The SAL increases to 930 sols, if an additional '<i>bounce</i>' of the solar UV irradiation is required to reach a partially protected site in the ACA hardware. The current study is the first to report on the UVC reflectance from a diversity of spacecraft materials. </p>
Research Data for "Kinetic Analysis of the Self-Discharge of the NiOOH OER Active Phase in KOH Electrolyte: Insights from In-Situ Raman and UV-Vis Reflectance Spectroscopies"
<p>This dataset provides the underlying experimental and simulation raw data supporting the figures of both main text and supporting information of the paper "Kinetic Analysis of the Self-Discharge of the NiOOH OER Active Phase in KOH Electrolyte: Insights from In-Situ Raman and UV-Vis Reflectance Spectroscopies" appearing in <em>Journal of Catalysis</em> under DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115823" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115823</a>.</p>
Data from: Dissecting the variation of a visual trait: the proximate basis of UV-Visible reflectance in crab spiders (Thomisidae)
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Data from: Males in seemingly female-like plumage do not mimic females: UV reflectance reveals temporal cryptic dimorphism in a manakin species exhibiting delayed plumage maturation
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UV reflectance in poison frog
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TOMS Nimbus-7 UV Reflectivity Daily and Monthly Zonal Means V008 (TOMSN7L3zref) at GES DISC
This Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily zonal means data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are averaged in 5 degree latitude bands. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Meteor-3 UV-Reflectivity Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg Lat/Lon Grid V008 (TOMSM3L3dref) at GES DISC
This Meteor-3 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Nimbus-7 UV Reflectivity Monthly L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg Lat/Lon Grid V008 (TOMSN7L3mref) at GES DISC
This Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 monthly averaged global gridded data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Earth Probe UV Reflectivity Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg Lat/Lon Grid V008 (TOMSEPL3dref) at GES DISC
This Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS EP UV Reflectivity Daily and Monthly Zonal Means V008 (TOMSEPL3zref) at GES DISC
This Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily zonal means data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are averaged in 5 degree latitude bands. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Meteor-3 Total Ozone UV-Reflectivity Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg V008 (TOMSM3L3) at GES DISC
The Meteor-3 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains total column ozone, UV aerosol index, Lambertian effective surface reflectivity (Rayleigh corrected), and UV-B erythemal local noon irradiances. The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in the EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS).The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Aerosol Index UV-Reflectivity UV-B Erythemal Irradiances Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg V008 (TOMSN7L3) at GES DISC
The Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains total column ozone, UV aerosol index, Lambertian effective surface reflectivity (Rayleigh corrected), and UV-B erythemal local noon irradiances. The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in the EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS).The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Earth Probe UV Reflectivity Monthly L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg Lat/Lon Grid V008 (TOMSEPL3mref) at GES DISC
This Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 monthly averaged global gridded data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Nimbus-7 UV Reflectivity Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg Lat/Lon Grid V008 (TOMSN7L3dref) at GES DISC
This Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains Lambertian effective surface reflectivity values (Rayleigh corrected). The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in an ASCII format.The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
TOMS Earth-Probe Total Ozone (O3) Aerosol Index UV-Reflectivity UV-B Erythemal Irradiances Daily L3 Global 1 deg x 1.25 deg V008 (TOMSEPL3) at GES DISC
The Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 daily global gridded data product contains total column ozone, UV aerosol index, Lambertian effective surface reflectivity (Rayleigh corrected), and UV-B erythemal local noon irradiances. The data are mapped to a global grid of size 180 x 288 with a lat-long resolution of 1.00 x 1.25 degrees. These data are stored in the EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS).The TOMS data were produced by the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Code 614).
Shuttle SBUV (SSBUV) Level 2 Ozone Profile and Total Column, Aerosol Index, and UV-Reflectivity V008 (SSBUVO3) at GES DISC
The Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) Level-2 Ozone data are available for eight space shuttle missions flown between 1989 and 1996. SSBUV, a successor to the SBUV flown on the Nimbus-7 satellite, is nearly identical to the SBUV/2 instruments flying on the NOAA satellites. Data are available in the ASCII AMES text format. Ozone profiles of the upper atmosphere and total column ozone values are available for the following time periods: Flight #1: 1989 October 19, 20, 21. Flight #2: 1990 October 7, 8, 9. Flight #3: 1991 August 3, 4, 5, 6. Flight #4: 1992 March 29, 31. Flight #5: 1993 April 9, 11, 13, 15, 16. Flight #6: 1994 March 14, 15, 17. Flight #7: 1994 November 5, 7, 10, 13. Flight #8: 1996 January 12, 16, 18. SSBUV measures spectral ultraviolet radiances backscattered by the earth's atmosphere. For the ozone measurements the instrument steps over wavelengths between 252.2 and 339.99 nm while viewing the earth in the nadir position (50 km x 50 km footprint at nadir) at 19 pressure levels between 0.3 mb and 100 mb.
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