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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2019View details →

Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum

Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day.

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Data from: Active regulation of ultraviolet light exposure overrides thermal preference behaviour in eastern fence lizards

1. Over a century of ecophysiological studies on lizards have perpetuated the assumption that basking and shuttling movements between sun and shade function solely for temperature regulation. However, these behaviors also modulate exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis as well as ensuring proper growth and development and enhancing long-term fitness. 2. An alternative hypothesis is that lizards also actively regulate their UV exposure. In this scenario, UV needs may even override temperature needs (or vice versa), generating asymmetries in the ability of a lizard to regulate both conditions equally. We test this hypothesis using field and laboratory data collected on adult Sceloporus undulatus. 3. We found that S. undulatus actively regulate UV exposure and prioritize UV over temperature, favoring body temperatures much higher than preferred values to sustain preferred UV exposure. In stark contrast, temperature had no reciprocal impact on UV regulation behavior. Our field data support these patterns, suggesting that lizards may even seek out hotter environments despite thermal costs to enhance UV exposure. 4. We conclude that S. undulatus actively regulate for UV as well as temperature. Unfortunately, outside of zoos and private hobbyists, appreciation of the importance of UV for ectotherm survival and reproductive success has been minimal. Addressing this deficit will therefore be vital to improve our understanding of the factors shaping the evolution of ectotherm photoregulation behavior in nature.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Figure 2 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 2: Photographs of a prototype LED array lamp. A. Frontal view showing diode array. B. Side view showing lamp housing. Ventilation holes were cut out of the top and bottom walls of the housing, and a small cooling fan was mounted on the bottom surface. Battery power is supplied by the BNC connection on the back. C. Side-by-side comparison of LED and BLB tube lamp housings, showing the substantially reduced profile of the solid-state lamp. Ruler scale: 12 inches.

Figure 4 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 4: Excitation spectrum of a blacklight tube and fluorescence spectrum of the scorpion cuticle. The data were recorded with a scanning spectrometer during blacklight illumination of Hadrurus obscurus (Iuridae). The broad peak below 400 nm and the discrete Hg lines correspond to the tube emission (F6T5/BLB, Sylvania), and the broad peak in the visible region (450-550 nm) corresponds to the blue-green fluorescence of the scorpion. This visible peak disappeared when the scorpion was removed and only light from the BLB tube was scanned. Identically shaped 450- 550 nm fluorescence spectra were obtained from Paruroctonus silvestrii and Paruroctonus becki (Vaejovidae), which suggests that the chemistry of fluorescence is conserved across different scorpion families. We therefore expect that UV detection results presented here will be applicable to a wide variety of scorpion taxa. We did not record the UV LED spectrum. Typical published spectra for these devices peak sharply at the rated wavelength of 395 nm, with 50% peak widths of only about 20 nm.

Figure 3 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 3: Comparison of scorpion fluorescence excited by different light sources. The pair of CCD camera images show a Vaejovis confusus illuminated by (A) a fluorescent lamp equipped with two 15 W BLB tubes (2.3 A current), and (B) a 168-diode UV LED array (1.8 A current). The scorpion fluorescence in (B) was attenuated 10.5-fold by a neutral density filter to prevent CCD saturation, so it appears equally bright in this picture. Scale bar: 15 mm.

Figure 1 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of the prototype LED array. The array has a scalable architecture, here with N = 56 parallel branches. Each branch includes three LEDs in series with a single current-limiting resistor (Rs = 39 Ω). Typical forward voltage drop measured across one diode was 3.4 V, giving a total diode drop of 10.2 V in each branch. During operation, voltage across the 12 V battery terminals was Vb = 11.5 V, so the current in each branch was (11.5-10.2)/39 A ~ 33 mA. This kept the current near the maximum rating of 30 mA specified by the manufacturer for 100,000 h lifetime. Each resistor dissipates ~ 1.3 V × 33 mA = 43 mW; the 3 diodes in a branch dissipate 3 × 3.4 × 33 mA = 337 mW. By using 3 diodes to maximizing total diode voltage drop, resistor power loss is kept down to about 13% of the total power. We have implemented the simplest possible circuit to drive the LEDs, one that can be easily built by biologists who have not trained in electronic engineering. More sophisticated driver circuits might be devised to regulate or balance current flow to different branches of the array, but they probably offer little additional benefit for the purposes of scorpion detection.

Figure 3 in Effects of Ultraviolet Light and Pheromone Release Rate in Trapping Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on Guam

Figure 3. Capture rates (mean ± SE) of beetle caught in double-vaned bucket. UV = trap equipped with UV LED diodes, RL = trap with reduced release rate of oryctalure, SL = trap with standard release rate of oryctalure. Comparisons of mean trap capture between traps with and without UV light and between traps with different oryctalure release rates are shown at right. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different means (UV light: t-test, Lure: ANOVA, Tukey's HSD).

Figure 4 in Effects of Ultraviolet Light and Pheromone Release Rate in Trapping Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on Guam

Figure 4. Capture rate as a function of oryctalure release rate for traps without (A) and with (B) ultraviolet light emitting diodes. UV = trap equipped with UV LED diodes, RL = trap with reduced release rate of oryctalure, SL = trap with standard release rate of oryctalure. Lines are ordinary least-squares fits. The equation for traps without UV LEDs is y = 0.0059 + 0.0015x; slope is not significantly different from zero (P = 0.118). The equation for traps with UV LEDs is y = 0.0182 + 0.0070x; slope is significantly different from zero (P = 0.005).

Figure 2. Reduced release rate pheromone dispenser. A 2 in Effects of Ultraviolet Light and Pheromone Release Rate in Trapping Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on Guam

Figure 2. Reduced release rate pheromone dispenser. A 2 mm hole in the tops of the Eppendorf centrifuge tube allows a slow release of the attractant oryctalure. The bottle shown acts as a rain and wind shield. This entire release device is placed within a bucket trap for field deployment.

Figure 1 in Effects of Ultraviolet Light and Pheromone Release Rate in Trapping Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on Guam

Figure 1. Trap line locations, from north to south, were located at the University of Guam Agricultural Experiment Station in Yigo, the GICC Golf Course in Dededo, the Temple Baptist Church in Chalan Pago, the Leo Palace Golf Course in Yona, the Windward Hills Golf Course in Yona, and the Chargalauf Farm in Inarajan. An on-line interactive version of this map is available at https://github.com/ aubreymoore/CRB- trapimprovement/ blob/master/map.geojson.