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25 results for “Vachellia”
Fig. 2. Topologiesof the Bayesian trees with branchlengths. Posteriorprobability andbootstrapsupport valuesare given. A. Vachellia and B. Senegalias.l in Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia s.l. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)
Fig. 2. Topologiesof the Bayesian trees with branchlengths. Posteriorprobability andbootstrapsupport valuesare given. A. Vachellia and B. Senegalias.l.
Figs 6–12 in New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Figs 6–12. Genitalia and antenna of Bruchidius species. 6–9 – B. horridus sp. nov. (6 – male antenna; 7 – median lobe; 8 – lateral lobes; 9 – spermatheca). 10–12 – B. quadrispinosus sp. nov. (10 – male antenna; 11 – median lobe; 12 – lateral lobes).
Data from: Population genomics and demographic sampling of the ant-plant Vachellia drepanolobium and its symbiotic ants from sites across its range in East Africa.
The association between the African ant plant, Vachellia drepanolobium, and the ants that inhabit it has provided insight into the boundaries between mutualism and parasitism, the response of symbioses to environmental perturbations, and the ecology of species coexistence. We use a landscape genomics approach at sites sampled throughout the range of this system in Kenya to investigate the demographics and genetic structure of the different partners in the association. We find that different species of ant associates of V. drepanolobium show striking differences in their spatial distribution throughout Kenya, and these differences are only partly correlated with abiotic factors. A comparison of the population structure of the host plant and its three obligately arboreal ant symbionts, Crematogaster mimosae, Crematogaster nigriceps, and Tetraponera penzigi, shows that the ants exhibit somewhat similar patterns of structure throughout each of their respective ranges, but that this does not correlate in any clear way with the respective genetic structure of the populations of their host plants. A lack of evidence for local coadaptation in this system suggests that all partners have evolved to cope with a wide variety of biotic and abiotic conditions.
Large-scale facilitative effects of Vachellia caven
<p>The importance of nurse plants structuring plant communities is well appreciated at local scales, yet the effect of a single nurse on large scales has been neglected in analyses. So far, studies only use environmental gradients within one type of ecosystem and tend to generalize the nurse effects. To assess how the effect of a single nurse species is modulated by different environmental settings, interactions between the shrub <em>Vachellia caven</em> and the surrounding plant communities were evaluated at 481 paired plots (outside vs underneath the plant crown), in 39 sites across two distribution ranges, the Mediterranean west and the mostly subtropical east of the Andes mountains (covering ca. 2x10 6 km<sup>2</sup>). Cover, abundance, and richness of perennial plants underneath and outside <em>V. caven </em>were used as response variables to estimate an index indicative of plant interactions (RII) and tested how this was affected by the rainfall gradient and distribution range.</p> <p>Overall, RII responses to rainfall gradients had low conditional R<sup>2</sup> (~0.25) at this large-scale of analysis, but were significantly different between ranges: the RII followed a quadratic trend across the rainfall gradient in the western range, while this relationship was positive and close to linear at the eastern range. Then, by projecting the RII models (i.e., for abundance, cover, and richness) spatially through a consensus map, we show that most positive effects of <em>V. caven</em> are geographically found in dissimilar areas: the central part of Chile (western range) and across the Paraná river (eastern range). When local fine-scale predictors (i.e., annual herbs cover and height, and herbivores feces cover), were used to model each response variable at the plot level (underneath or outside <em>V. caven</em>) similar trends were kept as when considering only large-scale predictors.</p> <p>Synthesis: Here, we show that the effect of the same nurse species on neighbouring plant communities can be very different depending on ranges of distribution, stressing that its ecological function cannot be generalized and not only depends on local factors but also is large-scale context-dependent. </p>
Fig. 3 in Ants found on acacia of the genus Vachellia and other savannah trees at Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania with the description of a new species Hymenoptera: Formicidae
Fig. 3. Insect sampling by pyrethrum knock-down spraying.
Dataset: Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Sandoval-Martínez J, JA Flores-Cano and EI Badano. Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico. <em>Journal of Plant Research</em>, 135, pp. 453-463. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y</a></p> <p>The first Microsoft Excel file contains six sheets with the microclimatic data (photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, rainfall and soil moisture) measured at controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande). The second Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the data used to estimate the seedling emergence and survival rates from scarified and unscarified seeds of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> in controls and climate change simulation plots at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande).</p>
Large-scale facilitative effects of Vachellia caven
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Data from: Population genomics and demographic sampling of the ant-plant Vachellia drepanolobium and its symbiotic ants from sites across its range in East Africa.
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Data from: Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium
1. The Acacia drepanolobium (also known as Vachellia drepanolobium) ant-plant symbiosis is considered a classic case of species coexistence, in which four species of tree-defending ants compete for nesting space in a single host tree species. Coexistence in this system has been explained by trade-offs in the ability of the ant associates to compete with each other for occupied trees versus the ability to colonize unoccupied trees. 2. We seek to understand the proximal reasons for how and why the ant species vary in competitive or colonizing abilities, which are largely unknown. 3. In this study, we use RADseq derived SNPs to identify relatedness of workers in colonies to test the hypothesis that competitively dominant ants reach large colony sizes due to polygyny, i.e., the presence of multiple egg-laying queens in a single colony. 4. We find that variation in polygyny is not associated with competitive ability; in fact, the most dominant species, unexpectedly, showed little evidence of polygyny. We also use these markers to investigate variation in mating behavior among the ant species, and find that different species vary in the number of males fathering the offspring of each queen. Finally, we show that the nature of polygyny varies between the two commonly polygynous species, Crematogaster mimosae and Tetraponera penzigi: in C. mimosae, queens in the same colony are often related, while this is not the case for T. penzigi. 5. These results shed light on factors influencing the evolution of species coexistence in an ant-plant mutualism, as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of RADseq-derived SNPs for parentage analysis.
FIGURE 2 in Vachellia bolei (Leguminosae, Mimosaceae) a possibly extinct coastal stenoendemic legume of southern India
FIGURE 2. Residual syntype of Vachellia bolei (syn. Acacia bolei). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
FIGURE 1 in Vachellia bolei (Leguminosae, Mimosaceae) a possibly extinct coastal stenoendemic legume of southern India
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Vachellia bolei (syn. Acacia bolei) designated by Subhedhar (1985). © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reproduced with the consent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
FIGURE 2 in Lectotypification of some Senegalia and Vachellia species (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) from India
FIGURE 2. Acacia lenticularis Buchanan-Hamilton ex Bentham (Royle 196 [K000791169 image!], K; Lectotype) ©RBG, Kew
FIGURE 1 in Lectotypification of some Senegalia and Vachellia species (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) from India
FIGURE 1. Acacia hohenackeri Craib (Hohenacker 1602 [BM000946891 image!], BM; Lectotype). ©The Natural History Museum, London
Data from: Evidence of high genetic diversity and significant population structuring in Vachellia tortilis (Forsk.) Galasso & Bonfi population in Kenya
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Data from: Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium
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Predation on Vachellia trees in the Evrona Nature Reserve following an oil spill
<p>The Evrona Nature Reserve (southern Israel; 29°40′N, 35°00′E) was affected by two large oil spills in 1975 and 2014, respectively. Between Nov 2019 to Oct 2019, we recorded invertebrate and vertebrate predation rates using the artificial caterpillar method (Howe et al. 2009, Entomol Exp App) in oil-polluted and unpolluted Vachellia trees.</p>
Vachellia drepanolobium nutrient translocation in response to smoke
<p><span>1. Fire is a major selective force on arid grassland communities, favoring traits such as the smoke-induced seed germination response seen in a wide variety of plant species. However, little is known about the relevance of smoke as a cue for plants beyond the seedling stage.</span></p> <p><span>2. We exposed a fire-adapted savanna tree, <i>Vachellia (=Acacia) drepanolobium,</i> to smoke and compared nutrient concentrations in leaf and root tissues to unexposed controls. Experiments were performed on three age cohorts: 2-year-old, 9-month-old, and 3-month-old plants.</span></p> <p><span>3. For the 2-year-old plants exposed to smoke, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were lower in the leaves and higher in the roots compared to controls. Less pronounced trends were found for boron and magnesium. </span></p> <p><span>4. In contrast, smoke-exposed 3-month-old plants had lower root nitrogen concentrations compared to controls. No significant differences were found in the 9-month-old plants, and no significant shifts in other nutrient concentrations were observed between plant tissues for any of the three age cohorts. </span></p> <p><span><i>5. Synthesis:</i> Our findings are consistent with smoke-induced translocation of nutrients from leaves to roots in 2-year-old <i>V. drepanolobium</i>. This could represent a novel form of fire adaptation, with variation over the course of plant development. The translocation differences between age cohorts highlight the need to investigate smoke response in older plants of other species. Accounting for this adaptation could better inform our understanding of savanna community structure and nutrient flows under fire regimes altered by anthropogenic land use and climate change.</span></p>
FIGURE 3. Acacia bolei R.P. Subhedar K.D in Lectotypification of some Senegalia and Vachellia species (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) from India
FIGURE 3. Acacia bolei R.P. Subhedar K.D. (Wight 896 [K000791143 image!], K; Lectotype). ©RBG, Kew
Figs 1–5 in New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Figs 1–5. Habitus of Bruchidius species. 1 – B. horridus sp. nov., J paratype. 2 – B. quadrispinosus sp. nov., J holotype. 3 – B. quadrispinosus sp. nov., ♀ paratype. 4 – B. spathiger sp. nov., J paratype (Kenya). 5 – B. tumidulus sp. nov., J paratype (Kenya, Kampi Ya Moto).
Figs 13–18 in New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Figs 13–18. Genitalia and antenna of Bruchidius species. 13–15 – B. spathiger sp. nov. (13 – male antenna; 14 – median lobe; 15 – lateral lobes). 16–18 – B. tumidulus sp. nov. (16 – male antenna; 17 – median lobe; 18 – lateral lobes).
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