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24 results for “Vector Borne Diseases”
High-Resolution Vector-borne Disease Infection Risk Mapping with Area-to-Point Kriging and Species Distribution Modeling - Datasets
<p>Datasets and notebooks used in the publication High-Resolution Vector-borne Disease Infection Risk Mapping with Area-to-Point Kriging and Species Distribution Modeling</p>
Fig. 1 in Reptile vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern
Fig. 1. Arthropod vectors associated to reptiles represented by a Podarcis siculus lizard and Tarentola mauritanica gecko and zoonotic pathogens they may transmit. a) Ixodes ricinus tick larva, b) Ophionyssus natricis mite, c) Sergentomyia minuta sand fly, d) Aedes albopictus mosquito. Red lines represent high importance role of transmission, orange line represents medium importance role of transmission, gray line represents mechanical vector and green line represents transmission of nonpathogenic zoonotic microorganisms. Dashed lines represent neglectable knowledge on actual role of vector. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Reptile vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern
Fig. 2. Arthropod vectors that may feed on reptiles. a) Ixodes ricinus larva on Podarcis siculus lizard being collected with tweezers, b) Neotrombicula autumnalis larvae mites on Podarcis siculus lizard, c) female Sergentomyia minuta phlebotomine sand fly, d) Aedes albopictus mosquito.
The relationship between vector species richness and the risk of vector-borne infectious diseases
<p>Infectious diseases can impact human welfare and impede wildlife management. Much recent research explores whether biodiversity increases or decreases infectious disease risk. Here we theoretically study the relationship between vector species richness and the risk of vector-borne diseases by an epidemiological model of a single host and multiple vectors. The model considers that vectors are involved in interspecific feeding interference that causes transmission interference and in interspecific recruitment competition that mediates susceptible vector regulation. The model reveals three possible shapes of the vector richness-disease risk relationship: monotonic amplification, hump-shaped, and monotonic dilution patterns. Monotonic amplification pattern occurs across a wide parameter region. Hump-shaped or monotonic dilution patterns are found when transmission interference is strong and recruitment competition is weak. Unexpectedly, susceptible vector regulation does not only promote dilution but can strengthen amplification if coupled with strong transmission interference. Our results suggest that vector richness might be more likely to cause amplification rather than dilution, and shifts in the community mean trait values of vectors could also affect disease risk along the vector richness gradient.</p>
The relationship between vector species richness and the risk of vector-borne infectious diseases
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Data from: Multiplex vs. singleplex assay for the simultaneous identification of the three components of avian malaria vector-borne disease by DNA metabarcoding
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Data from: Disentangling the drivers of invasion spread in a vector-borne tree disease
1. Pine wilt disease (PWD) invaded southern Japan in the early 1900's and has gradually expanded its range to northern Honshu (Japanese mainland). The disease is caused by a pathogenic North American nematode, which is transmitted by native pine sawyer beetles. Recently the disease has invaded other portions of East Asia and Europe where extensive mortality of host pines is anticipated to resemble historical patterns seen in Japan. 2. There is a critical need to identify the main drivers of PWD invasion spread so as to predict future spread and evaluate containment strategies in newly invaded world regions. But the coupling of pathogen and vector population dynamics introduces considerable complexity that is important for understanding this and other plant disease invasions. 3. In this study, we analysed historical (1980-2011) records of PWD infection and vector abundance, which were spatially extensive but recorded at coarse categorical levels (none, low and high) across 403 municipalities in northern Honshu. We employed a multistate occupancy model that accounted both for demographic stochasticity and observation errors in categorical data. 4. Analysis revealed that sparse sawyer populations had lower probabilities of transition to high abundance than did more abundant populations even when regional abundance stayed the same, suggesting the existence of positive density dependence, i.e. an Allee effect, in sawyer dynamics. Climatic conditions (average accumulated degree days) substantially limited invasion spread in northern regions, but this climatic influence on sawyer dynamics was generally weaker than the Allee effect. 5. Our results suggest that tactics (e.g., sanitation logging of infected pines) which strengthen Allee effects in sawyer dynamics may be effective strategies for slowing the spread of PWD.
Sequencing data and taxonomic assignments from: Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases
<p>This is the sequencing data used in the paper:<strong> "</strong>Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases" by Kocher et al. The study aims at assessing the effects of biodiversity changes on Leishmania transmission using molecular analyses of sand fly pools and blood-fed dipterans. The data is split in three files corresponding to the PCR amplicons used in the study (Ins16S for insect identifications, 12SV5 for vertebrate identifications and leishmini for Leishmania identifications). Each file combines output from different Illumina Miseq and Hiseq runs, after read demultiplexing and adapter trimming, dereplication and removal of reads present in less than 10 copies (but before further read filtering). The data is presented in tabular format (similar to the output of the obitab command from the obitools package), together with information on the corresponging sample, sequencing run, and taxonomic assignments (performed with ecotag from the obitools).</p>
No net effect of host density on tick-borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution
<p>To better understand vector-borne disease dynamics, knowledge of the ecological interactions between animal hosts, vectors and pathogens is needed. The effects of hosts on disease hazard depends on their role in driving vector abundance and their ability to transmit pathogens. Theoretically, a host that cannot transmit a pathogen could dilute pathogen prevalence but increase disease hazard if it increases vector population size. In the case of Lyme disease, caused by <em>Borrelia burgdorferi </em>s.l. and vectored by Ixodid ticks, deer may have dual opposing effects on vectors and pathogen: deer drive tick population densities but do not transmit <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. and could thus decrease or increase disease hazard. We aimed to test for the role of deer in shaping Lyme disease hazard by using a wide range of deer densities while taking transmission host abundance into account. We predicted that deer increase nymphal tick abundance while reducing pathogen prevalence. The resulting impact of deer on disease hazard will depend on the relative strengths of these opposing effects. We conducted a cross-sectional survey across 24 woodlands in Scotland between 2017 and 2019, estimating host (deer, rodents) abundance, questing<em> Ixodes ricinus</em> nymph density and <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. prevalence at each site. As predicted, deer density was positively associated with nymph density and negatively with nymphal infection prevalence. Overall, these two opposite effects cancelled each other out: Lyme disease hazard did not vary with increasing deer density. This demonstrates that, across a wide range of deer and rodent densities, the role of deer in amplifying tick densities cancels their effect of reducing pathogen prevalence. We demonstrate how non-competent host density has little effect on disease hazard even though they reduce pathogen prevalence, because of their role in increasing vector populations. These results have implications for informing disease mitigation strategies, especially through host management.</p>
Outputs from Vector-borne diseases and climate change (VECLIMIT)- project
<p>Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant global public health threat, influenced by intricate interactions between hosts, vectors, pathogens, and the environment. In northern Europe the climate is warming at over twice the rate of the global average, affecting ecosystems and their biota, and consequently drivers of VBD circulation and epidemiology. By integrating long-term disease incidence data, metagenomic analyses, empirical field studies, high-resolution climate data, and predictive spatiotemporal modelling, we approached to set baselines and to understand the main climate-dependencies of the drivers of the complex dynamics governing transmission and distribution of main VBDs in Finland. In addition, by mapping the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Finnish residents related to VBDs in a changing climate to further understand the possible gaps and misunderstandings associated with VBDs that may hinder the uptake of protective measures. </p>
Field Evaluations of Innovative Tools for Vector-borne Disease Control in Conflict-affected Communities
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06179732. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Enhancing Protection Against Vector-borne Diseases in Forcibly Displaced Communities: Evaluating the Efficacy of Spatial Repellents for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Control in North-East Syria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06917040. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Sequencing data and taxonomic assignments from: Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases
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Data from: Disentangling the drivers of invasion spread in a vector-borne tree disease
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No net effect of host density on tick-borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution
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Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a "hotspot" of West Nile virus transmission
Animals can decrease their individual risk of predation by forming groups. The encounter-dilution hypothesis extends the potential benefits of gregariousness to biting insects and vector-borne disease by predicting that the per capita number of insect bites should decrease within larger host groups. Although vector-borne diseases are common and can exert strong selective pressures on hosts, there have been few tests of the encounter-dilution effect in natural systems. We conducted an experimental test of the encounter-dilution hypothesis using the American robin (Turdus migratorius), a common host species for the West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen. By using sentinel hosts (house sparrows, Passer domesticus) caged in naturally occurring communal roosts in the suburbs of Chicago, we assessed sentinel host risk of WNV exposure inside and outside of roosts. We also estimated per capita host exposure to infected vectors inside roosts and outside of roosts. Sentinel birds caged inside roosts seroconverted to WNV more slowly than those outside of roosts, suggesting that social groups decrease per capita exposure to infected mosquitoes. These results therefore support the encounter-dilution hypothesis in a vector-borne disease system. Our results suggest that disease-related selective pressures on sociality may depend on the mode of disease transmission.
Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a “hotspot” of West Nile virus transmission
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Data from: Blood meal-induced inhibition of vector-borne disease by transgenic microbiota
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Data from: Trends in malaria in Odisha, India—an analysis of the 2003-2013 time-series data from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program
Background: Although Odisha is the largest contributor to the malaria burden in India, no systematic study has examined its malaria trends. Hence, the spatio-temporal trends in malaria in Odisha were assessed against the backdrop of the various anti-malaria strategies implemented in the state. Methods: Using the district-wise malaria incidence and blood examination data (2003-2013) from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, blood examination-adjusted time-trends in malaria incidence were estimated and predicted for 2003-2013 and 2014-2016, respectively. An interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression was conducted to compare the disease trends between the pre (2003-2007) and post-intensification (2009-2013) periods. Key-informant interviews of state stakeholders were used to collect the information on the various anti-malaria strategies adopted in the state. Results: The state annual malaria incidence declined from 10.82/1000 to 5.28/1000 during 2003-2013 (adjusted annual decline: -0.54/1000, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.30). However, the annual blood examination rate remained almost unchanged from 11.25% to 11.77%. The key-informants revealed that intensification of anti-malaria activities in 2008 led to a more rapid decline in malaria incidence during 2009-2013 as compared to that in 2003-2007 [adjusted decline: -0.83 (-1.30 to -0.37) and -0.27 (-0.41 to -0.13), respectively]. There was a significant difference in the two temporal slopes, i.e., -0.054 (-0.10 to -0.002, p=0.04) per 1000 population per month, between these two periods, indicating almost a 200% greater decline in the post-intensification period. Although, the seven southern high-burden districts registered the highest decline, they continued to remain in that zone, thereby, making the achievement of malaria elimination (incidence <1/1000) unlikely by 2017. Conclusion: The anti-malaria strategies in Odisha, especially their intensification since 2008, have helped improve its malaria situation in recent years. These successful measures need to be sustained and perhaps intensified further for eliminating malaria from Odisha.
Spatial Repellent Products for the Control of Vector Borne Diseases - Malaria - Kenya
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02294201. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.