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10 results for “Viewshed”
Data for recreation (with adjustments) of Wheatley's 1996 long barrow viewshed analysis
<p>Following Wheatley's (1996) viewshed analysis of real and simulated long barrows in two regions of Wiltshire, this study aimed to replicate the analysis (investigating regional variation in barrow viewsheds) with the additional factor of elevation included to limit the random generation of long barrows to elevations where they have been observed, to avoid potential skewing of viewshed areas.</p> <p>This dataset contains 20x20km squares surrouding Avebury and Stonehenge which match Wheatley's demarcated 'subregions;' as well as polygons matching the elevation ranges within which long barrows were found in each subregion; random points generated in these subregions; the calculated viewshed areas for real and simulated barrow points, and a complete dataset for long barrows recorded on the Wiltshire HER, both certain and potential. To carry out a viewshed analysis with this data, a DTM is also required.</p>
Total Viewshed of Bohemia
<p>The dataset represents a collection of <em>total viewsheds</em> (cf. Llobera et al. 2010) created for the territory of Bohemia (Czech Republic; ca. 57,000 km<sup>2</sup>). The total-viewshed calculation was based on the R2 algorithm (see Franklin and Ray 1994) and uses the viewshed function from MATLAB’s Mapping Toolbox that was significantly optimized by the authors for large-scale parallel computations. To reduce the computational time, we calculated single viewsheds using every fourth cell as the observing point (cf. Rášová 2017).</p> <p>The <em>Digital Terrain Model of the Czech Republic of the 5th Generation</em> (<a href="https://ags.cuzk.cz/arcgis2/rest/services/dmr5g/ImageServer">DMR 5G</a>) was used as input for the calculations. Prior to the calculation, the input DEM was cleared of modern landscape elements (e.g. embankments of railways and roads, quarries, etc.; for details see Novák – Pružinec 2022). Eight total visibility models of the territory of Bohemia were constructed using the IT4Innovations research infrastructure (<a href="https://www.it4i.cz/">https://www.it4i.cz/</a>). Both the observer and the target heights were set at 1.5 m. The viewsheds differ in two parameters: the visibility radius and the resolution of the input grid. As the basic radius, we have set 0.5 km and the cell size of 5 m; further layers are conceived as multiples of these parameters: 1 km/10 m, 2 km/20 m, 4 km/40 m, 8 km/80 m, 16 km/160 m and 32 km/320 m. The only exception is the model with a radius of 64 km, where we preserved the cell size of the preceding iteration (320 m). In the individual models, the visibility values are indicated in percentages corresponding to the portion of visible cells in the given radius (0–100%; rounded up to the next complete value).</p> <p>Filenames of individual rasters correspond to the parameters set above. For further details see:</p> <ul> <li>Kuna, M. – Novák, D. – Bucha Rašová, A. – Bucha, B. – Machová, B. – Havlice, J. – John, J. – Chvojka, O. 2022: Computing and testing extensive total viewsheds: a case of prehistoric burial mounds in Bohemia. Journal of Archaeological Science 142, 105596. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2022.105596">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2022.105596</a></li> <li>Novák, D. – Pružinec, F. 2022: Potential and Implications of Automated Pre-Processing of Lidar-Based Digital Elevation Models for Large-Scale Archaeological Landscape Analysis. Available at SSRN: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4063514">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4063514</a></li> </ul>
Swiss Dwellings: A large dataset of apartment models including aggregated geolocation-based simulation results covering viewshed, natural light, traffic noise, centrality and geometric analysis
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains detailed data on over 45,000 apartments (370,000 rooms) in ~3,100 buildings including their geometries, room typology as well as their visual, acoustical, topological, and daylight characteristics. Additionally, we have included location-specific characteristics for the buildings, including climatic data and points of interest within walking distance.</p> <p><strong>Changelog</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>v3.0.0 (2023-03-31):</strong> <ul> <li>Updated the dataset increasing the total number of apartments to 45176 and incorporating fixes to some of the sites. The update includes re-digitized apartments and thus alters some ID values.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>v2.2.1 (2023-03-10):</strong> <ul> <li>A file, <code>location_ratings.csv</code>, has been included to provide ratings of the locations in which the buildings are situated. The ratings, provided by <a href="https://en.fpre.ch/">Fahrländer Partner AG</a>, give insights into the living situation at the buildings' addresses. Details for the different dimensions are provided below.</li> <li>The file <code>location.csv</code> has been updated to include the minimum and maximum temperatures for the locations in which the buildings are situated.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>v2.1.0 (2022-12-23)</strong>: <ul> <li>A file, <code>locations.csv</code>, has been included to provide information on the climatic and infrastructural characteristics of the locations in which each building is situated</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>v2.0.0 (2022-10-17):</strong> <ul> <li>Additional to the residential units, we also include the commercial and public parts (such as staircases) of the models. The field <code>unit_usage</code> describes whether an area belongs to a commercial, residential, janitor or public part of the building</li> <li>Added the fields <code>elevation</code> and <code>height</code> to <em>geometries.csv</em> to describe the elevation above the terrain surface and the height of objects.</li> <li>Added the field <code>plan_id</code> which allows identifying which floors are based on the same floor plan (in some cases multiple floors of a building share the same floor plan</li> <li>Improved the ordering of fields in the CSV files (instead of alphabetic order)</li> <li>Minor changes to individual sites</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Procurement</strong></p> <p>The data is sourced from commercial clients of <a href="https://www.archilyse.com/">Archilyse AG</a> specializing on the digitization and analysis of buildings. The existing building plans of clients are converted into a geo-referenced, semantically annotated representation and undergo a manual Q/A process to ensure the accuracy of the data and to ensure a maximum 5%-deviation in the apartments' areas (validated with a median deviation of 1.2%).</p> <p><strong>Geometries</strong></p> <p>The dataset contains a file <code>geometries.csv</code> which contains the geometries of all areas, walls, railings, columns, windows, doors and features (sinks, bathtubs, etc.) of an apartment.</p> <p>In total, the datasets contain the 2D geometry of ~1.7 million separators (walls, railings), ~715,000 openings (windows, doors), ca. 520,000 areas (rooms, bathrooms, kitchens, etc.), and ~315,000 features (sinks, toilets, bathtubs, etc.).</p> <p>Each row contains:</p> <ul> <li><code>apartment_id</code>: The ID of the apartment (for features, areas), <em>note</em>: an apartment id is only unique per site</li> <li><code>site_id</code>: The ID of the site</li> <li><code>building_id</code>: The ID of the building</li> <li><code>floor_id</code>: The ID of the floor</li> <li><code>plan_id</code>: The ID of the plan on which the floor is based, multiple floors of a building might be based on the same plan</li> <li><code>unit_id</code>: The ID of the unit in which the element is spatially contained (for features, areas)</li> <li><code>area_id</code>: The ID of the area in which the element is spatially contained (for features)</li> <li><code>unit_usage</code>: The usage of the unit, possible values are: RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, PUBLIC, JANITOR</li> <li><code>entity_type</code>: The entity type (<em>area, separator, opening, feature</em>)</li> <li><code>entity_subtype</code>: The entity’s sub-type (e.g. <em>WALL</em>)</li> <li><code>geometry</code>: The element’s geometry as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry">WKT</a> geometry in meters. The geometry is given in the site’s local coordinate system. I.e. the position between elements of the same site are correct in respect to each other. The +y direction points northwards, the +x direction points eastwards.</li> <li><code>elevation</code>: The object's elevation above the terrain surface in meters. We assume one terrain baseline per building, thus all walls in a given floor share the same elevation value. However, windows in particular might start at different elevations and have differing heights.</li> <li><code>height</code>: The height of the entity in meters, <em>note</em>: In many cases, a default height is assumed</li> </ul> <p>An example:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">column</th> <th scope="col"> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>apartment_id</td> <td> <p>d4438f2129b30290845ce7eef98a5ba7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>site_id</td> <td>127</td> </tr> <tr> <td>building_id</td> <td>164</td> </tr> <tr> <td>plan_id</td> <td>492</td> </tr> <tr> <td>floor_id</td> <td>861</td> </tr> <tr> <td>unit_id</td> <td>63777</td> </tr> <tr> <td>area_id</td> <td>767676</td> </tr> <tr> <td>unit_usage</td> <td>RESIDENTIAL</td> </tr> <tr> <td>entity_type</td> <td>area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>entity_subtype</td> <td>LIVING_ROOM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>geometry</td> <td> <p>POLYGON ((-6.1501158933490139 -4.8490786654693...</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>elevation</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>height</td> <td>2.6</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Simulations</strong></p> <p>Besides the geometrical model, we also provide simulation data on the visual, acoustic, solar, layout, and connectivity-related characteristics of the apartments. The file <code>simulations.csv</code> contains the simulation data aggregated on a per-area basis. Each row contains the identifier columns <code>area_id</code>, <code>unit_id</code>, <code>apartment_id</code>, <code>floor_id</code>, <code>building_id</code>, <code>site_id</code> as defined above as well as 367 simulation columns. Each simulation column is formatted as:</p> <pre><code><simulation_category>_<simulation_dimensions>_<aggregation_function></code></pre> <p>For instance. the column <code>view_buildings_median</code> describes the amount of building surface that can be seen from any point in a given room. The aggregation methods vary per simulation category and are described in detail below.</p> <p><strong>Layout</strong></p> <p>The <em>layout</em> features represent simple features based on the geometry and composition of a room, the dataset provides the following information in an unaggregated form.</p> <p>Area Basics / Geometry</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>layout_area_type</td> <td>The area’s area type</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_net_area</td> <td>The area’s share of the apartment’s net area (e.g. 0 for a balcony)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_area</td> <td>The area’s actual area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_perimeter</td> <td>The area’s perimeter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_compactness</td> <td>The area’s compactness (the Polsby–Popper score)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_room_count</td> <td>The area’s share to the apartment’s room count</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_is_navigable</td> <td>True if the area is navigable by a wheelchair</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Area Features</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>layout_has_sink</td> <td>True if the area has a sink</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_has_shower</td> <td>True if the area has a shower</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_has_bathtub</td> <td>True if the area has a bathtub</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_has_toilet</td> <td>True if the area has a toilet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_has_stairs</td> <td>True if the area has stairs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_has_entrance_door</td> <td>True if the area is directly leading to an exit of the apartment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Area Windows / Doors</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>layout_number_of_doors</td> <td>The number of doors directly leading to the area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_number_of_windows</td> <td>The number of windows of the area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_door_perimeter</td> <td>The sum of all door lengths directly leading to the area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_window_perimeter</td> <td>The sum of all window lengths of the area</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Area Walls / Railings</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>layout_open_perimeter</td> <td>The sum of all of the boundaries of the area that are neither walls nor railings</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_railing_perimeter</td> <td>The sum of all of the boundaries of the area that are railings</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_mean_walllengths</td> <td>The mean length of the area’s sides</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_std_walllengths</td> <td>The standard deviation of the lengths of the area’s sides</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Area Adjacency</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>layout_connects_to_bathroom</td> <td>True if the area connects to a bathroom</td> </tr> <tr> <td>layout_connects_to_private_outdoor</td> <td>True if the area connects to an outside area that is private to the apartment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>View</strong></p> <p>The views from an object help to understand the impact of the surroundings on the object. The view simulation calculates the visible amount of buildings, greenery, water, etc. on each individual hexagon from the analyzed object. The values are expressed in steradians (sr) and represent the amount a particular object category occupies in the spherical field of view.</p> <p>Each of the following dimensions is provided using the room-wise aggregations' <em>min</em>, <em>max</em>, <em>mean</em>, <em>std</em>, <em>median</em>, <em>p20,</em> and <em>p80</em>. For instance, the column <code>view_greenery_p20</code> describes the amount of greenery that can be seen from at least 20% of the positions in the area.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>view_buildings</td> <td>The amount of visible buildings</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_greenery</td> <td>The amount of visible greenery</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_ground</td> <td>The amount of visible ground</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_isovist</td> <td>The amount of visible isovist</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_mountains_class_2</td> <td>The amount of visible mountains of UN mountain class 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_mountains_class_3</td> <td>The amount of visible mountains of UN mountain class 3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_mountains_class_4</td> <td>The amount of visible mountains of UN mountain class 4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_mountains_class_5</td> <td>The amount of visible mountains of UN mountain class 5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_mountains_class_6</td> <td>The amount of visible mountains of UN mountain class 6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_railway_tracks</td> <td>The amount of visible railway_tracks</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_site</td> <td>The amount of visible site</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_sky</td> <td>The amount of visible sky</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_tertiary_streets</td> <td>The amount of visible tertiary_streets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_secondary_streets</td> <td>The amount of visible secondary_streets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_primary_streets</td> <td>The amount of visible primary_streets</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_pedestrians</td> <td>The amount of visible pedestrians</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_highways</td> <td>The amount of visible highways</td> </tr> <tr> <td>view_water</td> <td>The amount of visible water</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Sun</strong></p> <p>Sun simulations help to understand the impact of solar radiation on the object. The outcome of the sun simulations helps to identify surfaces that have great solar potential. Sun simulations are defined by the amount of solar radiation on each individual hexagon from the analyzed object. The sun simulation not only includes direct sun but also considers scattered light. The sun simulation values are given in Kilolux (klx). Simulations are performed for the days of the summer solstice, winter solstice, and the vernal equinox.</p> <p>Each of the following dimensions is provided using the room-wise aggregations' <em>min</em>, <em>max</em>, <em>mean</em>, <em>std</em>, <em>median</em>, <em>p20,</em> and <em>p80</em>. For instance, column <code>sun_201806211200_median</code> describes the median amount of direct daylight received on the positions in the area.</p> <p>Vernal Equinox</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>sun_201803210800</td> <td>Daylight at 08:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201803211000</td> <td>Daylight at 10:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201803211200</td> <td>Daylight at 12:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201803211400</td> <td>Daylight at 14:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201803211600</td> <td>Daylight at 16:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201803211800</td> <td>Daylight at 18:00 on 21st of March</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Summer Solstice</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>sun_201806210600</td> <td>Daylight at 06:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806210800</td> <td>Daylight at 08:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806211000</td> <td>Daylight at 10:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806211200</td> <td>Daylight at 12:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806211400</td> <td>Daylight at 14:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806211600</td> <td>Daylight at 16:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806211800</td> <td>Daylight at 18:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201806212000</td> <td>Daylight at 20:00 on 21st of June</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Winter Solstice</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>sun_201812211000</td> <td>Daylight at 10:00 on 21st of December</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201812211200</td> <td>Daylight at 12:00 on 21st of December</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201812211400</td> <td>Daylight at 14:00 on 21st of December</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sun_201812211600</td> <td>Daylight at 16:00 on 21st of December</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Noise / Window Noise</strong></p> <p>Noise level and the distribution of elements from an area help to understand how an object is exposed to the acoustics of this area. The acoustic simulation calculates the noise intensity on each individual hexagon from the analyzed object considering traffic and train noise datasets. Adjacent buildings are considered noise-blocking elements. The values are expressed in dBA (decibels).</p> <p>Window Noise</p> <p>The noise per window of a given area is aggregated via <code>min</code> and <code>max</code>. For instance, <code>window_noise_train_day_max</code> represents the maximum amount of noise received on any window of the area.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>window_noise_traffic_day</td> <td>The amount of noise received on the area’s windows from daytime car traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>window_noise_traffic_night</td> <td>The amount of noise received on the area’s windows from night-time car traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>window_noise_train_day</td> <td>The amount of noise received on the area’s windows from daytime train traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>window_noise_train_night</td> <td>The amount of noise received on the area’s windows from night-time train traffic</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Area-Wise Noise</p> <p>The area-wise noise describes the amount of noise received from a noise source aggregated over the whole area in an unaggregated form. For instance, <code>noise_traffic_night</code> describes the dBA of noise received in the area from car traffic at night when propagating noise from all windows.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>noise_traffic_day</td> <td>The amount of noise received in the area from daytime car traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>noise_traffic_night</td> <td>The amount of noise received in the area from night-time car traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>noise_train_day</td> <td>The amount of noise received in the area from daytime train traffic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>noise_train_night</td> <td>The amount of noise received in the area from night-time train traffic</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br> <strong>Connectivity</strong></p> <p>Centrality simulations help to analyze a floor plan, whether it’s a shopping mall and you want to identify prominent areas in order to select the most prominent spot or it’s an interior design circulation path and you want to determine open floor plan areas. Centrality simulations are done using topological measures that score grid cells by their importance as a part of a grid cell network.</p> <p>The distances and centralities are aggregated via <em>min</em>, <em>max</em>, <em>mean</em>, <em>std</em>, <em>median</em>, <em>p20,</em> and <em>p80</em>. For instance, <code>connectivity_balcony_distance_min</code> describes the shortest distance to the next balcony from the point closest to the balcony in the area.</p> <p>Distances</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>connectivity_room_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type ROOM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_living_dining_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type LIVING_DINING</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_bathroom_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type BATHROOM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_kitchen_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type KITCHEN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_balcony_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type BALCONY</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_loggia_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next area of type LOGGIA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_entrance_door_distance</td> <td>Distance to the next apartment exit</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Centralities</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>connectivity_eigen_centrality</td> <td>The Eigen-Centrality value</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_betweenness_centrality</td> <td>The Betweenness-Centrality value</td> </tr> <tr> <td>connectivity_closeness_centrality</td> <td>The Closeness-Centrality value</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Location Properties</strong></p> <p>In addition to the apartment-related data, we also provide simulation data on the climatic, and infrastructural characteristics of the locations. The file <code>locations.csv</code> contains the simulation data aggregated on a per-building basis. Each row contains the identifier <code>building_id</code> corresponding to the building ids referenced in <code>geometries.csv</code> and <code>simulations.csv</code>.</p> <p><strong>Climate</strong></p> <p>The climate features represent 39 simple features based on the spatial climate analysis of Meteo Swiss as derived from <a href="https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/climate/the-climate-of-switzerland/spatial-climate-analyses.html.">MeteoSwiss</a>. Each column is formatted as <code>climate_<category>_<period>. </code>For instance, the column <code>climate_tnorm_january</code> describes the monthly mean temperature in degrees Celsius (from the norm period of 1991-2020) at the location of the building. The aggregation methods vary per simulation category and are described in detail below.</p> <p>Temperature Normals</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>climate_tnorm_year</td> <td>The yearly mean temperature in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormY9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tnorm_january</td> <td>The monthly mean temperature in January in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tnorm_februry</td> <td>The monthly mean temperature in February in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tnorm_december</td> <td>The monthly mean temperature in December in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tminnorm_january</td> <td>The monthly minimum temperature in January in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TminnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tminnorm_december</td> <td>The monthly minimum temperature in December in degrees Celsius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tmaxnorm_january</td> <td>The monthly maximum temperature in January in degrees Celcius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_tmaxnorm_december</td> <td>The monthly maximum temperature in December in degrees Celcius of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (TnormM9120)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Sunshine Duration Normals</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>climate_snorm_year</td> <td>The yearly mean relative sunshine duration in percent of the current norm period from 1991 to 2020 (SnormY9120). Relative sunshine duration (RSD) is the ratio between the effective sunshine duration and the duration maximally possible if no clouds were covering the sun. A period with sunshine is defined as a period when the direct solar irradiance exceeds 200 W/m²</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_snorm_january</td> <td>The monthly mean relative sunshine duration for January in percent of the current norm period</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_snorm_februry</td> <td>The monthly mean relative sunshine duration for February in percent of the current norm period</td> </tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_snorm_december</td> <td>The monthly mean relative sunshine duration for December in percent of the current norm period</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Precipitation Normals</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>climate_rnorm_year</td> <td>The yearly mean precipitation in mm of the current norm period (RnormY9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_rnorm_january</td> <td>The monthly mean precipitation for January in mm of the current norm period (RnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_rnorm_februry</td> <td>The monthly mean precipitation for February in mm of the current norm period (RnormM9120)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> </tr> <tr> <td>climate_rnorm_december</td> <td>The monthly mean precipitation for December mm of the current norm period (RnormM9120)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>10-Minute Walkshed Infrastructure</strong></p> <p>Based on OpenStreetMap data and its tagging system we counted all 465 tags (key and value tuples as listed here: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_features) which can be reached within a 10-minute walk from the location of the building. Each column is formatted as <code>walkshed_<poi_category>_<poi_type>. </code>For instance, the column <code>walkshed_shop_coffee</code> describes the number of coffee shops located within 10 minutes of walking from the building.</p> <p>The following is an excerpt of support categories and their corresponding types.</p> <ul> <li><code>shop: antique, art, ...</code></li> <li><code>amenity: art, atm, ...</code></li> <li><code>tourism: alpine, attraction, ...</code></li> <li><code>leisure: amusement, beach, ...</code></li> <li><code>healthcare: clinic, dentist, ...</code></li> <li><code>historic: archaeological, battlefield, ...</code></li> <li><code>ariaelway: station</code></li> </ul> <p><strong>Location Ratings</strong></p> <p>The location ratings, provided by <a href="https://en.fpre.ch/">Fahrländer Partner AG</a>, give insights into the living situation at locations in which the buildings are situated. The file location_ratings.csv provides the following information:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>dimension</th> <th>description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>location_rating_MIKRAT_W</td> <td>Living situation - Overall (1.0=worst, 5.0=best)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>location_rating_IMAGE_W</td> <td>Living situation - Image (1.0=worst, 5.0=best)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>location_rating_DL_W</td> <td>Living situation - Service Quality (1.0=worst, 5.0=best)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>location_rating_FZ_W</td> <td> <p>Living situation - Leisure Quality (1.0=worst, 5.0=best)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>location_rating_NASE_W_DOM</td> <td>The most dominant segment of demand:<br> <br> 1 Rural-traditional<br> 2 Modern worker<br> 3 Transitional-alternative<br> 4 Traditional middle class<br> 5 Liberal middle class<br> 6 Established alternative<br> 7 Upper middle class<br> 8 Professional elite<br> 9 Urban elite<br> 10 Unknown<br> <br> <a href="https://en.fpre.ch/marktdaten/nachfragersegmente/nachfragersegmente-im-wohnungsmarkt/">More Information</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>location_rating_FGFRQZ</td> <td> <p>The mean number of pedestrians per hour throughout a day between 7 am and 8 pm of an average working day.<br> <br> 1 <50<br> 2 50-100<br> 3 100-200<br> 4 200-500<br> 5 >500</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data for: Horizontal viewsheds of large herbivores as a function of woodland structure
<p>This dataset contains values of tree stem density per hectare of different size classes (Sapling: > 0.3m, < 1.3m height, Small stem: >=1.3m height, < 10cm DBH, Medium stem: 10-20cm DBH, Large: 21-30cm DBH, Very large: >=31cm DBH), Viewshed Coefficient values (vc), Leaf Area Index (LAI) values for 0.75 - 1.5m above the ground and average percentage cover of bramble (<em>Rubus frutocisus agg.</em>). These data have come from 71 circular 15m-radius sampling plots (four-character codes in plotID column across ten woodland sites (three-character codes in site column). </p> <p>The "raw_data" tab contains the untransformed, unscaled raw data. The "transformed_scaled_data" tab contains the transformed, scaled data that were used in the modelling approach in the associated manuscript.</p>
Accounting for viewshed area and animal availability when estimating density and recruitment of unmarked white-tailed deer
<p>Quantifying demography of wildlife is vital to population monitoring; however, studies using physical capture methods can prove challenging. Camera traps have gained popularity as a density estimator tool in recent decades due to noninvasive data collection, reduced labor, cost efficiency, and large-scale monitoring capabilities. Many wildlife populations are comprised of individuals with no unique natural markers for individual identification, resulting in the need for unmarked abundance models. The recently developed Space-to-Event (STE) model offers a method for density estimation of unmarked populations using timelapse photography. STE relates detections of animals to camera sampling area (i.e., viewshed), resulting in density estimates that can be extrapolated to abundance over large areas. Consequently, this makes STE sensitive to estimates of viewshed area as small changes in viewshed could significantly affect density estimation. Using STE, we estimated density and recruitment of white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) in a densely forested landscape using measurements of viewshed per camera. We compared estimates of abundance derived from uniquely measured viewshed to estimates of abundance derived from an assumed viewshed area held constant across all cameras. When using a constant viewshed across all cameras, our point estimates of abundance shifted away from uniquely measured viewshed estimates in predictable ways, depending upon how much area was sampled. Additionally, we demonstrated the need for further exploration of animal availability at fine temporal scales by comparing estimates of density derived from sampling the full diel period to estimates derived from periods of peak activity (i.e., crepuscular periods). Finally, we extended the usefulness of the STE model by using densities of fawns and adult females to derive estimates of fawn recruitment.</p>
Viewshed Analysis of the Pinakes from the Columns of the Heraion in Olympia
<p>This project aimed to conduct a 3D visibility analysis of the Pinakes at the Heraion of Olympia, using the open-source software Blender and QGIS. The project builds on previous work by other researchers on the pinakes at the site, and aims to use the 3D model to better understand the visibility of the pinakes from different viewpoints near the temple. The results were visualized using raster maps for the better understanding of the function of the Pinakes in the context of the Heraion.</p>
Accounting for viewshed area and animal availability when estimating density and recruitment of unmarked white-tailed deer
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Data from: Methods to account for incomplete viewsheds in distance sampling
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Data for: Horizontal viewsheds of large herbivores as a function of woodland structure
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Datasets used in: Modelling eye-level visibility of urban green space: Optimising city-wide point-based viewshed computations through prototyping
<p>Research data supporting our publication. Full workflows using the R programming language have been provided on <a href="https://github.com/STBrinkmann/protoVS">GitHub</a>. Here we provide external data that has been used for our research, as well as the resulting Viewshed Greenness Visibility Index (VGVI) raster.</p> <p><strong>Datasets</strong></p> <p>Digital Terrain Model (DTM):</p> <ul> <li>Spatial Resolution: 1 m</li> <li>Source: Canada’s Open Government Portal</li> <li>Licence: <a href="https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada">Open Government Licence - Canada</a></li> <li>File name: Vancouver_DTM_1m.tif<br> </li> </ul> <p>Digital Surface Model (DSM):</p> <ul> <li>Spatial Resolution: 1 m</li> <li>Source: Canada’s Open Government Portal</li> <li>Licence: <a href="https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada">Open Government Licence - Canada</a></li> <li>File name: Vancouver_DSM_1m.tif<br> </li> </ul> <p>Landuse</p> <ul> <li>Spatial Resolution: 2 m</li> <li>Source: Land Cover Classification 2014 - 2m LiDAR</li> <li>Licence: <a href="http://www.metrovancouver.org/data">Metro Vancouver</a></li> <li>File name: Vancouver_LULC_2m.tif<br> </li> </ul> <p>VGVI map</p> <ul> <li>Spatial Resolution: 5 m</li> <li>Source: Resulting dataset from our analysis</li> <li>Licence: MIT License</li> <li>File name: vgvi_van.tif</li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.