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45 results for “Virus evolution”
Deep splicing plasticity of the human adenovirus type 5 transcriptome as a driver of virus evolution nanopore data 48hpi
<p>Adenovirus infected MRC5 cells direct RNA sequencing of the mRNA using nanopore. From the paper Deep splicing plasticity of the human adenovirus type 5 transcriptome as a driver of virus evolution. Both the uncorrected fastq files and the lordec corrected files together with the normalised illumina data used to correct the nanpore data are here.</p>
Raw NGS data for the study 'Spouse-to-spouse Transmission and Evolution of Hypervariable Region 1 and 5’ Untraslated Region of Hepatitis C Virus Analyzed by Next-generation Sequencing'
<p>This file contains the original next-generation sequencing data (raw sequences in fastq format) which were analyzed in the study titled: "Spouse-to-spouse Transmission and Evolution of Hypervariable Region 1 and 5’ Untraslated Region of Hepatitis C Virus Analyzed by Next-generation Sequencing".</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Host developmental stages shape the evolution of a plant RNA virus
<p>Datasets used in the generation of figures 1 and 2 of:</p> <p>Melero, I., González, R., Elena, S.F. 2022. Host developmental stages shape the evolution of a plant RNA Virus. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B doi: 10.1098/rtsb.2022.0005</p>
Supplementary datasets for: Large-scale genome sequencing reveals the driving forces of viruses in microalgal evolution
<p>Microalgae are integral primary producers for global ecosystems whose genomes can be mined for ecological insights, but representative genome sequences are lacking for many phyla. We cultured and sequenced 107 microalgae species from 11 different phyla indigenous to varied geographies and climates. This genome collection was used to resolve genomic differences between saltwater and freshwater microalgae. Freshwater species showed domain-centric ontology enrichment for nuclear and nuclear membrane functions, while saltwater species were enriched in organellar and cellular membrane functions. Marine species contained significantly more viral families in their genomes (<span>p-value = 8 x 10(-4))</span>. Viral sequences were identified from Chlorovirus, Coccolithovirus, Pandoravirus, Marseillevirus, Tupanvirus, and others integrated into algal genomes. Algal, viral-origin sequences were found to be expressed and to code for a wide variety of functions. Our results clarify the poorly characterized occurrences of viral elements in algal genomes and define a unified adaptive strategy for algal halotolerance.</p>
Supplementary datasets for: Large-scale genome sequencing reveals the driving forces of viruses in microalgal evolution
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Data from: Urban landscapes can change virus gene flow and evolution in a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore
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Recurrent evolution of two competing haplotypes in an insect DNA virus
<p>Hosts and viruses are constantly evolving in response to each other: as hosts attempt to suppress the virus, the virus attempts to evade and suppress the host's immune system. This arms race results in the evolution of novel pathways in both the host and virus to gain the upper hand. Here we describe the coevolution between <i>Drosophila </i>species and a common and virulent DNA virus. We identify two distinct viral types that differ 100-fold in viral titer in infected individuals, with similar effects across multiple species. Our analysis suggests that one of the viral types appears to have recurrently evolved at least 4 times in the past ~30,000 years, including in another geographically distinct species, due to the high effective mutation rate which increases with titer. The higher titer viral type is associated with suppression of the host immune system and an increased transmission rate compared to the low viral titer type. Both types are maintained in all populations, likely due to an increased virulence in the high titer type creating a trade-off between effective transmission and virulence and resulting in nearly equal reproduction rates (R<sub>0</sub>) in both types. Together these results suggest that the reciprocal selective pressures caused by the co-evolution between host and virus has resulted in this recurrently evolving relationship.</p>
Data from: Emergence and evolution of novel reassortant influenza A viruses in canines in southern China
The capacity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) to host jump from animal reservoir species to humans presents an ongoing pandemic threat. Birds and swine are considered major reservoirs of viral genetic diversity, whereas equines and canines have historically been restricted to one or two stable IAV lineages with no transmission to humans. Here, by sequencing the complete genomes of 16 IAVs obtained from canines in southern China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [Guangxi]) in 2013 to 2015, we demonstrate that the evolution of canine influenza viruses (CIVs) in Asian dogs is increasingly complex, presenting a potential threat to humans. First, two reassortant H1N1 virus genotypes were introduced independently from swine into canines in Guangxi, including one genotype associated with a zoonotic infection. The genomes contain segments from three lineages that circulate in swine in China: North American triple reassortant H3N2, Eurasian avian-like H1N1, and pandemic H1N1. Furthermore, the swine-origin H1N1 viruses have transmitted onward in canines and reassorted with the CIV-H3N2 viruses that circulate endemically in Asian dogs, producing three novel reassortant CIV genotypes (H1N1r, H1N2r, and H3N2r [r stands for reassortant]). CIVs from this study were collected primarily from pet dogs presenting with respiratory symptoms at veterinary clinics, but dogs in Guangxi are also raised for meat, and street dogs roam freely, creating a more complex ecosystem for CIV transmission. Further surveillance is greatly needed to understand the full genetic diversity of CIV in southern China, the nature of viral emergence and persistence in the region's diverse canine populations, and the zoonotic risk as the viruses continue to evolve.
Data from: Adaptive evolution and environmental durability jointly structure phylodynamic patterns in avian influenza viruses
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been pivotal to the origination of human pandemic strains. Despite their scientific and public health significance, however, there remains much to be understood about the ecology and evolution of AIVs in wild birds, where major pools of genetic diversity are generated and maintained. Here, we present comparative phylodynamic analyses of human and AIVs in North America, demonstrating (i) significantly higher standing genetic diversity and (ii) phylogenetic trees with a weaker signature of immune escape in AIVs than in human viruses. To explain these differences, we performed statistical analyses to quantify the relative contribution of several potential explanations. We found that HA genetic diversity in avian viruses is determined by a combination of factors, predominantly subtype-specific differences in host immune selective pressure and the ecology of transmission (in particular, the durability of subtypes in aquatic environments). Extending this analysis using a computational model demonstrated that virus durability may lead to long-term, indirect chains of transmission that, when coupled with a short host lifespan, can generate and maintain the observed high levels of genetic diversity. Further evidence in support of this novel finding was found by demonstrating an association between subtype-specific environmental durability and predicted phylogenetic signatures: genetic diversity, variation in phylogenetic tree branch lengths, and tree height. The conclusion that environmental transmission plays an important role in the evolutionary biology of avian influenza viruses—a manifestation of the "storage effect"—highlights the potentially unpredictable impact of wildlife reservoirs for future human pandemics and the need for improved understanding of the natural ecology of these viruses.
Data from: Virus evolution in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila
Wolbachia, a common vertically transmitted symbiont, can protect insects against viral infection and prevent mosquitoes from transmitting viral pathogens. For this reason, Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are being released to prevent the transmission of dengue and other arboviruses. An important question for the long-term success of these programs is whether viruses can evolve to escape the antiviral effects of Wolbachia. We have found that Wolbachia altered the outcome of competition between strains of the DCV virus in Drosophila. However, Wolbachia still effectively blocked the virus genotypes that were favoured in the presence of the symbiont. We conclude that Wolbachia did cause an evolutionary response in viruses but this has little or no impact on the effectiveness of virus-blocking.
Data from: Evolution of functional antibodies following acute Epstein-Barr Virus infection
<p>While Epstein-Barr virus causes mostly asymptomatic infection, associated malignancies, and autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases occur. To dissect the evolution of humoral immune responses over the course of EBV infection and to gain a better understanding of the potential contribution of antibody (Ab) function to viral control, we comprehensively profiled Ab specificities and Fc-functionalities using systems serology and VirScan. Ab functions against two early (p18 and p47/54) and two latent (gp350/220 and EBNA-1) EBV proteins were overall modest and/or short-lived, differing from humoral responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. In the first year post-infection, only p18 elicited robust IgM-driven complement deposition and IgG-driven neutrophil phagocytosis while responses against EBNA-1 were largely Fc-functionally silent and only matured during chronic infection to drive phagocytosis. In contrast, Abs against Influenza virus readily mediated broad Fc-activity in all participants. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs, potentially due to the virus' life cycle, switching from lytic to latent stages during infection. </p>
Evolution of ubiquitin, cytoskeleton, and vesicular trafficking machinery in giant viruses
<p>This repository contains genomes, proteins, and alignments used in the study "Evolution of ubiquitin, cytoskeleton, and vesicular trafficking machinery in giant viruses".</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a multi-host pathogen with lineages that pose health risks for domestic birds, wild birds, and humans. One mechanism of intercontinental HPAIV spread is through wild bird reservoirs and wild birds were the likely sources of a Eurasian (EA) lineage HPAIV into North America in 2014. The introduction resulted in several reassortment events with North American (NA) lineage low pathogenic avian influenza viruses and the reassortant EA/NA H5N2 went on to cause one of the largest HPAIV poultry outbreaks in North America. We evaluated three hypotheses about novel HPAIV introduced into wild and domestic bird hosts: (i) transmission of novel HPAIVs in wild birds was restricted by mechanisms associated with highly-pathogenic phenotypes; (ii) the HPAIV poultry outbreak was not self-sustaining and required viral input from wild birds; (iii) reassortment of the EA H5N8 generated reassortant EA/NA AIVs with a fitness advantage over fully Eurasian lineages in North American wild birds. We used a time-rooted phylodynamic model that explicitly incorporated viral population dynamics with evolutionary dynamics to estimate the basic reproductive number (R0) and viral migration among host types in domestic and wild birds, as well as between the EA H5N8 and EA/NA H5N2 in wild birds. We did not find evidence to support hypothesis (i) or (ii) as our estimates of the transmission parameters suggested that the HPAIV outbreak met or exceeded the threshold for persistence in wild birds (R0 > 1) and poultry (R0 ≈ 1) with minimal estimated transmission among host types. There was also no evidence to support hypothesis (iii) because R0 values were similar among EA H5N8 and EA/NA H5N2 in wild birds. Our results suggest that this novel HPAIV and reassortments did not encounter any transmission barriers sufficient to prevent persistence when introduced to wild or domestic birds.
Twenty years of evolution and diversification of digitaria streak virus in Digitaria setigera
<p><span>Within the family <i>Geminiviridae</i>, the emergence of new species results from their high mutation and recombination rates. In this study, we report the variability and evolution of digitaria streak virus (DSV), a mastrevirus isolated in 1986 from the grass <i>Digitaria setigera</i> in an island of the Vanuatu archipelago. Viral DNA of DSV samples was amplified from <i>D. setigera</i> specimens, derived from the naturally infected original plant, which were propagated in different laboratories in France and Italy for more than twenty years. From the consensus sequences, the nucleotide substitution rate was estimated for the period between a sample and the original sequence published in 1987, as well as for the period between samples. In addition, the intra-host genetic complexity and diversity of 8 DSV populations with a total of 165 sequenced haplotypes was characterized. The evolutionary rate of DSV was estimated to be between 1.13 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 9.87 × 10<sup>-4</sup> substitutions/site/year, within the ranges observed in other single-stranded DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Bioinformatic analyses revealed high variability and heterogeneity in DSV populations, which confirmed that mutant spectra are continuously generated and are organized as quasispecies. The analysis of polymorphisms revealed nucleotide substitution biases in viral genomes towards deamination and oxidation of ssDNA. The differences in variability in each of the genomic regions reflected a dynamic and modular evolution in the mutant spectra that was not reflected in the consensus sequences. Strikingly, the most variable region of the DSV genome, encoding the movement protein (MP), showed rapid fixation of the mutations in the consensus sequence and a concomitant dN/dS ratio of 6.130, which suggests strong positive selection in this region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a possible divergence in three genetic lineages from the original Vanuatu DSV isolate.</span></p>
Seasonality and strain specificity drive rapid co-evolution in a Ostreococcus-virus system from the Western Baltic Sea
<p>Marine viruses are a major driver of phytoplankton mortality and thereby influence biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other nutrients. Phytoplankton-targeting viruses are important components of ecosystem dynamics, but broad-scale experimental investigations of host-virus interactions remain scarce. Here, we investigated in detail a picophytoplankton (size 1 µm) host’s responses to infections by species-specific viruses from distinct geographical regions and different sampling seasons. Specifically, we used <em>Ostreococcus tauri </em>and<em> O. mediterraneus</em> and their viruses (size ca. 100 nm). <em>Ostreococcus</em> sp. are globally distributed and, like other picoplankton species, play an important role in coastal ecosystems at certain times of the year. Further,<em> Ostreococcus</em> sp. are model organisms, and the <em>Ostreococcus</em>-virus system is well-known in marine biology. However, only few studies have researched its evolutionary biology and the implications thereof for ecosystem dynamics. The <em>Ostreococcus</em> strains used here stem from different regions of the Southwestern Baltic Sea that vary in salinity and temperature and were obtained during several cruises spanning different sampling seasons. Using an experimental cross-infection set-up, we explicitly confirm species and strain specificity in <em>Ostreococcus</em> sp. from the Baltic Sea. Moreover, we found the timing of virus-host co-existence, was driver of infection patterns as well. In combination, these findings prove that host-virus co-evolution can be rapid in natural systems.</p>
Data from: Molecular genetic analysis of virus isolates from wild and cultivated plants demonstrates that East Africa is a hotspot for the evolution and diversification of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
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Data from: Emergence and evolution of novel reassortant influenza A viruses in canines in southern China
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Modeling multipartite virus evolution: the genome formula facilitates rapid adaptation to heterogeneous environments
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Data from: Virus evolution in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila
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Data from: Inferring epidemiologic dynamics from viral evolution: 2014–2015 Eurasian/North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exceed transmission threshold, R0 = 1, in wild birds and poultry in North America
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.