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6 results for “WASP-39b”
Products and Models for "Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam"
<p>Associated Publication: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05590-4">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05590-4</a><br> <br> OVERVIEW: Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopy<sup> </sup>provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen- and carbon-bearing species; however, this requires broad wavelength coverage, moderate spectral resolution, and high precision that, together, are not achievable with previous observatories. Now that JWST has commenced science operations, we are able to observe exoplanets at previously uncharted wavelengths and spectral resolutions. Here we report time-series observations of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b using JWST’s Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam). The long-wavelength spectroscopic and short-wavelength photometric light curves span 2.0 – 4.0 µm, exhibit minimal systematics, and reveal well-defined molecular absorption features in the planet’s spectrum. Specifically, we detect gaseous H<sub>2</sub>O in the atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of CH<sub>4</sub>. The otherwise prominent CO<sub>2</sub> feature at 2.8 µm is largely masked by H<sub>2</sub>O. The best-fit chemical equilibrium models favour an atmospheric metallicity of 1–100× solar (i.e., an enrichment of elements heavier than helium relative to the Sun) and a sub-stellar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. The inferred high metallicity and low C/O ratio may indicate significant accretion of solid materials during planet formation<sup> </sup>or disequilibrium processes in the upper atmosphere.</p>
Dataset for "Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to 16 exoplanet transmission spectra. Indication of disequilibrium chemistry for HD 209458b and WASP-39b"
<p>This is the supplemental materials for the Astronomy & Astrophysics publication "Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to 16 exoplanet transmission spectra. Indication of disequilibrium chemistry for HD 209458b and WASP-39b". Please refer to "README.md" for details.</p>
Products and Models for "Detection of carbon monoxide's 4.6 micron fundamental band structure in WASP-39b's atmosphere with JWST NIRSpec G395H"
<p>Overview:</p> <p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is predicted to be the dominant carbon-bearing molecule in giant planet atmospheres, and, along with water, is important for discerning the oxygen and therefore carbon-to-oxygen ratio of these planets. The fundamental absorption mode of CO has a broad double-branched structure composed of many individual absorption lines from 4.3 to 5.1 µm, which can now be spectroscopically measured with JWST. Here we present a technique for detecting the rotational sub-band structure of CO at medium resolution with the NIRSpec G395H instrument. We use a single transit observation of the hot Jupiter WASP-39b from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science (JTEC ERS) program at the native resolution of the instrument (R ~ 2700) to resolve the CO absorption structure. We robustly detect absorption by CO, with an increase in transit depth of 264 <span>\(\pm\)</span> 68 ppm, in agreement with the predicted CO contribution from the best-fit model at low resolution. This detection confirms our theoretical expectations that CO is the dominant carbon-bearing molecule in WASP-39b's atmosphere, and further supports the conclusions of low C/O and super-solar metallicities presented in the JTEC ERS papers for WASP-39b. </p>
Products and Models for "Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H"
<p>Associated Publication: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05591-3">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05591-3</a></p> <p>Overview:<br> Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Access to an exoplanet’s chemical inventory requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based and high-resolution ground-based facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R≈600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3–5 𝛍m covering multiple absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, obtained with JWST NIRSpec G395H. Our observations achieve 1.46x photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO<sub>2</sub> (28.5<span class="math-tex">\(\sigma\)</span>) and H<sub>2</sub>O (21.5<span class="math-tex">\(\sigma\)</span>), and identify SO<sub>2</sub> as the source of absorption at 4.1 𝛍m (4.8<span class="math-tex">\(\sigma\)</span>). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3 and 10x solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO<sub>2</sub>, underscore the importance of characterising the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres, and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time series observations over this critical wavelength range.<strong> </strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Products and Models for "Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM"
<p>Associated publication: <a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-022-05677-y%2520&data=05%7C01%7Czafar%40jhu.edu%7C70cefcf501224b8d305708daed9f9533%7C9fa4f438b1e6473b803f86f8aedf0dec%7C0%7C0%7C638083566905963125%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gyY0O%2FyMHX0paZC60ZCiQAif%2F0O8K2QKAuuF9%2FjtRpA%3D&reserved=0">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05677-y</a></p> <p> </p> <p>OVERVIEW: Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations’ relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species—in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39 b, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec’s PRISM mode as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H<sub>2</sub>O (33σ), CO<sub>2</sub> (28σ), and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH<sub>4</sub>, combined with a strong CO<sub>2</sub> feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4 µm is best explained by SO<sub>2</sub> (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST’s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.</p>
Products and Models for "Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS"
<p>Associated Publication: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05674-1">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05674-1</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Transmission spectroscopy provides insight into the atmospheric properties and consequently the formation history, physics, and chemistry of transiting exoplanets. However, obtaining precise inferences of atmospheric properties from transmission spectra requires simultaneously measuring the strength and shape of multiple spectral absorption features from a wide range of chemical species. This has been challenging given the precision and wavelength coverage of previous observatories. Here, we present the transmission spectrum of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b obtained using the SOSS mode of the NIRISS instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans 0.6−2.8μm in wavelength and reveals multiple water absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet, as well as signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS-SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favoring a heavy element enhancement ("metallicity") of ∼10−30× the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-gray clouds with inhomogeneous coverage of the planet's terminator.</p>
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