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28 results for “Water hyacinth”
Fig. 7 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 7. Number of eggs ovulated by adult females of Megamelus scutellaris correlated by a) age (days) and b) collar length (mm). The solid line represents the linear relationship between variables and the dashed lines is the 95% confidence interval (n = 15; P = 0.001 and r = 0.778).
Fig. 6. The 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 6. The 3 parous classes of Megamelus scutellaris. The P1 class (a and b) is characterized by the presence of follicular relics, which may not be present in some or all ovarioles, may be light in coloration and may or may not encircle the base of the ovariole. The follicular relics do not occur at high enough densities to cause an expansion or bulging. The collar may or may not be visible and does not extend past the follicular relic accumulation area. In the P2 class (c and d) follicular relics are present in all ovarioles and at high enough densities to cause bulging. They are distinctly yellow in coloration and relatively darker in comparison to those found in the P1 class. The collar is easily seen and typically extends past the follicular accumulation area. In the P3 class (e and f) follicular relics are variable, may or may not be in high enough densities to cause bulging, and typically completely encircle the base. The collar length easily surpasses the follicular relic accumulation area.
Fig. 4 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 4. Follicular relic formation and appearance in the distal area of an ovariole and anterior lateral oviduct (loa) with the germinal vesicle (gv), oocyte with yolk (oy), follicular epithelium (fe) beginning to slough off into the ovariole base (as shown by the arrow), follicular relics (fr), and collar in Megamelus scutellaris. Note the granular appearance of follicular relics having a high enough density to begin to expand or bulge the sides of the lateral oviduct.
Fig. 2 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing a) distal portion of the ovary showing the distal lateral oviduct (lop), common oviduct (co), bursa copulatrix (b), and spermatheca/spermathecal gland (spt and sptg, respectively), and b) close-up of ovariole morphology (b) showing the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), germarium (g), vitellarium (v), and terminal filament (tf).
Fig. 1 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing ovaries (ov), common oviduct (c), anterior and posterior portions of the lateral oviduct (loa and lop, respectively), and overall structure of a follicle including the germinal vesicle (gv) and oocyte with yolk (oy).
Fig. 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the female reproductive system of Megamelus scutellaris showing a) close-up of the distal portion of an ovariole showing the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), follicular epithelium (fe), ovariole sheath (os), germinal vesicle (gv), oocyte with yolk (oy), and collar (c), and b) distal portion of an ovariole showing a newly ovulated egg (e) into the anterior lateral oviduct (loa), ovary (ov), ovariole (lov), and the collar (c).
Fig. 5. The 3 in Morphology of the female reproductive system and physiological age-grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent of water hyacinth
Fig. 5. The 3 nulliparous stages of Megamelus scutellaris. a) N1—Note the lack of differentiation in the vitellarium (v) and large size of the germarium (g) in comparison to the vitellarium. b) N2—In this stage the ovarioles are fully differentiated, no fully mature follicles, and no follicular relics. c and d) N3—In this stage the ovarioles are fully differentiated, no follicular relics are present, and at least 2 follicles are mature and ready to be ovulated as indicated by darkening of the interior of the oocyte by yolk deposition.
Fig. 4 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 4. (A) Flat-edged, (B) short-toothed, and (C) long-toothed Hubbard rake designs. Scale: 30 cm. Photos by Michelle Adcock.
Fig. 1 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 1. (A) Top, (B) side, and (C) bottom of a salamander sieve. Scale: 30 cm. Photos by Michelle Adcock.
Fig. 6 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 6. Examples of Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae) cover objects that are effectively sampled using the salamander sieve and Hubbard rakes. (A) Submerged leaf litter and exposed roots, (B) submerged woody debris, (C) middle of springrun, noting aquatic vegetation with weak roots, as well as the springrun edges which are shallow with emergent vegetation, and (D) deep, aquatic vegetation with durable roots and stems. Photos by Zach Adcock.
Fig. 5 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 5. Hubbard rake demonstration. (A) Cover objects are scooped into the rake receptacle and (B–C) carefully searched for fauna to reveal a salamander. Red arrow identifies a Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae) trapped in the rake. Photos by Zach Adcock.
Fig. 3 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 3. (A) Top, (B) side, and (C) back of a Hubbard rake showing receptacle backend with drain holes and holes for window screen attachment using zip ties. Scale: 30 cm. Photos by Michelle Adcock.
Fig. 2 in Modification of a Water Hyacinth sieve and description of Hubbard rakes for sampling small aquatic salamanders
Fig. 2. Salamander sieve demonstration. (A) Cover objects are scooped into the sieve using a dustpan and (B) carefully searched for fauna to (C–D) reveal a salamander. Red arrows identify a Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae) trapped in the sieve. Photos by Madison Torres (A) and Zach Adcock (B–D).
Data from: Functional traits underlying performance variations in the overwintering of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under climate warming and water drawdown
<p><span>Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that temperature rise is still the general trend of the global climate in the 21st century. Invasive species may benefit from the increase in temperature, as climate can be viewed as a resource, and the increase in the available resources favors the invasibility of invasive species. This study aimed to assess the overwintering growth of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (<em>Eichhornia crassipes</em>) at its northern boundary. Using <em>E. crassipes</em> as a model plant, a cross-year mesocosm experiment was conducted to determine 17 plant functional traits, including growth, morphological, root topological, photosynthetic and stoichiometric traits, under climate warming (ambient, temperature rises of 1.5°C and 3.0°C) and water drawdown or water withdrawal (water depths of 1 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm) treatments. The overwintering growth of <em>E. crassipes</em> was facilitated by climate warming and proper water drawdown, and climate warming played a leading role. A temperature rises of 3.0°C and a water depth of 10 cm were the most suitable conditions for the overwintering and rooting behavior of the plant. Controlling the temperature to within 1.5°C, an ambitious goal for China, still facilitated the overwintering of <em>E. crassipes</em>. With climate warming, the plant can overwinter successfully, which possibly assists it in producing and spreading new ramets in the vernal flood season. The new rooting behavior induced by ambient low temperature may be viewed as a unique growth adaptation strategy for a niche change, as it helps these plants invade empty niches left by dead free-floating plants on the water surface following winter freezes. With continued global warming, the distribution of the plant may expand northward, and eradication of the plant during the winter water drawdown period may be a more effective strategy.</span></p>
Invasive water hyacinth impacts dataset
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Data from: Functional traits underlying performance variations in the overwintering of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under climate warming and water drawdown
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Negative correlations between native macrophyte diversity and water hyacinth abundance are stronger in its introduced than in its native range
<p><span>Aim: </span>We tested the hypothesis that the diversity and abundance of aquatic macrophytes are negatively related with <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> abundance in its introduced range, but not in its native range. </p> <p><span>Location: </span><span>Upper Parana River Floodplain, Brazil and Southeast China</span></p> <p><span>Methods: </span>We sampled aquatic macrophytes patches in Brazil (native range) and China (introduced range) along a biomass gradient of <i>E. crassipes</i>. For each patch, we obtained values of species richness and aquatic macrophytes percentage cover, as response variables in regression models. We also used species accumulation curves to quantify the total plot diversity in dominated and non-dominated plots for both countries. Finally, we compared the influence of <i>E. crassipes</i> dominance on community composition and beta diversity with Permanova and Permdisp, respectively.</p> <p><span>Results: </span>The regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between macrophyte richness and cover and <i>E. crassipes</i> biomass only in the introduced range. The cumulative number of species decreased at a higher extent in plots dominated by <i>E. crassipes</i> in China, compared to Brazil. Also, species composition changed and beta diversity decreased in the dominated plots in China, but not in Brazil.</p> <p><span>Main conclusions: </span>The reduction of all diversity attributes related to <i>E. crassipes</i> probably results from its engineer species role, which decreases littoral region habitat heterogeneity and affects rare species in the introduced range. Differences between countries may be associated with impacts of water hyacinth on native macrophytes since this plant grows very fast and is highly competitive. Although less probable, biotic resistance at the establishment phase of water hyacinth in sites with higher number of native species is also a possibility. Regardless of the main mechanism explaining our patterns, it is suggested that invasion by water hyacinth is a cause for concern for its higher impacts in the introduced ranges than the native ranges.</p>
Data from: Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant
Aquatic plant invasions are often associated with long-distance dispersal of vegetative propagules and prolific clonal reproduction. These reproductive features combined with genetic bottlenecks have the potential to severely limit genetic diversity in invasive populations. To investigate this question we conducted a global scale population genetic survey using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers of the world's most successful aquatic plant invader – Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). We sampled 1140 ramets from 54 populations from the native (South America) and introduced range (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Central America and the Caribbean). Although we detected 49 clones, introduced populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and little differentiation compared with those from the native range, and ~80% percent of introduced populations were composed of a single clone. A widespread clone ('W') detected in two Peruvian populations accounted for 70.9% of the individuals sampled and dominated in 74.5% of the introduced populations. However, samples from Bangladesh and Indonesia were composed of different genotypes, implicating multiple introductions to the introduced range. Nine of 47 introduced populations contained clonal diversity suggesting that sexual recruitment occurs in some invasive sites where environmental conditions favor seedling establishment. The global patterns of genetic diversity in E. crassipes likely result from severe genetic bottlenecks during colonization and prolific clonal propagation. The prevalence of the "W" genotype throughout the invasive range may be explained by stochastic sampling, or possibly because of pre-adaptation of the "W" genotype to tolerate low temperatures.
Figure 3 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 3. Hierarchical clustering, based on similarities in aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, of the sampling stations with a Ward linkage method and a Euclidian distance; Sa, Sahoua; Ah, Ahondo; Tc, Taabo cité; Co, Courandjourou; Tv, Taabo village.
Figure 5 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 5. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) diagram of macroinvertebrates collected from water hyacinth samples in relation to nine independent environmental variables measured: Temp., temperature; NH +, ammonium; pH; Trans., transparency; NO –, nitrate; Turb., 4 3 turbidity; PO 3–, phosphate; O, dissolved oxygen; and CND, conductivity.
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