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194 results for “Wolves”
Data from: The spatial distribution and temporal trends of livestock damages caused by wolves in Europe
<p>The preprint of the corresponding manuscript can be found here: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.12.499715</p> <p>Wolf populations are recovering and expanding across Europe, causing conflicts with livestock owners. We here compiled incident-based livestock damage data caused by wolves across 21 European countries for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020.</p> <p>The file "<strong>wolf_damages_2018_2019_2020_complete_data_to_publish.csv</strong>" contains the following information per incident: country, target species, cause, number of animals killed/injured/missing, assessment level probability, reported date, number of days until inspection, location, incidentID, uniqueID, NUS1_ID, NUTS2_ID, NUTS3_ID, damage prevention measure, number of wolves attacking, latitude, longitude, comments, metadata constraints.</p> <p>The file "<strong>nuts3_regions_and_LC_where_wolves_are_present.csv</strong>" contains information of the percentage of area occupied by wolves per NUTS3 region for selected land cover variables.</p> <p>The file "<strong>prevention_measures.csv</strong>" contains information about the financial support of livestock damage prevention measure per country or NUTS region</p> <p>The file "<strong>wolf_presence_now_vs_50_years_ago_nuts3.csv</strong>" contains information on NUTS3 regions that had a documented wolf presence 50 years ago.</p> <p>The "<strong>scripts_to_publish.zip</strong>" folder contains the scripts that we used to conduct the analyses.</p>
Data for: Temporal variations in female moose responses to roads and logging in the absence of wolves
<p>Animal movements, needed to acquire food resources, avoid predation risk, and find breeding partners, are influenced by annual and circadian cycles. Decisions related to movement reflect a quest to maximize benefits while limiting costs, especially in heterogeneous landscapes. Predation by wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) has been identified as the major driver of moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) habitat selection patterns, and linear features have been shown to increase wolf efficiency to travel, hunt and kill prey. However, few studies have described moose behavioral response to roads and logging in Canada in the absence of wolves. We thus characterized temporal changes (i.e., day phases and biological periods) in eastern moose (<em>Alces alces americana</em>) habitat selection and space use patterns near a road network in a wolf-free area located south of the St. Lawrence River (eastern Canada). We used telemetry data collected on 18 females between 2017 and 2019 to build resource selection functions and mixed linear regressions to explain variations in habitat selection patterns, home-range size and movement rates. Female moose selected forest stands providing forage when movement was not impeded by snow cover (i.e., spring/green-up, summer/rearing, fall/rut) and stands offering protection against incidental predation during calving. In winter, home-range size decreased with an increasing proportion of stands providing food and shelter against harsh weather, limiting the energetic costs associated with movement. Our results reaffirmed the year-round aversive effect of roads, even in the absence of wolves, but the magnitude of this avoidance differed between day phases, being lower during the "dusk-night-dawn" phase, perhaps due to a lower level of human activity on and near roads. Female moose behavior in our study area was similar to what was observed in landscapes where moose and wolves cohabit, suggesting that the risk associated with humans, perceived as another type of predator, and with incidental predators (coyote <em>Canis latrans</em>,<em> </em>black bear <em>Ursus americanus</em>), equates that of wolf predation in heavily managed landscapes.</p>
Fig. 1 in Angiostrongylus vasorum in wolves in Italy
Fig. 1. Lung: granuloma containing a parasitic developing larva (asterisk), surrounded by multinucleated giant cells (arrows). Hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar represents 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in Angiostrongylus vasorum in wolves in Italy
Fig. 2. Lung: adult nematode within a pulmonary artery. Hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar represents 100 µm.
Random sample of habitat suitability for wolves in Scotland
<p>A rule-based habitat suitability model was created for wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) in mainland Scotland. Six variations of the model were run, in order to test sensitivity to changes in input values. In order to test for difference in the outputs of the six models, 500 random points were sampled from all six models, and then a test for statistical difference performed. This dataset constitutes the values of the 500 random points, where 1 indicates complete suitability and 0 indicates complete unsuitability.</p>
Data from: Home range and habitat selection of wolves recolonising Central European human-dominated landscapes
<p>Decades of persecution has resulted in the long-term absence of grey wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) from most European countries. However, recent changes in both legislation and public attitudes toward wolves has eased the pressure, allowing wolves to rapidly re-establish territories in their previous Central European habitats over the last 20 years. Unfortunately, these habitats are now heavily altered by humans. Understanding the spatial ecology of wolves in such highly modified environments is crucial, given the high potential for conflict and the need to reconcile their return with multiple human concerns. We equipped 20 wolves, originating from seven packs in six Central European regions, with GPS collars, allowing us to calculate monthly average home range sizes for 14 of the animals of 213.3 km2 using Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimation. We then used ESA WorldCover data to assess the mosaic of available habitats used within each home range. Our data confirmed a general seasonal pattern for breeding individuals, with smaller apparent home ranges during the reproduction phase, and no specific pattern for non-breeders. Predictably, our wolves showed a general preference for remote areas, and especially forests, though some wolves within military training areas also showed a broader preference for grassland, possibly influenced by local land use and high availability of prey. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the ecology of wolves during their re-colonisation of Central Europe. Though wolves are spreading relatively quickly across Central European landscapes, their permanent reoccupation remains uncertain due to conflicts with the human population. To secure the restoration of European wolf populations, further robust biological data, including data on spatial ecology, will be needed to clearly identify any management implications.</p>
Рис. 3. Останки пятнистого оΛеня — жертвы воΛков на ΛьΑу р. Бикин в верхнем течении, 29 января 2019 г. Fig. 3. Remains of a sika deer (wolves' prey) on the ice in the upper reaches of the Bikin River, January 29, 2019 in Documented Evidence Of Habitation For The Sika Deer, The Amur Leopard Cat And The Striped Field Mouse In The Bikin National Park (Russia)
Рис. 3. Останки пятнистого оΛеня — жертвы воΛков на ΛьΑу р. Бикин в верхнем течении, 29 января 2019 г. Fig. 3. Remains of a sika deer (wolves' prey) on the ice in the upper reaches of the Bikin River, January 29, 2019
Fig. 1 in The occurrence of taeniids of wolves in Liguria (northern Italy)
Fig. 1. Study area, Liguria (Italy). Dark areas represent transects investigated to sample wolf scats. Each square represents a sample unit of 100 km2 over an area of 5343 km2.
Fig. 2 in Restricted evaluation of Trichodectes canis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) detection methods in Alaska gray wolves
Fig. 2. Divisions of wolf hide into 100 cm2 subsections for lice density analysis utilizing potassium hydroxide digestion. Each hide subsection square represents 10 cm by 10 cm, one representative section from each region was examined: 1 from the neck; 2 from the shoulder; 3 from the groin; 4 from the rump.
Fig. 1 in Restricted evaluation of Trichodectes canis (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) detection methods in Alaska gray wolves
Fig. 1. Divisions of wolf half hides designated for lice proportion analysis utilizing potassium hydroxide digestion. Wolf hides were cut in half and the right and left subdivided into four relatively equal sections and numbered sequentially from the neck to the tail base.
Fig. 2 in Surrogate hosts: Hunting dogs and recolonizing grey wolves share their endoparasites
Fig. 2. Normalized helminth prevalence in hunting dogs from the wolf area (dark grey, n = 49) and control area without wolves (light grey, n = 29). Lack of statistical significance was determined using a GLM.
Fig. 3. S. grueneri and S in Surrogate hosts: Hunting dogs and recolonizing grey wolves share their endoparasites
Fig. 3. S. grueneri and S. taeniata developmental cycles with their intermediate and definitive host in areas without wolves (A) and with wolves (B). In wolf habitats, wolves increase S. grueneri prevalence in their prey, in turn leading to a higher infection rate in hunting dogs. S. grueneri and S. taeniata strains spread by wolves are well‾adapted to both ungulate species, while S. grueneri and S. taeniata strains spread by hunting dogs from the control area are restricted to roe deer (right ungulate pictogram). The epidemiological influence of wolves regarding the spread of Sarcocystis in comparison to hunting dogs has a higher impact on red deer (left ungulate pictogram) than on roe deer. Sarcocystis strains in hunting dogs from the wolf area are likely to be a mixture of both dog and wolf strains. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Surrogate hosts: Hunting dogs and recolonizing grey wolves share their endoparasites
Fig. 1. Normalized Sarcocystis spp. prevalence in hunting dogs from the wolf area (dark grey, n = 49) and control area without wolves (light grey, n = 29). Hunting dogs were infected with 11 distinct Sarcocystis species, of which two species only occurred in wolf inhabited areas. They were significantly more likely to be infected with the 'wolf- ‾specialized' parasite S. grueneri when sharing their habitat with wolves (p = 0.035). It was not possible to determine a correlation for an infection with the other 'wolf specialist' S. taeniata and wolf presence (n.s. = not significant, p = 0.476). P values were extracted from GLMs.
Fig. 2 in Unexpected Echinococcus multilocularis infections in shepherd dogs and wolves in south-western Italian Alps: A new endemic area?
Fig. 2. Multiple alignment of partial mitochondrial cob (124bp) from three specimens identified as Echinococcus multilocularis analyzed in the present paper (the first three input sequences) with: (a) six E. multilocularis sequences retrieved from GenBank after comparison by Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST; (b) five sequences referred to Echinococcus granulosus (Eg, EgG1), E. ortleppi (EgG5), E. canadensis (EgG6-7) and Taenia hydatigena (Thy) retrieved from GenBank. (c) Multiple alignment of partial mitochondrial nad1 (139bp) from three specimens identified as Echinococcus ortleppi analyzed in the present paper (the first three input sequences) with sequences retrieved from GenBank belonging to other representatives of E. ortleppi, E. granulosus, E. canadensis, E. multilocularis, T. krabbei, T. ovis and T. hydatigena. Dots indicate identity with nucleotide of the first sequences listed.
Fig. 1 in Unexpected Echinococcus multilocularis infections in shepherd dogs and wolves in south-western Italian Alps: A new endemic area?
Fig. 1. Locations of wolf (blue dots) and dog (orange dots) fecal samples positive to Echinococcus multilocularis collected during a survey on Echinococcus spp. carried out from June to November 2017 in a mountainous area in the Alps of the Imperia Province, Italy. In the map are also reported the southernmost reports of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) to date in Europe (France, Drs. Boué and Umhang, pers. communication; North-Eastern Italian Alps, Croatia, as in (Beck et al., 2018)). Two dog fecal samples were collected from the same pasture and are represented by a single dot (noted as 2×). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 5. On the left, whole mounted Cryptocotyle lingua adult trematode stained with borax carmine (credit: Brent Wagner). On the right, distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) infected with C. lingua in the Subarctic (samples (n) collected along James Bay and the St Lawrence estuary) and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.
Fig. 2. A in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 2. A) Parasite genus richness in foxes (Vulpes vulpes, blue), coyotes (Canis latrans, orange), and wolves (Canis lupus, gray) from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 250). Fewer foxes were uninfected than coyotes (p = 0.006). More foxes were infected by two parasite genera than coyotes (p = 0.004). B) Parasite genus richness between Subarctic (yellow) and Humid Continental climate (green) in foxes from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 155). No significant difference in parasite genera was seen in foxes between Subarctic and Humid Continental climate regions. Parasites counted in both histograms were: diphyllobothriids (likely Dibothriocephalus spp.), Echinococcus spp., Taenia spp., Capillaria spp., Toxascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Uncinaria sp., Alaria sp., Cryptocotyle sp., and Metorchis sp. Parasites observed in both fecal and gross examination were only counted once. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 6. Distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans), and wolves (Canis lupus) infected with Toxascaris leonina (left, N = 55) and Toxocara canis (right, N = 19) in the Subarctic and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada.
Fig. 1. K in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 1. K¨oppen climate regions and sampling distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes, N = 176), coyotes (Canis latrans, N = 77), and wolves (Canis lupus, N = 23) collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.
Fig. 4 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 4. Mixed taeniid infections in the Humid Continental climate in coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) from Qu´ebec, Canada, following molecular analyses. Abbreviations on x-axis: E. can, Echinococcus canadensis; T. hyd, Taenia hydatigena; T. twi, T. twitchelli; T. kra, T. krabbei; T. pis, T. pisiformis-"like"; T. cra, T. crassiceps.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.