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Dataset results
16 results for “Wood carbon”
Nonstructural Carbon, Phenology and Wood Formation in Three Tree Species at Harvard Forest 2017-2019
This data set comprises various observations and measurements across the 2017 to 2019 growing season for seven red maple (Acer rubrum), eight red oak (Quercus rubra), and six white pine (Pinus strobus) in the Prospect Hill Tract of Harvard Forest. The observations include spring and fall leaf phenology and basic allometry, such as diameter at breast height and height. For the leaf phenology, we followed the protocol from John O’Keefe (HF003). Measurements include wood growth data from weekly microcores and a three time characterisation of growing season nonstructural carbon concentrations (soluble sugars and starch) for stems and leaves. Additionally, stem CO2 efflux was measured once a month for the 2018 growing season and weekly for the 2019 growing season.
Deep-soil carbon changes at 62 European beech stands in the Vienna Woods, Austria, 1984-2022
This dataset comprises repeated soil, vegetation, and site measurements from long-term forest monitoring in the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald), Austria, part of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Wienerwald” (48.1°–48.3° N, 15.8°–16.3° E). The study focuses on pure, naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands, initially sampled in 1984 and resampled in 2012 and 2022 . Elevations range from ~180 to 800 m a.s.l., with mean annual temperatures of 8–9 °C and precipitation of 600–900 mm. Soil samples were collected from three mineral soil depths (0–5 cm, 30–40 cm, and 80–90 cm) following consistent protocols across sampling years. Variables include total, organic, and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen and sulfur, exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K), pH, total Fe and Mn, fine soil mass, bulk density, rock content, soil texture, and root biomass. Stocks were calculated. Leaf nutrient concentrations (C, N, S, P, Ca, Mg, K) were determined in all sampling years. Dendrochronological measurements were conducted to determine growth trends since stand establishment, and stand-level characteristics (tree density, DBH, aboveground biomass, crown vitality, slope, aspect) were recorded. Site-level climate data (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) from 1961 to present and atmospheric deposition data for N and S (1990, 2012, 2022) were integrated from national and European gridded datasets. The dataset supports long-term assessments of soil carbon and nutrient dynamics, forest productivity, and environmental change impacts in old-growth beech forests. Data collection is complete for the 1984, 2012, and 2022 campaigns; no ongoing sampling is planned.
Online Data for 'The role of wildfires in the interplay of forest carbon stocks and wood harvest in the contiguous United States during the 20th century'
<p>This data file (.xlsx) contains all data used to create table 1, figures 1a-d, figure 2, figure S1, S2, and S5 of the study "The role of wildfires in the interplay of forest carbon stocks and wood harvest in the contiguous United States during the 20th century". Main article is available under: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007813</p>
Palmyra Atoll soil and/or wood density sampling locations used in the carbon storage analysis
This dataset provided soil and/or wood density sampling locations and values from Palmyra Atoll (2016 and 2019). Soil samples were extracted to measure organic carbon content associated with different vegetation communities in Palmyra. Wood samples were collected to measure basic wood density values for dominant woody vegetation types found in Palmyra to calculate aboveground carbon values.
The global distribution and drivers of wood density across angiosperms and gymnosperms and their impact on forest carbon stocks
<p>Abstract:</p> <div>The density of wood is a key indicator of trees’ carbon investment strategies, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here, we analyze information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially-explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to ~30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.</div> <div> </div> <p>This repository only provides the tif data of this paper. All the codes could be accessed from GitHub: https://github.com/LidongMo/GlobalWoodDensityProject</p>
Options to improve the carbon balance of the harvested wood products sector in four EU countries
<p>Harvested Wood Products (HWP) may contribute to climate change mitigation by storing carbon and by replacing energy-intensive materials and fossil energy, reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. However, when assessing improved HWP utilizations, interactions between wood use pathways, the carbon stock dynamics, and the resulting effect on the GHG balance are still not well understood. This research aims to assess the carbon sequestration effects of alternative wood product utilizations in four EU countries. We conducted a material flow analysis of wood uses in France, Finland, Germany, and Spain for 2017 taking into account national production, imports, and exports. Then, we quantified the future dynamics of carbon stock in the HWP through time, assuming the same as in 2017 input and ignoring the forest sink. We then ran six alternative scenarios: two energy-focused (Energy, Energy+), two material-focused (Cascading, Material), one with extended half-life of the wood products (HL) and one as business as usual (BAU). For the simulation period (2020–2050), the Material scenario leads to the highest mitigation benefits with a cumulative HWP net carbon accumulation of -502 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> for Germany, -290 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> for France, -118 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> for Spain, and -116 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> for Finland over the 30 years. The Energy+ scenario with an increase in wood usage for bioenergy generates a loss of the HWP pool of 351, 80, 77, and 6 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> for the same countries, not accounting for energy substitution effects. Overall, our results suggest that the HWP carbon stock can be increased in the short-medium term by prioritising the use of wood for material purposes, while maintaining constant harvest. The HWP mitigation potential differed greatly according to national wood industry characteristics. Hence, tailoring the HWP mitigation strategies to the specific characteristics of the national wood chain would enhance the HWP climate benefits.</p>
Options to improve the carbon balance of the harvested wood products sector in four EU countries
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Variable influence of photosynthetic thermal acclimation on future carbon uptake in Australian wooded ecosystems under climate change
<p><span>Climate change will impact gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), and carbon storage in wooded ecosystems. The extent of change will be influenced by thermal acclimation of photosynthesis – the ability of plants to adjust net photosynthetic rates in response to growth temperatures – yet regional differences in acclimation effects among wooded ecosystems are currently unknown. We examined the effects of changing climate on 17 Australian wooded ecosystems with and without the effects of thermal acclimation of C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis. Ecosystems were drawn from five ecoregions (tropical savanna, tropical forest, Mediterranean woodlands, temperate woodlands, and temperate forests) that span Australia's climatic range. We used the CABLE-POP land surface model adapted with thermal acclimation functions and forced with HadGEM2-ES climate projections from RCP8.5. For each site and ecoregion, we examined a) effects of climate change on GPP, NPP, and live tree carbon storage; and b) impacts of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis on simulated changes. Between the end of the historical (1976–2005) and projected (2070–2099) periods, simulated annual carbon uptake increased in the majority of ecosystems by 26.1 to 63.3% for GPP and 15 to 61.5% for NPP. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis further increased GPP and NPP in tropical savannas by 27.2% and 22.4% and by 11% and 10.1% in tropical forests with positive effects concentrated in the wet season (tropical savannas) and the warmer months (tropical forests). We predicted minimal effects of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis on GPP, NPP and carbon storage in Mediterranean woodlands, temperate woodlands and temperate forests. Overall, positive effects were strongly enhanced by increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations under RCP8.5. We conclude that the direct effects of climate change will enhance carbon uptake and storage in Australian wooded ecosystems (likely due to CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment) and that benefits of thermal acclimation of photosynthesis will be restricted to tropical ecoregions.</span></p>
Size-dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape
<p>There is increasing evidence that intraspecific trait variation plays a role in governing rates of ecosystem functioning. While wood traits such as wood specific gravity (WSG) and wood carbon concentration (WCC) are key drivers of forest aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks, the sources of intraspecific variation in these wood traits and the consequences of this variation on AGC are poorly known, especially in the tropics.</p> <p>Here, we investigated intraspecific variation in wood specific gravity (WSG) and wood carbon concentration (WCC) from 556 individual trees belonging to 15 species that well characterize different successional stages of seasonal evergreen forests in Southeast Asia. Specifically, we tested the contribution of individual or species characteristics (tree size, growth rate and regeneration guilds) and local environmental conditions (topographic wetness index and successional stages) to intraspecific variation in WSG and WCC, and assessed the consequences of intraspecific variation in these wood traits on AGC estimates in 14 permanent forest plots established along a successional gradient in Khao Yai National park, Thailand.</p> <p>We found that tree size was the main driver of intraspecific variation in WSG and WCC as tree sizes increased from 10−100 cm in diameter, WSG increased by 7.3%, while WCC increased by 2.4% in heartwood, 1.6% and 2.7% in sapwood without and with volatile carbon included. There was no effect of the topographic wetness and other local environment condition in wood traits led to a slight overestimation of AGC in young secondary forests (+0.09 to +1.29%) and a small underestimation in older forests (-0.86 to -2.87%), but overall AGC estimates (13 of 14 forest plots) remained within error margins (the 95% interval).</p> <p>Our study provides evidence that tree size variation translates into intraspecific variability in wood traits, whereas local environmental conditions related to topography successional stages had no effect on wood trait variability. While size-dependent variation in WSG and WCC have largely been undocumented and thus ignored in forest carbon assessment approaches, we highlight that it has a limited impact on AGC estimates, indicating that it does not invalidate current forest carbon stock estimation approaches. </p>
Syngas conversion into higher alcohols via bio-based CuCo-wood carbon catalyst
<p>yngas conversion to higher alcohols (HAS) is a promising way of converting coal or biomass into liquid fuels. However, the high cost, low activity, and selectivity of C2+OH hinder the commercialization of this process. Herein, we investigate the stability and selectivity of low-cost Cu/Co carbon wood (CW) catalysts. We noticed that the nucleation of Cu/Co nanoparticles was influenced by different water–1,2-propylene glycol ratios in the solution, where two sizes of nanoparticles were observed. The optimal catalyst displayed a high CO conversion of 74.8% and selectivity of 58.7% for C2+OH, which is mainly linear primary alcohol. Besides the best-performing catalyst was tested under industrial conditions, where high stability and selectivity were maintained for up to 350 h. In addition, selectivity was analyzed using Density functional theory (DFT) insights to identify the binding strength of CO, which can further react to form CH3OH. As well as the route of CHx and CO coupling which eventually produces C2H5OH. High performance with a computational understanding of the Cu/Co-carbon wood catalyst will open new possibilities for developing selective materials toward the production of higher alcohols. </p>
Variable influence of photosynthetic thermal acclimation on future carbon uptake in Australian wooded ecosystems under climate change
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Size-dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Imposing primary colonisation success of wood-decomposing fungi in birch wood alters microbiome composition and carbon release rates
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Methodological choices in size and density fractionation of soil carbon reserves – A case study on wood fiber sludge amended soils
<p>A myriad of methods is currently being applied in soil carbon research encompassing major variation in the basic principles and minor variation in details. The most proper method is dependent on the research question and soil type, wherefore a consensus will likely never be reached, and it is difficult to label any method inappropriate. Both the fundamental and the subtle choices in methodology affect the results, wherefore increasing the method-related understanding of soil, agricultural and environmental scientists is of utmost importance. In scientific literature, methods are often not thoroughly presented, let alone reasoned. With this data, we discuss methodological choices in soil carbon fractionation. In addition, our case study follows the effects of pulp mill sludge amendments on soil carbon in a Luvic Stagnosol and Dystric Arenosol. Organic materials are being applied to soil to increase productivity and soil carbon storage. Our results show the difficulties of accumulating carbon in the stable, mineral associated pool, when the carbon content is initially relatively high, and the sorption capacity of the mineral phase already largely occupied. </p>
The global distribution and drivers of wood density across angiosperms and gymnosperms and their impact on forest carbon stocks (Data and Plots)
<p>Abstract:</p> <div>The density of wood is a key indicator of trees’ carbon investment strategies, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here, we analyze information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially-explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to ~30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.</div> <div> </div> <p>This repository only provides the folders of 'Data' and 'Plots' that are needed for for the repository on GitHub: https://github.com/LidongMo/GlobalWoodDensityProject</p>
TimberTracer: A Comprehensive Framework for the Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration by Forest Management and Substitution of Harvested Wood Products.
<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong></p> <p>Harvested wood products (HWPs) have a pivotal role in climate change mitigation, a recognition solidified in many Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Integrating HWPs' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals into accounting requirements relies on typical decision-oriented tools known as wood product models (WPMs). The study introduces the 'TimberTracer' (TT) framework, designed to simulate HWP carbon stock, substitution effects, and emissions from wood decay and bioenergy. </p> <p><strong><em>Results</em></strong></p> <p>Coupled with the 3D-CMCC-FEM forest growth model, <em>TimberTracer </em>was applied to Laricio Pine (<em>Pinus nigra</em> subsp. <em>laricio</em>) in Italy's Bonis watershed, evaluating three forest management practices (clearcut, selective thinning, and shelterwood) and four wood-use scenarios (business as usual, increased recycling rate, extended average lifespan, and a simultaneous increase in both the recycling rate and the average lifespan) over a 140-year planning horizon, to assess the overall carbon balance of HWPs. Furthermore, this study evaluates the consequences of disregarding landfill methane emissions and relying on static substitution factors, assessing their impact on the mitigation potential of various options. This investigation, covering HWPs stock, carbon (C) emissions, and the substitution effect, revealed that selective thinning emerged as the optimal forest management scenario. Additionally, the simultaneous increase in both the recycling rate and the half-life time proved to be the optimal wood-use scenario. Finally, the analysis shows that failing to account for landfill methane emissions and the use of dynamic substitution can significantly overestimate the mitigation potential of various forest management and wood-use options, which underscores the critical importance of a comprehensive accounting in climate mitigation strategies involving HWPs.</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong></p> <p>Our study highlights the critical role of harvested wood products (HWPs) in climate change mitigation, as endorsed by multiple Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Utilizing the 'TimberTracer' framework coupled with the 3D-CMCC-FEM forest growth model, we identified selective thinning as the optimal forest management practice. Additionally, enhancing recycling rates and extending product lifespans effectively bolstered the carbon balance. Moreover, this study emphasizes the necessity of accounting for landfill methane emissions and dynamic product substitution, as failing to do so may significantly overestimate the mitigation potential of implemented projects. These findings offer actionable insights to optimize forest management strategies and advance climate change mitigation efforts.</p>
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