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Fig. 12 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 12. Apostolepis dimidiata (Jan, 1862), putative sister-species of Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, adult specimen from Estação Ecológica Santa Bárbara, São Paulo, Brazil. Photograph credit: Giordano Rossi.

Fig. 11 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 11. Lateral (A, E), medial (B, F), dorsal (C, G), and ventral (D, H) views of the lower jaw based on μCT imagery. A–D. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, holotype (MCP 8355). E–H. A. cerradoensis Lema, 2003, holotype (MCP 15219). Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: AN = angular; CP = compound bone; D = dentary; DPD = dorsal process of dentary; PCR = prearticular crest of compound bone; RP = retroarticular process of compound bone; SAC = surangular crest of compound bone; SP = splenial; VDP = ventral process of dentary.

Fig. 10 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 10. Anterior (A, C) and posterior (B, D) views of the skull and lower jaw based on μCT imagery. A–B. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, holotype (MCP 8355). C–D. A. cerradoensis Lema, 2003, holotype (MCP 15219). Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: AN = angular; BO = basioccipital; BS = basisphenoid; CP = compound bone; D = dentary; EXO = exoccipital; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; P = parietal; PAL = palatine; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PRO = prootic; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX = septomaxilla; SO = supraoccipital; SP = splenial; ST = supratemporal.

Fig. 9 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 9. Dorsal (A, D), lateral (B, E), and ventral (C, F) views of the skull based on μCT imagery. A–C. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, holotype (MCP 8355). D–F. A. cerradoensis Lema, 2003, holotype (MCP 15219). Different skull elements are digitally colored and the mandible is removed for better visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; BS = basisphenoid; ECP = ectopterygoid; EXO = exoccipital; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; P = parietal; PAL = palatine; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PRO = prootic; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX = septomaxilla; SO = supraoccipital; ST = supratemporal; V = vomer.

Fig. 8 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 8. Consensus topology of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 BI and ML phylogenetic relationships, support given in Bootstrap (top,> 80) for maximum likelihood inference and Consensus Support (bottom,> 80) for Bayesian inference. Scale bar = molecular distance. Inset photograph: Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 by Luís Felipe Carvalho de Lima.

Fig. 6. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 6. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, sexual dimorphism in morphometric (SVL, TL) and meristic (ventrals, subcaudals) characters. Outliers are indicated as circles, A. cerradoensis Lema, 2003 holotype indicated as red star.

Fig. 7 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 7. Geographic distribution of Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. A. Total range, with minimum convex polygon representing extent of occurrence. B. Natural habitat remnants and land use and land cover changes (collection 4, MapBiomas 2021) within the range of A. albicollaris. C. Fire frequency between 2005 and 2015 (collection 1, MapBiomas 2021) within the range of A. albicollaris. D. Protected areas (ICMBio 2021) within the range of A. albicollaris.

Fig. 5. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 5. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, hemipenis. Sulcate and asulcate sides. Drawings: Arthur Tiutenko.

Fig. 4 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 4. Similar red species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862. A–F. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 in life, adult individuals from Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. G–H. Apostolepis dimidiata (Jan, 1862) in life, adult individual from Laguna Blanca, San Pedro, Paraguay. I–J. Apostolepis quirogai Giraudo & Scrocchi, 1998 in life, adult individual from Misiones, Argentina. Photograph credits: Cyro de Sousa Bernardes (A, C–D), Luís Felipe Carvalho de Lima (E–F), Jean-Paul Brouard (G–H), Amado Martínez (I–J), and Gabriel Horta (B).

Fig. 3. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 3. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, holotype (MCP 15219) from Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil. Head scalation. Drawings: Arthur Tiutenko.

Fig. 1 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 1. Degrees of morphological variation in dorsal and ventral view, of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 from the Cerrado. A. Apostolepis albicollaris Lema, 2002, holotype from Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (MCP 8355). B. Apostolepis albicollaris, specimen from Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil (IBSP 092627). C. Apostolepis cerradoensis Lema, 2003, holotype from Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil (MCP 15219). Notice the varying degrees of ventral melanism polymorphism, ranging from uniformly black, to black and cream, and uniformly cream. Photograph credits: Douglas Sebben (A, C), Rafael P. Benetti (B). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 2. Apostolepis albicollarisLema, 2002 in Unveiling an enigma from the Cerrado: taxonomic revision of two sympatric species of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini) from central Brazil

Fig. 2. Apostolepis albicollarisLema, 2002, coloration in life and polymorphism. Holotype of A. albicollaris from Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (MCP 8355) (top). Holotype of Apostolepis cerradoensis Lema, 2003 from Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil (MCP 15219) (bottom). Drawings: Arthur Tiutenko.

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Fig. 1 in Aspects of reproduction and sexual dimorphism of Lygophis flavifrenatus (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae)

Fig. 1. Monthly variation in largest diameter (in millimeters) of the largest follicles (black circles) and eggs (white circles) of Lygophis flavifrenatus Cope, 1862 from Brazil. The horizontal line indicates the size from which follicles were considered as being in secondary vitellogenesis (secondary follicles).

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Distribution and identification of the species in the genus Helicops Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Distribution and identification of the species in the genus Helicops Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/07dc09bc-1a14-4846-b1f2-0ebba83ed4ad">https://bionomia.net/dataset/07dc09bc-1a14-4846-b1f2-0ebba83ed4ad</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/07dc09bc-1a14-4846-b1f2-0ebba83ed4ad">https://gbif.org/dataset/07dc09bc-1a14-4846-b1f2-0ebba83ed4ad</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

FIG. 8 in A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae

FIG. 8. Examples of field-everted hemipenes showing diminution (A) or loss (B–C) of distal forks after expansion of capitulum. Pliable tissue separating the sulcus branches before eversion is stretched flat in B and C. (Scale line = 1 mm.) A. Leptodeira annulata cussiliris (AMNH R-107291, right organ); fork slightly widened (cf., fig. 7B), with very short branch terminations concealed in calyces. B. Leptodeira annulata annulata (AMNH R-133340, right organ); a pronounced fork on field-everted organ expanded into this shape after softening in KOH and injection with petroleum jelly (shape is triangular, the heart-shaped appearance imparted by overhanging calyces at top). C. Leptodeira maculata (AMNH R-82150, right organ), showing extreme flattening and loss of terminal fork.

FIG. 2. Enicognathus melanauchen Jan 1863 in A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae

FIG. 2. Enicognathus melanauchen Jan 1863. Lateral view of anterior body of holotype between ventral plates 17 and 27, ×7.9. Feeble keels are present on some dorsal scales in all rows, but are not discernible on many scales in rows 1–2.

FIG. 5 in A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae

FIG. 5. Hemipenis of Amnesteophis melanauchen (Jan 1863). Manually everted left organ of holotype of Enicognathus melanauchen, in sulcate (left), apical (top), and asulcate (right) views. (Basal half of organ is split and spread flat; the inflated distal half is fully everted but probably not maximally expanded.) The basally spinulate hemipenis is mostly spinose (spines emphasized by stippling); the spines are replaced on the small lobes by larger, soft flat- tened papillae; the unforked sulcus spermaticus extends centripetally to apex of the left lobe (sinistral sulcus) without entering a nude area in the lobular crotch; calyces are lacking (scale line = 1 mm).

FIG. 6 in A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae

FIG. 6. Portion of plate 1, livraison 16, in the Iconographie générale des ophidiens (Jan and Sordelli, 1866 [1860–1881]), shown 0.77× original folio size. 1. Syntype of Enicognathus occipitalis Jan 1863, now = Taeniophallus occipitalis. 2. Holotype of Enicognathus melanauchen Jan 1863, type species of Amnesteophis as proposed herein (see also figs. 1–3 and text for comments on faded color pattern).

FIG. 4 in A New Genus and New Tribe for Enicognathus melanauchen Jan, 1863, a Neglected South American Snake (Colubridae: Xenodontinae), with Taxonomic Notes on Some Dipsadinae

FIG. 4. Maxillary dentition of Amnesteophis melanauchen (Jan 1863). Right maxilla of holotype of Enicognathus melanauchen in lateral and ventral views (scale line = 1 mm).