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10 results for “Yule”
Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins
Yulee Sugar Mill Ruins located in Homosassa, Florida is managed by the Florida Park Service. This mill, owned by David Levy Yulee, is one of the best preserved examples of 19th century sugar mills in the state. The mill remains seen today are only a small portion of what was once a 5000 acre plantation situated along the Homosassa River. The mill operated between 1851 and 1864, and was a supplier of sugar and other products to Confederate troops during the American Civil War. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Yule Goat
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.alectoTemminck,1837—Sulawesi,includingSelayarI. P.a.aterrimusMatschie,1899—EJava,Bawean,andLombokIs.Theserecordshavenotbeenconfirmedrecently. P. a. gouldii Peters, 1868 — N & E Australia (including several islands on the N & E coasts: Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, Torres Strait, Magnetic, Carlisle, Percy, North Keppel, and Fraser) and coastal plain of S New Guinea (Western and Central provinces in P.a. New Guinea); in P.a. New Guinea it might also occur in Gulf Province and offshore islands off S coast E to Yule I. P a. morio K. Andersen, 1908 — Lesser Sundas (Sumba and Savu Is). in Pteropodidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.alectoTemminck,1837—Sulawesi,includingSelayarI. P.a.aterrimusMatschie,1899—EJava,Bawean,andLombokIs.Theserecordshavenotbeenconfirmedrecently. P. a. gouldii Peters, 1868 — N & E Australia (including several islands on the N & E coasts: Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, Torres Strait, Magnetic, Carlisle, Percy, North Keppel, and Fraser) and coastal plain of S New Guinea (Western and Central provinces in P.a. New Guinea); in P.a. New Guinea it might also occur in Gulf Province and offshore islands off S coast E to Yule I. P a. morio K. Andersen, 1908 — Lesser Sundas (Sumba and Savu Is).
Clinical Trial of Qizhu Yuling Prescription in the Prevention and Treatment of Esophagus Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05626309. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Diversity, disparity, and evolutionary rate estimation for unresolved Yule trees
The branching structure of biological evolution confers statistical dependencies on phenotypic trait values in related organisms. For this reason, comparative macroevolutionary studies usually begin with an inferred phylogeny that describes the evolutionary relationships of the organisms of interest. The probability of the observed trait data can be computed by assuming a model for trait evolution, such as Brownian motion, over the branches of this fixed tree. However, the phylogenetic tree itself contributes statistical uncertainty to estimates of other evolutionary quantities, and many comparative evolutionary biologists regard the tree as a nuisance parameter. In this paper, we present a framework for analytically integrating over unknown phylogenetic trees in comparative evolutionary studies by assuming that the tree arises from a continuous-time Markov branching model called the Yule process. To do this, we derive a closed-form expression for the distribution of phylogenetic diversity, which is the sum of branch lengths connecting a set of taxa. We then present a generalization of phylogenetic diversity which is equivalent to the expected trait disparity in a set of taxa whose evolutionary relationships are generated by a Yule process and whose traits evolve by Brownian motion. We derive expressions for the distribution of expected trait disparity under a Yule tree. Given one or more observations of trait disparity in a clade, we perform fast likelihood-based estimation of the Brownian variance for unresolved clades. Our method does not require simulation or a fixed phylogenetic tree. We conclude with a brief example illustrating Brownian rate estimation for thirteen taxonomic families in order Carnivora, in which the phylogenetic tree for each family is unresolved.
Data from: Delimiting species using single-locus data and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent approach: a revised method and evaluation on simulated data sets
DNA barcoding-type studies assemble single-locus data from large samples of individuals and species, and have provided new kinds of data for evolutionary surveys of diversity. An important goal of many such studies is to delimit evolutionarily significant species units, especially in biodiversity surveys from environmental DNA samples. The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) method is a likelihood method for delimiting species by fitting within- and between-species branching models to reconstructed gene trees. Although the method has been widely used, it has not previously been described in detail or evaluated fully against simulations of alternative scenarios of true patterns of population variation and divergence between species. Here, we present important reformulations to the GMYC method as originally specified, and demonstrate its robustness to a range of departures from its simplifying assumptions. The main factor affecting the accuracy of delimitation is the mean population size of species relative to divergence times between them. Other departures from the model assumptions, such as varying population sizes among species, alternative scenarios for speciation and extinction, and population growth or subdivision within species, have relatively smaller effects. Our simulations demonstrate that support measures derived from the likelihood function provide a robust indication of when the model performs well and when it leads to inaccurate delimitations. Finally, the so-called single-threshold version of the method outperforms the multiple-threshold version of the method on simulated data: we argue that this might represent a fundamental limit due to the nature of evidence used to delimit species in this approach. Together with other studies comparing its performance relative to other methods, our findings support the robustness of GMYC as a tool for delimiting species when only single-locus information is available.
Data from: Detecting evolutionarily significant units above the species level using the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent method
1. There is renewed interest in inferring evolutionary history by modelling diversification rates using phylogenies. Understanding the performance of the methods used under different scenarios is essential for assessing empirical results. Recently we introduced a new approach for analysing broadscale diversity patterns, using the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) method to test for the existence of evolutionarily significant units above the species (higher ESUs). This approach focuses on identifying clades as well as estimating rates and we refer to it as clade-dependent. However, the ability of the GMYC to detect the phylogenetic signature of higher ESUs has not been fully explored, nor has it been placed in the context of other, clade-independent approaches. 2. We simulated >32,000 trees under two clade-independent models: constant-rate birth-death (CRBD) and variable-rate birth-death (VRBD), using parameter estimates from nine empirical trees and more general parameter values. The simulated trees were used to evaluate scenarios under which GMYC might incorrectly detect the presence of higher ESUs. 3. The GMYC null model was rejected at a high rate on CRBD-simulated trees. This would lead to spurious inference of higher ESUs. However, the support for the GMYC model was significantly greater in most of the empirical clades than expected under a CRBD process. Simulations with empirically derived parameter values could therefore be used to exclude CRBD as an explanation for diversification patterns. In contrast, a VRBD process could not be ruled out as an alternative explanation for the apparent signature of hESUs in the empirical clades, based on the GMYC method alone. Other metrics of tree shape, however, differed notably between the empirical and VRBD-simulated trees. These metrics could be used in future to distinguish clade-dependent and clade-independent models. 4. In conclusion, detection of higher ESUs using the GMYC is robust against some clade-independent models, as long as simulations are used to evaluate these alternatives, but not against others. The differences between clade-dependent and clade-independent processes are biologically interesting, but most current models focus on the latter. We advocate more research into clade-dependent models for broad diversity patterns.
Data from: Delimiting species using single-locus data and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent approach: a revised method and evaluation on simulated data sets
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Data from: Diversity, disparity, and evolutionary rate estimation for unresolved Yule trees
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Detecting evolutionarily significant units above the species level using the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent method
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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OpenNeuro
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