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88 results for “Zingiberales”
Data From: Inflorescence and flower development in Orchidantha chinensis T. L. Wu (Lowiaceae; Zingiberales): similarities to inflorescence structure in the Strelitziaceae
<p>The monotypic Lowiaceae remains the least known family in the plant order Zingiberales, yet it holds an important key to unraveling the phylogenetic placement of the families Musaceae, Heliconiaceae, Strelitziaceae, and Lowiaceae. After nine phylogenetic studies the (Lowiaceae, Strelitziaceae) clade is the only stable clade that has emerged in this half of the order. This study was undertaken to verify the unusual inflorescence and flower structure in Orchidantha, and to search for new characters that might be used in future phylogenetic analyses. We describe both inflorescence and flower development in a previously unstudied species, confirm inflorescence morphology in the genus, and compare the structure of the inflorescence in the Lowiaceae with that of the Strelitziaceae, its potential sister group. </p> <p>The inflorescence of Orchidantha is born at the end of a vegetative shoot and is composed of two lateral branches that each bear four bracts and a single flower, before aborting. The fourth bract and its associated flower form the highly reduced flower cluster (florescence) that characterizes this genus. In technical terms Orchidantha has a polytelic synflorescence that lacks a main florescence (it has a truncated polytelic synflorescence) and bears solitary flowers in coflorescences on determinate enriching branches. The enriching branches produce a fixed number of bracts before aborting (i.e., they are special paracladia). Many of these features are shared with the Strelitziaceae.</p> <p>Similarities between the Lowiaceae and Strelitziaceae include inflorescence structure, the presence of a long prolongation of the ovary, and a delay in the formation of the third sepal during flower development, a character that is also shared with the Musaceae. Inflorescence and flower structure is now well established in this small, but important family.</p>
Fig. 4 in Feeding behavior and activity period of three Neotropical bat species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences (Zingiberales: Musaceae)
Fig. 4. Activity period of (A) two glossophagine species (Anoura caudifer + Glossophaga soricina) and Phyllostomus discolor on Musa paradisiaca inflorescence, and of (B) two approaching strategies (upside landing and hovering) performed by two glossophagine species in an orchard located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Feeding behavior and activity period of three Neotropical bat species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences (Zingiberales: Musaceae)
Fig. 3. Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) with its wings completely open and its head directed toward the flowers performing the downside landing strategy on the banana inflorescence in an orchard located in the state of SÃo Paulo, Brazil. Photo: Wilson Uieda.
Fig. 2 in Feeding behavior and activity period of three Neotropical bat species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences (Zingiberales: Musaceae)
Fig. 2. Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) with its wings folded alongside the body performing the upside landing strategy on the banana inflorescence in an orchard located in the state of SÃo Paulo, Brazil. Photo: Wilson Uieda.
Fig. 1 in Feeding behavior and activity period of three Neotropical bat species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences (Zingiberales: Musaceae)
Fig. 1. Anoura caudifer (É. Geoffroy, 1818) with its snout partially inserted in floral tube performing the hovering strategy on the banana inflorescence in an orchard located in the state of SÃo Paulo, Brazil. Photo: Wilson Uieda.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Colección de Vitales, Zingiberales y Zygophyllales del Museo Botánico CORD - IMBIV.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Colección de Vitales, Zingiberales y Zygophyllales del Museo Botánico CORD - IMBIV". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9dc691a2-f5f0-4688-b750-754038daea42">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9dc691a2-f5f0-4688-b750-754038daea42</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9dc691a2-f5f0-4688-b750-754038daea42">https://gbif.org/dataset/9dc691a2-f5f0-4688-b750-754038daea42</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data From: Inflorescence and flower development in Orchidantha chinensis T. L. Wu (Lowiaceae; Zingiberales): similarities to inflorescence structure in the Strelitziaceae
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Evolutionary history constrains heat tolerance of native and exotic tropical Zingiberales
<p><span>Tropical wet forest plants experience relatively stable temperatures throughout the year. However, tropical forests represent a mosaic of habitats characterized by different temperatures. Heat tolerances are expected to be adapted to temperatures specific to their habitats. Although the heat tolerance of species sharing similar environments is expected to be similar, it is also possible that heat tolerance is constrained by evolutionary history because closely related species usually display similar physiologies. When exotic species are introduced to novel communities, colonization may be facilitated by their previous adaptation to high temperatures and other physiological, genetic, and demographic traits, which may grant them some competitive advantage. Increasing temperatures may represent a strong environmental filter affecting community assembly, and higher heat tolerances could facilitate the persistence of exotic species in novel environments. </span></p> <p><span>Using a community of 32 native and 7 exotic Zingiberales species from different tropical habitats in Costa Rica, Central America, we aim to answer the following questions: a) does evolutionary history constrain heat tolerance? b) do plants in the same habitat display similar heat tolerances? c) do the heat tolerances of exotic species differ from those of native species?</span></p> <p><span>We measured temperature-dependent changes in photosynthetic fluorescence to determine the temperature at which the first sign of damage to photosystem II is observed (T<sub>15</sub>), and the temperature at which the fluorescence of photosystem II is reduced by 50% (T<sub>50</sub>). Using a community phylogeny, we tested for phylogenetic signals in T<sub>15</sub> and T<sub>50</sub>. In addition, we tested for differences in heat tolerance among Zingiberales from old growth, secondary forests, and open areas, as well as between native and exotic species.</span></p> <p><span>Our results support a) a significant phylogenetic signal (Pagel's λ) for both T<sub>15</sub> and T<sub>50</sub>, b) communities from open areas displayed similar photosynthetic heat tolerance compared to species from old growth and secondary forests, c) exotic Zingiberales are marginally tolerant to high temperatures than native species, but only for T<sub>15</sub>. Our results suggest that evolutionary history constraints heat responses of native and exotic Zingiberales in a warming world.</span></p>
Evolutionary history constrains heat tolerance of native and exotic tropical Zingiberales
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FIGURE 4A-K. Phytotelmatrichis osopaddington. A in Phytotelmatrichis, a new genus of Acrotrichinae (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) associated with the phytotelmata of Zingiberales plants in Peru
FIGURE 4A-K. Phytotelmatrichis osopaddington. A, habitus dorsal view; B, habitus ventral view; C, antennomeres 3-11; D, mentum and submentum; E, aedeagus dorsal and side views; F, spermatheca; G, mesoventrum x360; H, metaventrum x360; I, male ventrite six; J, male pygidium; K, female ventrite six.
FIGURE 3A–G. Phytotelmatrichis peruviensis. A in Phytotelmatrichis, a new genus of Acrotrichinae (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) associated with the phytotelmata of Zingiberales plants in Peru
FIGURE 3A–G. Phytotelmatrichis peruviensis. A, wing; B, mentum and submentum x725; C, male ventrite six; D, protarsus X1580; E, metascutellum showing lateral spine/spur; F, spermatheca; G, mesoventrum; H, female pygidium.
FIGURE 2A–E. Phytotelmatrichis peruviensis. A in Phytotelmatrichis, a new genus of Acrotrichinae (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) associated with the phytotelmata of Zingiberales plants in Peru
FIGURE 2A–E. Phytotelmatrichis peruviensis. A, habitus dorsal view; B, habitus ventral view; C, antennomeres 3–11; D, spermatheca; E, aedeagus dorsal and side views; F, mesoventrum 92; G, metaventrum x292; H, elytral epipleuron x.605.
FIGURE 1A–K in Phytotelmatrichis, a new genus of Acrotrichinae (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) associated with the phytotelmata of Zingiberales plants in Peru
FIGURE 1A–K. Zingiberales host plants of Phytotelmatrichis in southern Peru. A, Calathea lutea Schult (Marantaceae; photo: J.R. Jalinsky); B, C. lutea inflorescence (photo: T. Förster); C, C. lutea, looking into intact leaf roll beetles on surface (photo: C.S.Chaboo); D, Heliconia stricta Hubner (Heliconiaceae; photo: T. Förster); E, H. stricta, bract with flowers and pool of water; F, Alpinia purpurata (Vieillard) K. Schumann (Zingiberaceae, photo C.S.Chaboo); G, A. purpurata, inflorescence red form (photo: S. Hirschey); H–I, A. purpurata pink form (photo S. Hirschey); J, Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav) Poepp. & Endl. (Zingiberaceae, photo: A. Lamb); K. R. thyrsoidea fruit and inflorescence (photo: S. Hirschey).
FIGURE 42 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 42. Representative examples of the caterpillars of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Gorgyra mocquerysii, Acada biseriata, Parosmodes morantii, Acleros mackenii, Platylesches moritili, Andronymus caesar, Melphinyet tarace, Platylesches galesa, Platylesches robustus, Ploetzia amygdalis, Zophopetes dysmephila, Gretna carmen, Gretna cylinda, Gretna balenge (© Dirk Motshagen), Pteroteinon concaenira, Leona maracanda, Caenides dacela, Astictopterus stellata, Prosopalpus styla, Kedestes callicles, Ceratrichia semlikensis, Pardaleodes bule, Ankola fan, Perrotia albiplaga, Chondrolepis leggei, Monza alberti, Gamia shelleyi, Artitropa usambarae, Semalea arela, Hypoleucis ophiusa, Caenides dacena, Moltena fiara. See the relevant part of this series for details.
FIGURE 43 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 43. Representative examples of the pupae of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Gorgyra mocquerysii, Acada biseriata, Parosmodes morantii, Melphinyet flavina, Meza larea (specimen in The Natural History Museum, London), Acleros mackenii, Andronymus caesar, Platylesches moritili, Zophopetes quaternata, Gretna carmen, Gretna balenge, Pteroteinon caenira, Leona maracanda, Caenides dacela, Kedestes wallengrenii, Pardaleodes tibullus, Ankola fan, Perrotia albiplaga, Chondrolepis leggei, Monza cretacea, Gamia buchholzi, Artitropa usambarae, Semalea arela, Hypoleucis ophiusa, Xanthodisca vibius, Caenides dacena, Osmodes adon, Gretna cylinda, Moltena fiara. See the relevant part of this series for details.
FIGURE 41 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 41. Representative examples of the ova of the genera of Afrotropical Hesperiinae incertae sedis. The species are Parosmodes morantii, Platylesches moritili, Semalea pulvina, Acleros mackenii, Erionota torus, Zophopetes dysmephila, Pteroteinon concaenira, Leona maracanda, Artitropa sp. SCC01, Andronymus caesar, Gretna balenge, Astictopterus stellata, Ceratrichia semlikensis, Gorgyra bibulus. See the relevant part of this series for details, except the image of E. torus was cropped from a photograph by P. Manoj (©, see acknowledgements).
FIGURE 38 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 38. Caterpillars of Moltena fiara collected on Strelitzia nicolai, south coast of Durban, South Africa, photographed 30 Mar 2004 [SCC]. 1, penultimate instar, dorsal view; 2, final instar, detail of head, anterolateral view; 3, final instar, dorsal view; 4, final instar, lateral view.
FIGURE 39 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 39. Pupa of Moltena fiara, collected on Strelitzia nicolai, south coast of Durban, South Africa, photographed 23 Apr 2004 [SCC]. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view.
FIGURE 40 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 40. Adults of Paracleros biguttulus. 1, male at rest, Kakamega Forest, 5 Apr 1990 (vouchered, 90.12.30); 2, female feeding at Justicia flava, Kakamega Forest, 19 Jul 1990 (vouchered, 90.17.33).
FIGURE 37 in Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis
FIGURE 37. Emerged pupa of Gretna cylinda, collected on Marantachloa sp., Entebbe, Uganda, 1 Oct 1990; MJWC 90/212; 20mm; frontal plate missing. 1, dorsolateral view; 2, lateral view; 3, dorsolateral view, A1–A4, thorax to top, indicating the unusual structures of unknown origin and function (see text).
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