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14 results for “actuarial senescence”
Actuarial senescence progresses similarly across sites and species in four boreal orchids
<p>Whole-plant senescence, defined as a decrease in individual fitness as an organism grows older, has often been assumed to not occur in plants; however, it has now been detected in a range of plant taxa. Still, reported senescence patterns vary substantially, and it remains unknown how consistent patterns are within phylogenetic groups and how they may be affected by environmental factors. Plants show a high diversity in life-history traits within phylogenetic groups and environments, but shared traits amongst related species are also common, making both diverse and similar patterns probable. </p> <p>Here, we explore how mortality changes with advancing age in four closely related species (<em>Dactylorhiza incarnata</em>, <em>D. lapponica</em>, <em>D. maculata</em>, and<em> Gymnadenia conopsea</em>) across two sites in Norway: the coastal Nordmarka and inland Sølendet. Using data collected over 34 years, following more than 2500 individual plants, we conduct Bayesian survival trajectory analysis to assess mortality age-trajectories.</p> <p> A simple Weibull model, illustrating increasing mortality at a decelerating rate with age, was the best fit for all species at both sites. From these models, we calculate rates of senescence and compare them using Kullback-Leibler divergences, finding no notable differences in rates between species or sites.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our findings suggest that actuarial senescence, an increase in mortality with advancing age, may be common in orchids and show that demographic ageing can proceed similarly in closely related taxa across different environments.</p>
Data from: Multi-locus homozygosity promotes actuarial senescence in a wild mammal
<ol> <li>Genome-wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late life because natural selection will filter out negative impacts on younger individuals with greater reproductive value.</li> <li>Here we infer associations between multi-locus homozygosity, sex, disease, and age-dependent mortality risks using Bayesian analysis of the life histories of wild European badgers (<em>Meles</em> <em>meles</em>) in a population naturally infected with <em>Mycobacterium</em> <em>bovis</em> (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis).</li> <li>We find important effects of multi-locus homozygosity on all parameters of the Gompertz-Makeham mortality hazard function, but particularly in later-life.</li> <li>Our findings confirm the predicted association between genomic homozygosity and actuarial senescence. Increased homozygosity is particularly associated with an earlier onset, and greater rates of actuarial senescence, regardless of sex. The association between homozygosity and actuarial senescence is further amplified among badgers putatively infected with bovine tuberculosis.</li> <li>These results recommend further investigation into the ecological and behavioural processes that result in genome-wide homozygosity, and focused work on whether homozygosity is harmful or beneficial during early life-stages.</li> </ol>
Experimentally increased brood size accelerates actuarial senescence and increases subsequent reproductive effort in a wild bird population
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Data from: Multi-locus homozygosity promotes actuarial senescence in a wild mammal
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Actuarial senescence progresses similarly across sites and species in four boreal orchids
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Data from: Actuarial senescence in a dimorphic bird: different rates of aging in morphs with discrete reproductive strategies
It is often hypothesized that intra-sexual competition accelerates actuarial senescence, or the increase in mortality rates with age. However, an alternative hypothesis is that parental investment is more important to determining senescence rates. We used a unique model system, the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), to study variation in actuarial senescence. In this species, genetically-determined morphs display discrete mating strategies and disassortative pairing, providing an excellent opportunity to test the predictions of the above hypotheses. Compared to tan-striped males, white-striped males are more polygynous and aggressive, and less parental. Tan-striped females receive less parental support, and invest more into parental care than white-striped females, which are also more aggressive. Thus, higher senescence rates in males and white-striped birds would support the intra-sexual competition hypothesis, whereas higher senescence rates in females and tan-striped birds would support the parental investment hypothesis. White-striped males showed the lowest rate of actuarial senescence. Tan-striped females had the highest senescence rate, and tan-striped males and white-striped females showed intermediate, relatively equal rates. Thus, results were inconsistent with sexual selection and competitive strategies increasing senescence rates. Rather, results suggest that senescence may be accelerated by female-biased parental care, and lessened by sharing of parental duties.
Diversity, plasticity and asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence in the Collembola Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902)
<p>This spreadsheet contains the data that has been analysed in the paper entitled </p><p> Diversity, plasticity and asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence in the Collembola Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902)</p><p>Thomas Tully Original Research, Front. Ecol. Evol. - Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology </p><p>10.3389/fevo.2023.1112045<br> </p><p>220 isolated individuals of the Collembola Folsomia candida have been raised and followed until their death. The Collembola belong to 11 clonal lineages grouped into two distinct clades (A and B, see "Clones" sheet). Half of the Collembola have been raised in an environment where food was provided ad libitum (high food, "+"), while for the other half, food was available only one day per week (low food "-").</p><p>We report the age of death in the "Lifespan" sheet, together with the Collembola size at death, and their lifetime reproductive success.</p><p>We report the clutch size (number of eggs) of each clutch laid by each individual in the "Reproduction" sheet. For each clutch we have the Collembola size and for some of the clutches the mean egg size and proportion of sterile eggs. </p><p>In the "Egg_size" sheet we put all the egg size measurements that have been made (one line per egg measured). </p><p>In the "Cumulative_Fecundity" sheet, we have the age, fecundity and cumulative fecundity for each laying event and also for the individual death ("clutch number=0 for death). </p>
Data from: Slow life-history strategies are associated with negligible actuarial senescence in western Palearctic salamanders
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Testing Finch’s hypothesis: the role of organismal modularity on the escape from actuarial senescence
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Data from: Actuarial senescence in a dimorphic bird: different rates of aging in morphs with discrete reproductive strategies
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Data from: Actuarial senescence in a long-lived orchid challenges our current understanding of ageing
The dominant evolutionary theory of actuarial senescence—an increase in death rate with advancing age—is based on the concept of a germ cell line that is separated from the somatic cells early in life. However, such a separation is not clear in all organisms. This has been suggested to explain the paucity of evidence for actuarial senescence in plants. We used a 32 year study of Dactylorhiza lapponica that replaces its organs each growing season, to test whether individuals of this tuberous orchid senesce. We performed a Bayesian survival trajectory analysis accounting for reproductive investment, for individuals under two types of land use, in two climatic regions. The mortality trajectory was best approximated by a Weibull model, showing clear actuarial senescence. Rates of senescence in this model declined with advancing age, but were slightly higher in mown plots and in the more benign climatic region. At older ages, senescence was evident only when accounting for a positive effect of reproductive investment on mortality. Our results demonstrate actuarial senescence as well as a survival–reproduction trade-off in plants, and indicate that environmental context may influence senescence rates. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the evolution of demographic senescence and for models of plant population dynamics.
Data from: Early and adult social environments shape sex-specific actuarial senescence patterns in a cooperative breeder
Sociality modulates life history traits through changes in resource allocation to fitness-related traits. However, how social factors at different stages of the life cycle modulate senescence remains poorly understood. To address this question, we assessed the influence of social environment in both early life and adulthood on actuarial senescence in the Alpine marmot, a cooperative breeder. The influence of helpers on actuarial senescence strongly differed depending on when help was provided, and on the sex of the dominant. Being helped when adult slowed down senescence in both sexes. However, the effect of the presence of helpers the year of birth of a dominant was sex-specific. Among dominants helped during adulthood, females born in the presence of helpers senesced slower, whereas males senesced faster. Among dominants without helpers during adulthood, females with helpers at birth senesced faster. Social environment modulates senescence, but acts differently between sexes and life stages.
Data from: Early and adult social environments shape sex-specific actuarial senescence patterns in a cooperative breeder
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Data from: Actuarial senescence in a long-lived orchid challenges our current understanding of ageing
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