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11 results for “adaptive peak”
Hybridization alters the shape of the genotypic fitness landscape, increasing access to novel fitness peaks during adaptive radiation
<p>Estimating the complex relationship between fitness and genotype or phenotype (i.e. the adaptive landscape) is one of the central goals of evolutionary biology. However, adaptive walks connecting genotypes to organismal fitness, speciation, and novel ecological niches are still poorly understood and processes for surmounting fitness valleys remain controversial. One outstanding system for addressing these connections is a recent adaptive radiation of ecologically and morphologically novel pupfishes (a generalist, molluscivore, and scale-eater) endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing of 139 hybrids from two independent field fitness experiments to identify the genomic basis of fitness, estimate genotypic fitness networks, and measure the accessibility of adaptive walks on the fitness landscape. We identified 132 SNPs that were significantly associated with fitness in field enclosures. Six out of the 13 regions most strongly associated with fitness contained differentially expressed genes and fixed SNPs between trophic specialists; one gene (<em>mettl21e</em>) was also misexpressed in lab-reared hybrids, suggesting a potential intrinsic genetic incompatibility. We then constructed genotypic fitness networks from adaptive alleles and show that scale-eating specialists are the most isolated of the three species on these networks. Intriguingly, introgressed and<em> de novo</em> variants reduced fitness landscape ruggedness as compared to standing variation, increasing the accessibility of genotypic fitness paths from generalist to specialists. Our results suggest that adaptive introgression and <em>de novo</em> mutations alter the shape of the fitness landscape, providing key connections in adaptive walks circumventing fitness valleys and triggering the evolution of novelty during adaptive radiation.</p>
Data from: Mosaic adaptive peak shifts underlie body shape diversification in Pelagiaria fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha)
<p>Extreme body elongation in fishes is a major evolutionary transformation that extends the boundaries of morphological diversity and alters aspects of function, behavior, and ecology. Prior studies have identified features of the cranial and axial skeleton that characterize elongate fishes, but a lack of detailed reconstructions of anatomical evolution has limited inferences about factors that underlie major shifts in body shape. In this study, we fit multi-peak adaptive (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) evolutionary models to species body shape and anatomical dimensions in Pelagiaria, a radiation of open-ocean fishes whose species span a continuum from deep-bodied to highly elongate. We inferred an ancestral fusiform adaptive peak that is retained by several major pelagiarian lineages (e.g., Scombridae) and found robust support for multiple transitions to deep-bodied (in the families Stromateidae, Bramidae, and Caristiidae) and elongate-bodied optima (within Trichiuroidei), including two instances of sequential shifts toward increasingly elongate optima that followed distinct paths of anatomical evolution. Within Trichiuridae, initial increases in head length and vertebral number were followed by changes in head and vertebral shape. Within an elongate-bodied subclade of taxa traditionally identified as 'gempylids', shifts in head and vertebral shape as well as number of precaudal vertebrae preceded an increase in number of caudal vertebrae. Altogether, this mosaic of anatomical peak shifts suggests that body shape transformations were associated with differing selective demands and developmental changes.</p>
Hybridization alters the shape of the genotypic fitness landscape, increasing access to novel fitness peaks during adaptive radiation
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Data from: Mosaic adaptive peak shifts underlie body shape diversification in Pelagiaria fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha)
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Body shape transformations by alternate anatomical adaptive peak shifts in blenniiform fishes
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Data from: A multiple peak adaptive landscape based on feeding strategies and roosting ecology shaped the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in phyllostomid bats
We explored the evolution of morphological integration in the most noteworthy example of adaptive radiation in mammals, the New World leaf-nosed bats, using a massive dataset and by combining phylogenetic comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches. We demonstrated that the phenotypic covariance structure remained conserved on a broader phylogenetic scale but also showed a substantial divergence between inter-clade comparisons. Most of the phylogenetic structure in the integration space can be explained by splits at the beginning of the diversification of major clades. Our results provide evidence for a multiple peak adaptive landscape in the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation, based upon diet and roosting ecology. In this scenario, the successful radiation of phyllostomid bats was triggered by the diversification of dietary and roosting strategies, and the invasion of these new adaptive zones lead to changes in phenotypic covariance structure and average morphology. Our results suggest that intense natural selection preceded the invasion of these new adaptive zones and played a fundamental role in shaping cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in this hyper-diverse clade of mammals. Finally, our study demonstrates the power of combining comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches when investigating the evolution of complex morphologies.
Data from: Genetic signature of adaptive peak shift in threespine stickleback
Transition of an evolving population to a new adaptive optimum is predicted to leave a signature in the distribution of effect sizes of fixed mutations. If they affect many traits (are pleiotropic), large effect mutations should contribute more when a population evolves to a farther adaptive peak than to a nearer peak. We tested this prediction in wild threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by comparing the estimated frequency of large effect genetic changes underlying evolution as the same ancestor adapted to two lake types since the end of the ice age. A higher frequency of large effect genetic changes (quantitative trait loci) contributed to adaptive evolution in populations that adapted to lakes representing a more distant optimum than to lakes in which the optimum phenotype was nearer to the ancestral state. Our results also indicate that pleiotropy, not just optimum overshoot, contributes to this difference. These results suggest that a series of adaptive improvements to a new environment leaves a detectable mark in the genome of wild populations. Although not all assumptions of the theory are likely met in natural systems, the prediction may be robust enough to the complexities of natural environments to be useful when forecasting adaptive responses to large environmental changes.
Data from: Genetic signature of adaptive peak shift in threespine stickleback
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Data from: A multiple peak adaptive landscape based on feeding strategies and roosting ecology shaped the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in phyllostomid bats
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Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in the inflamed central nervous system, peak of disease expression data
GEO Series GSE107791. Mus musculus. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Supporting data for: The multi-peak adaptive landscape of crocodylomorph body size evolution
<p>Data supporting the manuscript "The multi-peak adaptive landscape of crocodylomorph body size evolution", currently in review at BMC Evolutionary Biology. The zip folder contains 3 documents (Additional files 1, 2, and 3) and 4 subfolders (Additional files 4, 5, 6, and 7):</p> <ul> <li>Additional files 1: Supplementary methods and results, including information on (1) total length estimation from cranial measurements, (2) supertree construction, (3) time bins used for time series correlations and disparity calculation, and (4) regression results tables of all correlation analyses performed.</li> <li>Additional files 2: Datasets with information on crocodylomorph body size (cranial measurements), palaeolatitude, specimens and lifestyle.</li> <li>Additional files 3: AICc scores of all models fitted in our macroevolutionary analyses.</li> <li>Additional files 4: Folder containing all plots of SURFACE model fits.</li> <li>Additional files 5: Folder containing cross plotting of all SURFACE model fits, using distinct time-scaling methods.</li> <li>Additional files 6: Folder containing alternative crocodylomorph trees and FAD (First Appearance Datum) and LAD (Last Appearance Datum) of all species used in our analyses.</li> <li>Additional files 7: Folder containing R functions and data for running an example script of our model-fitting analyses.</li> </ul>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.