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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Code and Data for: "Signs of local adaptation and phenotypic plastic response to elevation shifted between environmental backgrounds in Snapdragon plants"

Code and data for manuscript: "Signs of local adaptation and phenotypic plastic response to elevation shifted between environmental backgrounds in Snapdragon plants"

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

MAPWORMS - Mimicking Adaptation and Plasticity in WORMS

This is a video representing the MAPWORMS project.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data for: Adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or absent plasticity: Hidden caveats of reaction norms

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are transplanted into a different environment, and a number of trait values, potentially implicated in individuals' response to the new environment, are measured. However, the interpretations of reaction norms may differ depending on the nature of the assessed traits, which may not be known beforehand. For example, for traits that contribute to local adaptation, adaptive plasticity implies non-zero slopes of reaction norms. By contrast, for traits that are correlated to fitness, high tolerance to different environments (possibly due to adaptive plasticity in traits that contribute to adaptation) may, instead, result in flat reaction norms. Here we investigate reaction norms for adaptive versus fitness-correlated traits, and how they may affect the conclusions regarding the contribution of plasticity. To this end, we first simulate range expansion along an environmental gradient where plasticity evolves to different values locally and then perform reciprocal transplant experiments in silico. We show that reaction norms alone cannot inform us whether the assessed trait exhibits locally adaptive, maladaptive, neutral or no plasticity, without any additional knowledge of the traits assessed and species' biology. We use the insights from the model to analyse and interpret empirical data from reciprocal transplant experiments involving the marine isopod Idotea balthica sampled from two geographical locations with different salinities, concluding that the low-salinity population likely has reduced adaptive plasticity relative to the high-salinity population. Overall, we conclude that, when interpreting results from reciprocal transplant experiments, it is necessary to consider whether traits assessed are locally adaptive with respect to the environmental variable accounted for in the experiments, or correlated to fitness.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Data from: A reaction norm for flowering time plasticity reveals physiological footprints of maize adaptation

<div> Understanding how plant phenotypes are shaped by their environments is crucial for addressing questions about crop adaptation to new environments. This study investigated the interplay between developmental responses to temperature fluctuations and photoperiod perception in maize that contribute to genotype-by-environment variation in flowering time. We present a physiological reaction norm for flowering time plasticity (PRN-FTP) for studying large collections of genotypes tested in multi-environment trial (MET) networks. Using a new variable for computational envirotyping of sensed photoperiod, it was found that, at high latitudes, different genotypes in the same environment can experience hours-long differences in photoperiod. This emphasizes the importance of considering genotype-specific differences in the experienced environment when investigating plasticity. A statistical framework is introduced for modeling the PRN-FTP as a non-linear response function, with parameters putatively linked to different regulatory modules for flowering time. Applying the PRN-FTP to a sample of global breeding material for maize showed that tropical and temperate maize occupy distinct territories of the trait space for PRN-FTP parameters, supporting that the geographical spread and adaptation of maize was differentially mediated by exogenous and endogenous pathways for flowering time regulation. Our results have implications for understanding crop adaptation and for future crop improvement efforts. </div>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Plant responses to urban gradients: extinction, plasticity, adaptation

Individual functional traits (LMA – leaf mass per area, plant height and flower length), population performance traits (seed mass and germination rate), as well as species frequency in the plant community, of four herbaceous plant species present in the metropolitan area of Strasbourg: Dactylis glomerata, Medicago lupulina, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense. Traits were measured in situ at 60 mesophilic herbaceous sites, and ex situ in a common garden experiment in the Botanical Garden of the University of Strasbourg. Environmental data include mowing frequency, soil characteristics (composition and structure), air temperature, air humidity, and surrounding landscape variables: mean building height, population density, NDVI, road density, and distance to the city center.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Anticipatory plasticity: frog embryos respond to environmental cues by producing an adaptive phenotype at hatching

Developmental plasticity can occur at any life stage, but a context in which it might be crucial is when individuals that produce specific phenotypes early in development gain a competitive advantage at a later life stage. Here we asked if pre-hatching (embryonic) exposure to a nutrient-rich resource can impact hatchling morphology in tadpoles of Mexican spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata. Induction of a distinctive carnivore morph can occur when a tadpole eats live fairy shrimp. We investigated whether cues from fairy shrimp, detected as embryos, determine hatchling morphology in a manner allowing individuals to take advantage of this nutritious resource. We found that hatchlings with embryonic exposure to shrimp were larger and had larger jaw muscles––traits that increase their ability to compete for shrimp. Thus, embryos can assess and respond to environmental cues by producing preemptive resource-use phenotypes. Such anticipatory plasticity may be an important but understudied form of developmental plasticity.

Fig. 9 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 9 – Polynomial regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the springtail abundance.

Fig. 7 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 7 – Boxplots of elytra width of Nebria castanea females as a function of landform. p-value of N. castanea morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 3 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 3 – Boxplot of Nebria germarii body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. germarii body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 5 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 5 – PCA analysis graphs. Blue stars=active rock glacier specimens; Gold squares=fossil rock glacier specimens; Green dot=scree slope specimens.

Fig. 6 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 6 – Boxplot of head width of Nebria germarii females as a function of landform. p-value of N. germarii morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 2 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 2 – Dorsal view of Nebria germarii and representation of the measured body parameters. For the meaning of the letters see the text (Photo by A. Carlin).

Fig. 4 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 4 – Boxplot of Nebria castanea body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. castanea body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.