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13 results for “additive genetic variation”
Additive genetic variation, but not temperature, influences warning signal expression in Amata nigriceps moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae)
<p>Many aposematic species show variation in their colour patterns even though selection by predators is expected to stabilise warning signals towards a common phenotype. Warning signal variability can be explained by trade-offs with other functions of colouration, such as thermoregulation, that may constrain warning signal expression by favouring darker individuals. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature on warning signal expression in aposematic <em>Amata nigriceps</em> moths that vary in their black and orange wing patterns. We sampled moths from two flight seasons that differed in the environmental temperatures and also reared different families under controlled conditions at three different temperatures. Against our prediction that lower developmental temperatures would reduce the warning signal size of the adult moths, we found no effect of temperature on warning signal expression in either wild or laboratory-reared moths. Instead, we found sex- and population-level differences in wing patterns. Our rearing experiment indicated that ~70% of the variability in the trait is genetic but understanding what signalling and non-signalling functions of wing colouration maintain the genetic variation requires further work. Our results emphasise the importance of considering both genetic and plastic components of warning signal expression when studying intraspecific variation in aposematic species.</p>
Data from: Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
<p><span>Dissecting joint micro-evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental perturbations requires quantifying interacting components of genetic and environmental variation underlying expression of key traits. This ambition is particularly challenging for phenotypically discrete traits where multiscale decompositions are required to reveal non-linear transformations of underlying genetic and environmental variation into phenotypic variation, and when effects must be estimated from incomplete field observations. We devised a joint multistate capture-recapture and quantitative genetic animal model and fitted this model to full-annual-cycle resighting data from partially-migratory European shags (<em>Gulosus</em> <em>aristotelis</em>) to estimate key components of genetic, environmental and phenotypic variance in the ecologically critical discrete trait of seasonal migration versus residence. We demonstrate non-negligible additive genetic variance in latent liability for migration, resulting in detectable micro-evolutionary responses following two episodes of strong survival selection. Further, liability-scale additive genetic effects interacted with substantial permanent individual and temporary environmental effects to generate complex non-additive effects on expressed phenotypes, causing substantial intrinsic gene-by-environment interaction variance on the phenotypic scale. Our analyses therefore reveal how temporal dynamics of partial seasonal migration arise from combinations of instantaneous micro-evolution and within-individual phenotypic consistency, and highlight how intrinsic phenotypic plasticity could expose genetic variation underlying discrete traits to complex forms of selection.</span></p>
Data from: Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
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Additive genetic variation, but not temperature, influences warning signal expression in Amata nigriceps moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae)
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Data from: The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive versus non-additive genetic variation
1. The distribution of additive versus non-additive genetic variation in natural populations represents a central topic of research in evolutionary/organismal biology. For evolutionary physiologists, functional or whole-animal performance traits ("physiological traits") are frequently studied assuming they are heritable and variable in populations. 2. Physiological traits of evolutionary relevance are those functional capacities measured at the whole-organism level, with a potential impact on fitness. They can be classified as capacities (or performances) or costs, the former being directly correlated with fitness, and the latter being inversely correlated with fitness (usually assumed as constraints). 3. In spite of their obvious adaptive significance, the additive genetic variation of physiological traits, and its relative contribution to phenotypic variance (or narrow-sense heritability) in comparison to maternal, dominance or epistatic variance, is known only for a few groups such as insects and mammals. 4. In this study, we assessed the additive and maternal/non-additive genetic variation in a suite of physiological and morphological traits in populations of the land snail Cornu aspersum. 5.Except for dehydration rate (h2= 0.32 ± 0.15), egg mass (h2= 0.82 ± 0.30) and hatchling mass (h2= 1.01 ± 0.31) (population = fixed effect), we found very low additive genetic variation. Large non-additive/maternal effects were found in all traits. Cage effects did not change the results, indicating low contribution of common environmental variance to our results. No differences were found between the phenotypic or non-additive genetic variance/covariance matrices. 6. Even though we compared populations across 1300 km in a common garden setup, our results suggest an absence of physiological as well as morphological differentiation in these populations. 7. These results contrast with previous analyses in the original distributional range of this species, which found high additive genetic variation in morphological traits. These are intriguing results demanding further quantitative genetic studies in the original distributional range of this species as well as the history of colonization of this invasive species.
Additional Files for "Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass"
<p>This dataset contains additional supporting files referenced by the following publication:</p> <p>• Kersten S, Chang J, Huber CD, Voichek Y, Lanz C, Hagmaier T, Lang P, Lutz U, Hirschberg I, Lerchl J, Porri A, Van de Peer Y, Schmid K, Weigel D, Rabanal FA. <strong>Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass. </strong><em>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Directory structure:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Haplotypes_ACCase</strong>: this directory contains the two haplotypes (fasta format) inferred by pbaa (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbAA ) for each of the 1,046 individuals for which it was possible to analyse the ACCase locus. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Haplotypes_ALS</strong>: his directory contains the two haplotypes (fasta format) inferred by pbaa (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbAA ) for each of the 842 individuals for which it was possible to analyse the ALS1 locus. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Reference_genome</strong>: this directory contains the Pacbio CLR+Hi-C based chromosome level assembly (fasta file) of an <em>Alopecurus myosuroides</em> individual from the German herbicide-sensitive population DE01087 (Appels Wilde Samen GmbH, Darmstadt). In addition, it includes annotation files (gff format) for transposable elements and protein-coding genes.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>SNP_matrix</strong>: this directory contains the SNP matrix (vcf format) for the population study carried out with ddRAD-sequencing data.</li> </ul>
Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: genetic differentiation and additive genetic variation for induced defense in wild arugula Eruca sativa
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Data from: Additive genetic variation for tolerance to estrogen pollution in natural populations of Alpine whitefish (Coregonus sp., Salmonidae)
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Data from: The quantitative genetics of physiological and morphological traits in an invasive terrestrial snail: additive versus non-additive genetic variation
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Data from: Rate of evolutionary change in cranial morphology of the marsupial genus Monodelphis is constrained by the availability of additive genetic variation
We tested the hypothesis that the rate of marsupial cranial evolution is dependent on the distribution of genetic variation in multivariate space. To do so, we carried out a genetic analysis of cranial morphological variation in laboratory strains of Monodelphis domestica and used estimates of genetic covariation to analyze the morphological diversification of the Monodelphis brevicaudata species group. We found that within-species genetic variation is concentrated in only a few axes of the morphospace and that this strong genetic covariation influenced the rate of morphological diversification of the brevicaudata group, with between-species divergence occurring fastest when occurring along the genetic line of least resistance. Accounting for the geometric distribution of genetic variation also increased our ability to detect the selective regimen underlying species diversification, with several instances of selection only being detected when genetic covariances were taken into account. Therefore, this work directly links patterns of genetic covariation among traits to macroevolutionary patterns of morphological divergence. Our findings also suggest that the limited distribution of Monodelphis species in morphospace is the result of a complex interplay between the limited dimensionality of available genetic variation and strong stabilizing selection along two major axes of genetic variation.
Data from: Autosomal and X linked additive genetic variation for lifespan and aging: comparisons within and between the sexes in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Rate of evolutionary change in cranial morphology of the marsupial genus Monodelphis is constrained by the availability of additive genetic variation
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Data from: Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores
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Allen Brain Atlas
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