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Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on desert ecosystem properties.
Porewater chemistry measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx)
The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) is a large-scale field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Response measurements include porewater chemistry, specifically concentrations of chloride, sulfate, sulfide, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium-N, nitrate/nitrite-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, organic-carbon:organic-nitrogen ratio, and pH. Samples of source water were taken after collection (seawater, river water) or mixing (mixed seawater and river water in tanks) and analyzed for concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonium-N, nitrate/nitrite-N, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen. Source water samples from 2016 and beyond also included measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon:nitrogen ratio, organic-carbon:organic-nitrogen ratio, chloride and sulfate.
Plant Responses to the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long Term Experiment (SALTEx) from 2013 to 2017
This study was conducted in a tidal freshwater marsh (31°20’16” N, 81°27’52” W) on the Altamaha River, GA. Each plot was defined by a 2.5 m x 2.5 m polycon frame, inserted 12 cm into the soil. The frames had drain holes in the sides above the soil surface that were plugged when plots were watered but open otherwise to allow tidal exchange. The plots were randomly assigned to five treatments. Plots were monitored without imposing any treatments in 2013. Treatments started on April 14, 2014. Plots receive diluted saltwater (press and pulse of saline water treatments, n=6), freshwater (freshwater addition treatment, n=6), or no water additions (control with frame and control treatments, n=6 and 7, respectively). The press plots received additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water four times each week. Pulse plots received the same mixture but only for 8 weeks in September and October. The freshwater treatment plots received additions of fresh river water four times each week. To document treatment effects on the plant community, we measured stem height, photosynthesis, and percent cover of plants, and blocking of light by the vegetation. We used the same 0.75 m x 0.75 m subplot inside each plot for plant measurements, and took the measurements 3 – 6 times during each growing season from 2013 to 2017. We measured height of all stems of Zizaniopsis miliacea and Persicaria hydropiperoides, and all leaves of Pontederia cordata. In each plot, we chose the tallest individual of those three species and measured their photosynthetic rates using LCi photosynthesis System (ADC BioScientific Ltd, Hoddesdon, UK). Around the same dates, we also visually estimated the percent cover of Ludwigia repens, Persicaria hydropiperoides, Pontederia cordata, and Zizaniopsis miliacea in the entire 2.5 m x 2.5 m plot. We summed the stem heights by species as a first approximation of species biomass. We measured the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above top and underneath
Cascade project at North Temperate Lake LTER – Daily Respiration Data for Whole Lake Nutrient Additions 2013-2015
Daily estimates of ecosystem respiration and values of covariates from surface waters of Paul, Peter, and Tuesday lakes from mid-May to early September for the years 2013, 2014, and 2015. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were added to Peter and Tuesday lakes each year while Paul Lake was an unfertilized reference.
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Air temperature at core phenology sites and additional bird monitoring sites in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2009 to present
The H.J Andrews phenology study air temperature network includes 16 core phenology sites, 40 core bird sites and 128 auxiliary bird sites. This study examines air temperatures at multiple sites within the Andrews Experimental Forest. Air temperatures were recorded 1.5 m above ground at 184 sites distributed on an 800-m incomplete grid throughout much of the Andrews Forest. Data were collected using automated sensors starting in June of 2009 at 56 sites and in June 2011 128 additional sensors were added. These data document the complex spatial and temporal patterns of air temperature variation within the Andrews Forest, which is governed by multiple processes including inversions, regional air mixing, cold air drainage and pooling, and the effects of vegetation on temperature extremes. The data entities provided indicate various methods of data quality checking over time.
Sediment elevation measurements from the GCE LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) sampling sites from July 2013 to August 2022
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. We are measuring soil surface elevation tables (SETs) in the plots as one of the response variables for the SALTEx project.
Percent cover measurements of four site-dominant species from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Percent cover was measured for four site-dominant species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Persicaria hydropiperoides, and Ludwigia repens) each July from 2013 to 2022.
Photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Light availability was measured using photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) both above and below the plant canopy.
Belowground biomass measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Belowground biomass was sampled from in each plot in March 2017 after 3 years of dosing.
Litter Decomposition in Response to Nitrogen Addition and Soil Warming at Harvard Forest 2010-2012
The purpose of this study is to examine whether two environmental change stressors (warming and nitrogen deposition) differentially impact litter decomposition. We investigated this using a two year litterbag decomposition experiment at the chronic N amendment experiment and the Barre Woods Soil warming experiment, and measured litter decay dynamics, enzyme activities and litter chemistry. In both years mass loss of the mixed litter was suppressed under N addition, with most of the mass loss observed in the first year compared to the second year (70% and 30% of total mass loss, respectively). Both years showed either increased activity for some hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. cellobiohydrolase) or no difference (e.g. ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase) with increased N. The lignolytic enzymes (e.g. peroxidases) showed no difference in activity in the first year, but had a highly reduced activity in year 2 under elevated N conditions. Soil warming did not significantly affect litter mass loss, and only had an effect on the activity of a few enzymes. In the oak reciprocal litterbag study, decay of oak litter originating from the highest N addition plot was negatively affected by simulated N deposition in the first year of decomposition, while after two years, simulated N deposition negatively affected all litter, and litter originating from the highest N addition plot decayed more slowly than control litter even without added N (i.e. in the control plot). In addition, in the first year of decomposition lignolytic enzyme activities were suppressed in litter originating from the N addition treatments, but due to simulated N deposition in year two.
Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2006
Climate warming and N deposition are occurring on a global scale with unknown long-term effects on soil microbial communities and the biogeochemical processes they perform. Few studies have examined the interactive effects of elevated temperatures and N additions on soil microbial community structure and function. The overall objective of this study is to investigate whether warming and N additions restructure microbial communities and alter the response of soil C pools to these two stressors. A related study is examining the interactive effects of warming and N additions on plant and ant diversity. This research is being carried out at the Soil Warming x Nitrogen Addition Study at the Harvard Forest which includes four treatments: control, warming (heating to 5 deg C above ambient), warming x N, and N additions only (addition of 50 kg N/ha/yr). Soil respiration measurements have been made monthly since the beginning of the experiment in 2006. In 2010 and 2011, two different methods were compared: static chamber measurements and instantaneous field IRGA assessments. Soil samples (~0-10 cm) have been sampled annually for total C and N, N mineralization, and microbial community composition. Most recently, soils were collected in October 2011 from across the entire profile (0-50 cm) to access potential changes in soil C and N pools with depth. First, 20 x 20 cm forest floor samples were collected. Mineral soils were then collected in 10 cm depth increments to ~50 cm. Samples are currently being analyzed for total C and N, microbial biomass and community composition and fungal gene expression (transcriptomics). Additionally, long-term incubations are being conducted to measure labile and recalcitrant C fractions. Additional soil physical (texture) and chemical (pH, inorganic N) are being measured. Field season measurements of soil respiration indicate that both warming and N additions continue to stimulate CO2 flux, with warming treatments having a stronger effect on re
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/253/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Daily porewater salinity, conductivity, and temperature measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) Project
The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) is a large-scale field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. Six porewater well samples were collected four days per week from six treatment plots using a peristalsis pump. Salinity and conductivity were measured from the samples using a handheld conductivity/salinity meter. In addition, water delivery treatments were conducted four days per week after porewater samples were collected.
Short-Term Effects on Vegetation in Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest 2006
The purpose of this experiment is to examine the interactive affects of warming and N additions on plant diversity. The experiment consists of four treatments (control, heated +N, heated -N, +N only) with six replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Average soil temperature in the heated plots will be elevated 5 deg C above ambient by the use of buried heating cables placed at 10 cm depth in the soil and spaced 20 cm apart. The heating cables will be controlled by a data logger that monitors thermistors (5 per plot) every 10 min. Plots will automatically turn on and off to maintain a 5 deg C temperature difference between the heated and control plots. The N addition plots (heated +N, +N only) will be fertilized following the protocol of the Chronic Nitrogen Addition Study. An aqueous solution of NH4NO3 will be applied at a rate equivalent to the low N plots at the chronic N study (5 g m-2 yr-1). Fertilizer will be applied in equal monthly doses during the growing season (Apr-Oct). The control plots and unfertilized, heated plots (heated -N) will receive water only.
Cascade project at North Temperate Lakes LTER - High Frequency Data for Whole Lake Nutrient Additions 2013-2015
High frequency continuous data for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanin in Paul, Peter, and Tuesday lakes from mid-May to early September for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were added to Peter and Tuesday lakes each year while Paul Lake was an unfertilized reference.
Cascade project at North Temperate Lakes LTER - Daily Chlorophyll Data for Whole Lake Nutrient Additions 2013-2015
Daily chlorophyll for surface water samples in Paul, Peter, and Tuesday lakes from mid-May to early September for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were added to Peter and Tuesday lakes each year while Paul Lake was an unfertilized reference.
Water temperature in the hidden, subglacial lake at Uruguay Island, Antarctic Peninsula region, 2020-2021, and additional data sets.
The dataset contains temperature measurements in a small subglicer (hidden) lake of Antarctic Peninsula region at several levels of depth. The measurements cover almost a full year and provide an understanding of the temperature and hydrological regime of the water body. Weather measurement data and statistics is provided additionally.
Biocrust in compost addition plots in central New Mexico (2021-2024)
We investigated how 6.3 mm of surface-dressed compost (food-based vs. manure-based) at a central New Mexico, USA Tribal rangeland affected the temperature, soil C and N percent and stable isotope values values, and aggregate stability using the Herrick dip test.
Semi-Arid Grassland Nitrogen Addition Experiment: New Mexico, 2018-2021
This dataset contains field and laboratory incubation measurements from a four-year nutrient addition experiment (2018–2021) conducted in three adjacent (<5 km apart) Chihuahuan Desert grasslands near Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, USA (32°10′31″N, 104°26′38″W). The three replicate grassland sites were dominated by different grass species: Bouteloua gracilis (“Native Grama” site), Muhlenbergia setifolia (“Native Muhly” site), and Eragrostis lehmanniana (“Invasive Lovegrass” site). The Native Grama and Invasive Lovegrass sites were located on recently deposited alluvial soils classified as Entisols (Ustic Torrifluvents), formed from gravelly alluvium derived from limestone. Soils at the Native Muhly site were classified as shallow Aridisols formed from colluvium and residuum weathered from limestone and dolomite. Plot soils at the Native Grama and Invasive Lovegrass sites were sandy loam, while soils at the Native Muhly site were loam. Pre-treatment soil chemistry (collected May 2018 at 0–5 cm depth) was relatively consistent across sites, with pH ranging from 7.6 to 7.8 and similar inorganic N concentrations. Experimental field plots at each site received annual additions of nitrogen (+2 or +4 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ as ammonium nitrate), carbon (+6 g m⁻² as sucrose), or no additions (ambient control). In 2020, a supplemental water treatment was applied only at the Native Grama site to simulate an additional 55 mm of rainfall during the monsoon season. Field data include measurements of soil chemistry (pH, inorganic nutrients, extractable organic C, total N), microbial biomass (C, N, P), extracellular enzyme activities, vegetation cover by functional group, species richness, Shannon diversity indices, and foliar chemistry (%C, %N, C:N ratios). Measurements were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon, winter) or annually at peak biomass from 2018 through 2021. Laboratory incubations were conducted to complement field measurements. In 2019, a 30-day nitrogen t
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.