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37 results for “agent of selection”
A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Multi-center Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Alomfilimab (KY1044) as Single Agent and in Combination With Anti-PD-L1 (Atezolizumab) in Adult Patients With Selected Advance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03829501. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 0.
Multi-level in vivo selection of the biocontrol agent Akanthomyces muscarius, virulence, growth, sporulation, and variant data
<p>Changes in parasite virulence are commonly expected to lead to trade-offs in other life history traits that can affect fitness. Understanding these trade-offs is particularly important if we want to manipulate the virulence of microbial biological control agents. Theoretically, selection across different spatial scales, i.e. between- and within-hosts, shapes these trade-offs. However, trade-offs are also dependent on parasite biology. Despite their applied importance the evolution of virulence in fungal parasites is poorly understood: virulence can be unstable in culture and commonly fails to increase in simple passage experiments. We hypothesized that manipulating selection intensity at different scales would reveal virulence trade-offs in a fungal pathogen of aphids, <em>Akanthomyces muscarius</em>. Starting with a genetically diverse stock we selected for speed of kill, parasite yield, or infectivity by manipulating competition within and between hosts and between populations of hosts over 7 rounds of infection. We characterized ancestral and evolved lineages by whole genome sequencing and by measuring virulence, growth rate, sporulation, and fitness. While several lineages showed increases in virulence, we saw none of the trade-offs commonly found in obligately-killing parasites. Phenotypically similar lineages within treatments often shared multiple single-nucleotide variants, indicating strong convergent evolution. The most dramatic phenotypic changes were in the timing of sporulation and spore production <em>in vitro. </em>We found that early sporulation led to reduced competitive fitness but could increase the yield of spores on media, a trade-off characteristic of social conflict. Notably, the selection regime with the strongest between-population competition and lowest genetic diversity produced the most consistent shift to early sporulation, as predicted by social evolution theory. Multi-level selection therefore revealed social interactions novel to fungi and showed that these biocontrol agents have the genomic flexibility to improve multiple traits - virulence and spore production - that are often in conflict in other parasites.</p>
20210927-DOTG: Knowledge is transmitted between agents and across generations with different parent Selection methods
This archive contains the results of a multi-agent simulation experiment [1] carried out with Lazy lavender [2] environment.<br><br>Experiment Label: 20210927-DOTG<br><br>Experiment design: Knowledge is transmitted between agents and across generations with different parent Selection methods<br><br>Experiment setting: Agents start with random ontologies which are used to interact with the environment and other agents; agents adapt their knowledge to interaction failures (intra-generation knowledge transmission); agents provide training samples to their children to learn ontologies (inter-generation knowledge transmission)<br><br>Hypotheses: Intra-generation transmission can compensate to the absence of parent selection<br><br>Detailed information can be found in index.html or notebook.ipynb.<br><br>[1] <a href="https://sake.re/20210927-DOTG">https://sake.re/20210927-DOTG</a><br>[2] <a href="https://gitlab.inria.fr/moex/lazylav/">https://gitlab.inria.fr/moex/lazylav/</a><br><br>
An innovative approach combining metabarcoding and ecological interaction networks for selecting candidate biological control agents
<p>Classical biological control (CBC) can be used to decrease the density of invasive species to below an acceptable ecological and economic threshold. Natural enemies specific to the invasive species are selected from its native range and released into the invaded range. This approach has drawbacks, despite the performance of specificity tests to ensure its safety, because the fundamental host range defined under controlled conditions does not represent the actual host range <em>in natura, </em>and these tests omit indirect interactions within community.</p> <p>We focus on <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em> (Asteraceae), a weed species originating from Western Palearctic that is invasive in many countries and notably in Australia. We explore how analyses of interaction network within its native range can be used to 1) inventory herbivores associated to the target plant, 2) characterize their ecological host ranges, and 3) guide the selection of candidate biocontrol agents considering interactions with species from higher trophic levels. Arthropods were collected from plant community sympatric to <em>S. oleraceus</em>, in three bioclimatic regions, and interactions were inferred by a combination of molecular and morphological approaches.</p> <p>The networks reconstructed were structured in several trophic levels from basal species (plant community), to intermediate and top species (herbivorous arthropods and their natural enemies). The subnetwork centered on <em>S. oleraceus</em> related interactions contained 116 taxa and 213 interactions. We identified 47 herbivores feeding on <em>S. oleraceus</em>, 15 of which were specific to the target species. Some discrepancies with respect to published findings or conventional specificity tests suggested possible insufficient sampling effort for the recording of interactions or the existence of cryptic species. Among potential candidate agents, 6 exhibited interactions with natural enemies.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Adopting a network approach as prerequisite step of the classical biological control program can provide a rapid screening of potential agents to be tested in priority. Once ecological host range defined, we suggest that priority should be given to agent used by a minimum species, and, when they exist, to agents that possess enemies from the most distant taxonomical group from those occurring in the range of introduction.</p>
Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) As A Single Oral Agent In Selected Patients With Adenocarcinoma Of The Lung
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00818441. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 5. Publications: 2.
An innovative approach combining metabarcoding and ecological interaction networks for selecting candidate biological control agents
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Variable and sexually conflicting selection on Silene stellata floral traits by a putative moth pollinator selective agent
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Multi-level in vivo selection of the biocontrol agent Akanthomyces muscarius, virulence, growth, sporulation, and variant data
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Host nest defence does not act as selective agent against plumage polymorphism in brood parasites
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Data from: Rapid evolution of prehistoric dogs from wolves by natural and sexual selection emerges from an agent-based model
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Data from: Gape-limited predators as agents of selection on the defensive morphology of an invasive invertebrate
Invasive species have widespread and pronounced effects on ecosystems and adaptive evolution of invaders is often considered responsible for their success. Despite the potential importance of adaptation to invasion, we still have limited knowledge of the agents of natural selection on invasive species. Bythotrephes longimanus, a cladoceran zooplankton, invaded multiple Canadian Shield lakes over the past several decades. Bythotrephes have a conspicuous caudal process (tail spine) that provides a morphological defense against fish predation. We measured viability selection on the longest component of the Bythotrephes spine, the distal spine segment, through a comparison of the lengths of first and second instar Bythotrephes collected from lakes differing in the dominance of gape-limited predation (GLP) and non-gape-limited predation (NGLP) by fish. We found that natural selection varied by predator gape-limitation, with strong selection (selection intensity: 0.20-0.79) for increased distal spine length in lakes dominated by GLP, and no significant selection in lakes dominated by NGLP. Further, distal spine length was 17% longer in lakes dominated by GLP, suggesting the possibility of local adaptation. As all study lakes were invaded less than twenty years prior to our collections, our results suggest rapid divergence in defensive morphology in response to selection from fish predators.
Data from: Water availability as an agent of selection in introduced populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: impacts on flowering time evolution
Flowering is one of the most influential events in the life history of a plant and one of the main determinants of reproductive investment and lifetime fitness. It is also a highly complex trait controlled by dozens of genes. Understanding the selective pressures influencing time to flowering, and being able to reliably predict how it will evolve in novel environments, are unsolved challenges for plant evolutionary geneticists. Using the model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined the impact of simulated high and low winter precipitation levels on the flowering time of naturalized lines from across the eastern portion of the introduced North American range, and the fitness consequences of early versus late flowering. Flowering time order was significantly correlated across two environments—in a previous common garden experiment and in environmental chambers set to mimic mid-range photoperiod and temperature conditions. Plants in low water flowered earlier, had fewer basal branches and produced fewer fruits. Selection in both treatments favored earlier flowering and more basal branches. Our analyses revealed an interaction between flowering time and water treatment for fitness, where flowering later was more deleterious for fitness in the low water treatment. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in winter precipitation levels are one of the selective agents underlying a flowering time cline in introduced A. thaliana populations.
Data from: Migratory passage structures at hydropower plants as potential physiological and behavioural selective agents
Anthropogenic activities affect fish populations worldwide. River dams have profound impacts on ecosystems by changing habitats and hindering migration. In an effort to counteract such effects a diversity of mitigation measures has been installed at hydroelectric power plants. Still, not all individuals in a population use these measures, creating potentially strong selection processes at hydroelectric power plants. Especially, during migration, when fish can get heavily delayed or pass through a hydropower turbine, facing increased mortality compared to those using a safe bypass route. In this study, we quantify migration route choices of descending wild PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon smolts released upstream from a hydroelectric plant. We demonstrate how only a few meters' displacement of bypass canals can have a large impact on the fish guidance efficiency. The proportion of fish using the bypasses increased when water was released in surface gates closer to the turbine intake. During a period of low fish guidance efficiency, we observed two different smolt migratory strategies. While some individuals spent little time in the forebay before migrating through the turbine tunnel, others remained in the forebay. We suggest that these groups represent different behavioural types, and that sub-optimal mitigation measures at hydropower intakes may therefore induce strong selection on salmon behavioural traits. The ultimate outcome of these selection mechanisms is discussed in light of potential trade-offs between turbine-migration mortality costs and optimal sea-entrance timing survival benefits.
TT-10 (PORT-6) and TT-4 (PORT-7) as Single Agents and in Combination in Subjects With Advanced Selected Solid Tumors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04969315. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Data from: Water availability as an agent of selection in introduced populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: impacts on flowering time evolution
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Data from: Are pollinators the agents of selection on flower colour and size in irises?
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Data from: Searching for the bull's-eye: agents and targets of selection vary among geographically disparate cyanogenesis clines in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
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Data from: Migratory passage structures at hydropower plants as potential physiological and behavioural selective agents
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Data from: Gape-limited predators as agents of selection on the defensive morphology of an invasive invertebrate
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Data from: Potential for local adaptation in response to an anthropogenic agent of selection: effects of road deicing salts on amphibian embryonic survival and development
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.