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1,293 results for “aggression”
Variant dataset and code for "Population-level whole genome sequencing of Ascochyta rabiei identifies genomic loci associated with isolate aggressiveness"
<p>This dataset contains genetic variants (SNPs) of <em>Ascochyta rabiei</em> isolates and the R code used in their analysis to generate the results and figures described in the manuscript "<strong>Population-level whole genome sequencing of <em>Ascochyta rabiei</em> identifies genomic loci associated with isolate aggressiveness</strong>".</p> <div> <div> </div> </div>
Fig. 3 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 3. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) frequencies of a. restrained aggression and b. overt aggression of group-housed fish. Different letters show differences among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Figure 1 in Intraspecific larval aggression in two species of Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Figure 1. The number of fights observed in experiments with groups of Hypera postica larvae of various instars (L1–L4), in the presence (plain boxes) or absence (hatched boxes) of food (leaves of Medicago sativa). Filled circles and squares indicate the mean, boxes indicate confidence intervals, whiskers show the non-outlier range and empty circles represent outliers.
Figure 2 in Intraspecific larval aggression in two species of Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Figure 2. The number of fights observed in experiments with mixed-instar groups of Hypera postica larvae in the presence or absence of food (leaves of Medicago sativa). Filled circles indicate the mean value, boxes show the confidence intervals, whiskers represent the nonoutlier range and empty circles represent outliers.
Figure 3. A in Intraspecific larval aggression in two species of Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Figure 3. A summary of the possible behaviours of each instar of Hypera postica (L1, L2, L3, L4a and L4b).
Figures 1a–1f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 1a–1f. Developing from the initial stage to the confronting stage. Figure 1a. Initial stage, showing a defensive posture (left, A1, right, A2). Figure 1b. Initial stage, tentative pinching when mutually touched (left, A1, right, A2). Figure 1c. Initial stage, showing a shielding posture (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1d. Initial stage, one trying to suppress the other (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1e. Initial stage, shielding collision (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1f. Spanning pedipalps, developing into confronting stage (left, A1, right, A2).
Figure 5 in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figure 5. Duration of each round and that of arm-span competition occurred in each round (in seconds).
Figures 9a–9f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 9a–9f. Examples of physical combat in genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908. Figures 9a–9c. Adult males of H. minusalta Vachon, 1959. Figure 9d. An adult pair of H. jayakari (Pocock, 1895). Figure 9e. An adult pair of H. franzwerneri (Birula, 1914). Figure 9f. An adult pair of H. buchariensis (Birula, 1897).
Figures 10a–10c in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 10a–10c. Examples of three types of behavior observed among several species of Heterometrinae. Figure 10a. Arm-span competition (Chersonesometrus tristis). Figure 10b. Shielding response (strictly defined as an easily triggered response; Heterometrus species do exhibit similar posture but happens only when their pedipalps are suppressed; Srilankametrus yaleensis). Figure 10c. Aggressive response (here shows a pre-posture before "pinching" or "punching"; Heterometrus spinifer).
Figures 7a–7d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 7a–7d. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figure 7a. Adult females of Androctonus gonneti Vachon, 1948 aiming at each other with their metasoma (the accompanied juddering behavior cannot be illustrated by the figure). Figure 7b. A pair of adult A. gonneti, the female is controlling the telson of the male. Figures 7c–7d. Adults of Hottentotta salei (Vachon, 1980) controlling the telson of the opponent: female and male (c), and two males (d).
Figures 3a–3b in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 3a–3b. Comparison of aggression between arm-span competition and stinging fighting behavior. Figure 3a. No fighting occurred after one was pulled over (left, A1, right, C). Figure 3b. Violent fighting occurred at the initial stage when both individuals were infuriated (left, A1, right, B1).
Figures 8a–8f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 8a–8f. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figures 8a–8c. Juveniles of Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing, 1928, performing the typical deterrent posture. Figures 8d–8f. Leiurus spp., performing the intimidation behavior: adult males of Leiurus jordanensis Lourenço et al., 2002 and L. haenggii Lowe et al., 2014 (d), adult males of L. jordanensis and L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) (e), and an adult pair of L. jordanensis (f; male on the left).
Figures 6a–6d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 6a–6d. Examples of similar behavior observed between two adult males in other Heterometrinae species. Figure 6a. Heterometrus minotaurus (above) and Heterometrus thorellii (below) (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6b. Chersonesometrus tristis (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6c. H. thorellii (photo: Gentia). Figure 6d. H. thorellii (below) and Heterometrus longimanus (above) (photo: Gentia).
Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a. Spreading the pedipalps, lateral view (left, A2, right, A1). Figure 2b. Spreading the pedipalps, posterior view (distal, A1, proximal, C). Figure 2c. Metasoma of the two males entangling with each other (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2d. One being lifted up by the "metasomal hook" (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2e. Lifting, lateral view (left, A1, right, C). Figure 2f. Lifting, posterior view (proximal, A1, distal, C).
Vibrating aggression: Spider males perform an unusual assessment strategy during contest displays
<p>A recurrent question in animal contests is whether individuals adopt a self or mutual assessment rule to decide to withdraw from a contest. However, many empirical studies fail to find conclusive support for one of these two possibilities. A possible explanation is that assessment strategies vary between individuals. In the contests of the orb-web spider <em>Trichonephila clavipes</em>, males perform a vibrational display on webs that may escalate to physical contact. Since all individuals perform the vibrational phase and only some of them escalate, we proposed two hypotheses: 1) all individuals perform mutual assessment during the vibrational phase, or 2) some individuals that do not escalate adopt self-assessment, while individuals that escalated adopt mutual assessment. To evaluate these hypotheses, we investigated the relationship between the duration of the vibrational phase and frontal leg length (a proxy of male fight capacity) of loser and winner males in contests that escalated and did not escalate to the physical contact phase. We found a non-significant relationship between duration and losers leg length for both contests that escalate and did not escalate. While we found a positive relationship between duration and winners leg length, particularly in contests that did not escalate. These results do not provide support for mutual assessment or for a mix of different assessment rules among individuals. We suggest that in <em>T. clavipes</em>, the dynamics of the vibrational phase may be explained by two different contest strategies (opponent-only assessment or size-based aggressiveness) that are dependent on intruder motivation to escalate.</p>
F I G U R E 2 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 2 Mean (±SE) time (in seconds) taken for a female Bactrocera tryoni to perform the first antagonistic behavioural event against a conspecific female when on one of three host fruit types. N = 15 female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
F I G U R E 1 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 1 Ethogram of antagonistic behaviours of female Bactrocera tryoni competing for a single host fruit. The size of the behavioural boxes and number within represent the frequency in which the individual behaviours occurred that led to a transitional flow to another behaviour. The number associated with the arrow represents the proportion of transition frequencies made by the females to other behaviours from a given behaviour and will sum to 1. For example, from a total number of observed behavioural events recorded for crabbing, a proportion of 0.381 of all transitions led to further crabbing (after the first crabbing had finished), 0.237 led to supination, 0.130 led to pushing, 0.091 led to tiptoe, 0.083 led to probing, 0.033 led to butting, 0.032 led to retreat and 0.014 led to chasing. The ethogram is based on 45 replicate recordings, each 1 h long of two sexually mature females competing for access to a single fruit resource for oviposition. The ethogram thus represents the combined behaviours of 90 individuals.
F I G U R E 4 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 4 Mean (±1 SE) number of occurrences of aggressive behaviours exhibited by Bactrocera tryoni females on three fruit types: cherry tomato, apple and mango. N = 15 replicate female–female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
Data from: Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies
<p>Extensive research has investigated the relationship between the social environment and cognition, suggesting that social complexity may drive cognitive evolution and development. However, evidence for this relationship remains equivocal. Group size is often used as a measure of social complexity, but this may not capture intraspecific variation in social interactions. Social network analysis can provide insight into the cognitively demanding challenges associated with group-living at the individual-level. Here, we use social networks to investigate whether the cognitive performance of wild Western Australian magpies (<em>Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis</em>) is related to group size and individual social connectedness. We quantified social connectedness using four interaction types: proximity, affiliative, agonistic, and vocal. Consistent with previous research on this species, individuals in larger groups performed better on an associative learning task. However, social network position was also related to cognitive performance. Individuals receiving aggressive interactions performed better, while those involved in aggressive interactions with more group members performed worse. Overall, this suggests that cognitive performance is related to specific types of social interaction. The findings from this study highlight the value of considering fine-grained metrics of sociality that capture the challenges associated with social life when testing the relationship between the social environment and cognition.</p>
F I G U R E 3 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 3 Mean (±1 SE) number of antagonistic events carried out by Bactrocera tryoni females against conspecific females when on one of three host fruit types. N = 15 female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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