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6 results for “agronomic performance”
Agronomic performance of cultivar mixtures and pure stands of 8 winter wheat varieties, obtained from mixture field trials in Switzerland from 2021 to 2023, together with associated functional traits measurements
<p>This dataset contains agronomic performance data for 8 Swiss winter wheat cultivars, grown in pure stands and in mixtures at 3 locations in Switzerland during 3 growing seasons (2021-2023). The dataset has been used to analyse the effects of cultivar mixtures on agronomic performance and stability, which is published in <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127504" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127504</a>. </p> <p>The dataset contains notably grain yield, protein content, thousand kernel weight, specific weight, and Zeleny sedimentation value, as well as functional traits measured at flowering for each mixture and pure stand plot. </p> <p>The field trials were performed under the Swiss Extenso (low input) conditions, conducted by Agroscope and DSP. </p> <h3>Methods </h3> <p> <em>Field trials </em></p> <div>Field trials were set up over the course of three growing seasons – 2020/2021, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 – in three sites across the Swiss Central Plateau. The experimental sites were located in Changins (46°19′ N 6°14′ E, 455m a.s.l), Delley (46°55′ N 6°58′ E, 494m a.s.l) and Utzenstorf (47°97′ N 7°33′ E, 483m a.s.l.). </div> <div>Experimental communities consisted of pure stand plots, 2-cultivars mixtures, and one plot with the 8 cultivars mixed. We sowed every possible combination of 2-cultivar mixtures, amounting to a total of 28 2-cultivar mixtures treatments, to which we added the 8-cultivar mixture. Each community was grown in a plot of 7.1 m<sup>2</sup> (1.5m∗4.7m). We used a complete randomized block design, with 3 replicates, the plots being randomized at each site within each block. Sowing was performed with a small plot drill (Wintersteiger plotseed TC). Density of sowing was 350 viable seeds/m<sup>2</sup>. For the mixtures, seeds were mixed beforehand at a 2 × 50 % mass ratio for 2-cultivars mixtures and 8 × 12.5 % for the 8-cultivar mixture. We chose this method of mixing as this is what is commonly done by farmers in Switzerland. Plots were sowed mechanically each autumn and fertilized with ammonium nitrate at a rate of 140 N/ha in 3 applications (40 N/ha at tillering stage/BBCH 22–29; 60 N/ha at the beginning of stem elongation/BBCH 30–31; 40 N/ha at booting stage/BBCH 45–47). The trials were grown according to the Swiss <em>Extenso</em> scheme, i.e. without any fungicide, insecticide, and growth regulator. Weeds were regulated twice or thrice per season with the application of herbicides commonly used in Switzerland.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Ear density</em></div> <div> </div> <div>Before harvest, we manually harvested horizontal bands of 1.5 × 0.3 square meters per plot. The location of the band was randomly chosen but we avoided plot edges (i.e. the band was located at more than 0.5 m from the lower and upper edge of each plot). We counted the heads, and obtained ear density from the head counts.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Trait measurements </em></div> <div> </div> <div>At flowering time, we randomly sampled 6 healthy leaves per plot. We immediately wrapped this leaf in moist cotton; this was stored overnight at room temperature in open plastic bags. The following day, we removed excess surface water on the leaf and weighted it to obtain its water saturated weight. This leaf was then scanned with a flatbed scanner (Perfection V39II, Epson), oven-dried in a paper envelope at 80°C for 72 hours, and subsequently weighed again to obtain its dry weight. Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) was calculated as the ratio of leaf dry mass (g) to water saturated leaf mass (g). Using the leaf scans, we measured leaf area with the image processing software ImageJ. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was calculated as the ratio of leaf area (cm2) to leaf dry mass (g).</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Phenology and height </em></div> <div> </div> <div>For each plot, we recorded the heading date as the day of the year, in which 50 % of the ears of the plot had fully emerged from the flag leaf. Plant height was measured in each plot at BBCH 59–75, by taking the average height in centimeters from the ground to the top of five random ears, excluding awns.</div> <div> </div> <p><em>Harvest and post harvest measurements</em></p> <p>At maturity, we harvested each plot with a combine harvester (Zürn 150, Schontal-Westernhausen, Switzerland). The harvested grains were dried when needed, weighed a first time, then sorted and cleaned by air and with a sieve cleaner, and subsequently weighted again. We measured hectoliter weight (test weight, HLW, kg/hl) and water content at the plot level using a Dickey-John machine (GAC 2100). Grain yield was subsequently standardized to 15 % of humidity. Protein content (% of dry matter) was measured at the site level with a near-infrared instrument (ProxiMate™, Büchi instruments). Thousand kernel weight (TKW, g) was measured at the plot level with a Marvin seed analyzer (GTA Sensorik, Neubrandenburg, Germany). Zeleny sedimentation value was measured by the laboratory of Delley Seeds and Plants. </p> <p> </p>
Agronomic performance of cultivar mixtures of winter wheat varieties, obtained from mixture field trials at 5 locations in Switzerland from 2019 to 2020, together with yield data from the varieties in pure stand obtained from the national variety testing trial network
<p>This dataset contains agronomic parameters of 32 winter wheat variety mixtures tested during 2 growing seasons (2019-2020) at 5 locations in Switzerland, as well as yield data of these varieties in pure stands originating from the Swiss national variety testing network. The dataset has been used to investigate the links between asynchrony and yield stability, published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21151">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21151</a>. </p> <p>The field trials were performed under the Swiss Extenso (low input) conditions, conducted by Agroscope and DSP. </p> <h2>Methods </h2> <p><em>Field trials </em></p> <p>The experiment took place in five sites across Switzerland, in 2019 and 2020. The sites were located in Nyon (1260), Delley (1567), Utzenstorf (3428), Zurich (8046), and Ellighausen (8566).</p> <p>Experimental communities consisted of 32 different two-variety mixtures grown in 7.1-m<sup>2</sup> plots (1.5 × 4.7 m). We replicated the mixture experiment three times per site with the exact same variety composition. We used a randomized block design, with plots being randomized at each site within each block. Density of sowing was 350 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>, and seeds were mixed beforehand at a 50:50 ratio in terms of mass. We used the 50:50 mass ratio as this is what is generally done in practice by farmers and seed suppliers. Plots were sown mechanically each autumn. The plots were mechanically fertilized according to the Principles of Agricultural Crop Fertilisation in Switzerland (Federal Office for Agriculture) with an average of 140 kg N/ha (ammonium nitrate), applied in three splits (40 at the tillering stage—60 at stem elongation stage—40 when the flag leaf is visible). The experimental trials were conducted following the extenso Swiss scheme, which means that there was no application of any fungicide, insecticide, or plant growth regulator. </p> <p>The performances of single varieties were obtained by going through the trials of the national variety testing program. We gathered the data for the years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The data regarding single varieties could be obtained for three out of the five sites used for the mixtures: 1260, 1567, and 8566. Because there were no national variety trials at the two other sites (8046, 3428), we could not get any data for single varieties in these sites. Thus, all further analyses including single variety data were only done for the three sites mentioned above. At each of these sites, the variety trials were located on the same plot as the mixture trials, even though a little further apart. Therefore, soil parameters and crop precedents were the same between the mixture and variety testing trials. Furthermore, we only selected the national variety testing trials that respected the <em>extenso</em> conditions, that is, no fungicide, pesticide, or growth regulator application, and that received the same amount of fertilization as the mixture trials. In 8566 and 1567, sowing and harvesting dates were identical between the two trials; in 1260, sowing and harvesting dates could vary but remained within a week of each other.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Data collection </em></p> <p>For each plot, heading dates were monitored, and average height at BBCH 59–75 was measured.</p> <p>The prevalence of diseases was scored twice in the growing season. Specifically, the severity of brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew, and Septoria tritici blotch was assessed. This was performed by grading each individual plot from 1 to 9 for each disease, with 1 representing no disease and 9 a complete infection. The scoring scale follows a logistic progression based on the symptoms of the top three leaves. We used the data from the final scoring for statistical analysis, as the disease severity was usually more important then.</p> <p>At maturity, we harvested each plot with a combine harvester. The harvested grains were dried when needed, weighed a first time, then sorted and cleaned by air and with a sieve cleaner, and subsequently weighted again. We measured specific weight and water content at the plot level using a Dickey-John machine (GAC 2100). Grain yield was subsequently standardized to 15% of humidity. Protein content was measured at the site level with a near-infrared instrument (ProxiMate; Büchi instruments).</p>
Agronomic and Environmental Performance of Lemnaminor Cultivated on Agricultural Wastewater Streams—A Practical Approach
<p>This study investigated the potential of Lemna minor to valorise agricultural wastewater in protein-rich feed material in order to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions. For this purpose, three pilot-scale systems were monitored for 175 days under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with the effluent of aquaculture (pikeperch production—PP), a mixture of diluted pig manure wastewater (PM), and a synthetic medium (SM). PM showed the highest productivity (6.1 ± 2.5 g DW m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) and N uptake (327 ± 107 mg N m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). PP yielded a similar productivity and both wastewaters resulted in higher productivities than SM. Furthermore, all media showed similar P uptake rates (65–70 P m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Finally, duckweed had a beneficial amino acid composition for humans (essential amino acid index = 1.1), broilers and pigs. This study also showed that the growing medium had more influence on the productivity of duckweed than on its amino acid composition or protein content, with the latter being only slightly affected by the different media studied. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters while producing quality protein.</p>
Data from: Long term on-farm participatory maize breeding by stratified mass selection retains molecular diversity while improving agronomic performance
Modern maize breeding programs gave rise to genetically uniform varieties that can affect maize's capacity to cope with increasing climate unpredictability. Maize populations, genetically more heterogeneous, can evolve and better adapt to a broader range of edaphic-climatic conditions. These populations usually suffer from low yields; it is therefore desirable to improve their agronomic performance while maintaining their valuable diversity levels. With this objective, a long-term participatory breeding/on-farm conservation program was established in Portugal. In this program maize populations were subject to stratified mass selection. The current work aims to estimate the effect of on-farm stratified mass selection on the agronomic performance, quality, and molecular diversity of two historical maize populations. Multi-location field trials, comparing the initial populations with the derived selection cycles, showed that this selection methodology led to agronomic improvement for one of the populations. The molecular diversity analysis, using microsatellites, revealed that overall genetic diversity in both populations was maintained throughout selection. The comparison of quality parameters between the initial populations and the derived selection cycles was done using kernel from a common garden experiment. This analysis showed that the majority of the quality traits evaluated progressed erratically over time. In conclusion, this breeding approach, through simple and low-cost methodologies, proved to be an alternative strategy for genetic resources' on-farm conservation.
Dataset for "Ammonia water as a biobased fertiliser: Evaluating agronomic and environmental performance for Lactuca sativa compared to synthetic fertilisers"
<p>This datasent was uploaded as an addition to the works published in "Ammonia water as a biobased fertiliser: Evaluating agronomic and environmental performance for <em>Lactuca sativa</em> compared to synthetic fertilisers". DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102907</p> <p>1) The 1st attached file contains the raw and calculated dataset for the greenhouse gas emission monitering from the lettuce pot trials for the different bio-based fertilisers under Belgian pilot plant.</p> <p>2) The 2nd attached file contains the raw and calculated dataset for biomass, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen fertiliser replacement value, nitrogen use efficiency and other agronomic data related to the lettuce pot trials from the different bio-based fertilisers under Belgian pilot plant.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Long term on-farm participatory maize breeding by stratified mass selection retains molecular diversity while improving agronomic performance
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