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41 results for “alternative host”
Fig. 1 in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae): a new alternative host for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil
Fig. 1. Acca sellowiana fruit showing characteristic symptoms of Conotrachelus psidii attack: damage caused by feeding (black circles) and oviposition (white circles). An adult male of C. psidii is indicated by a black arrow, and an egg-laying adult female of Drosophila sp. is indicated by a white arrow.
Figure 4 in Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the pest insect Edessa meditabunda in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as an alternative host plant
Figure 4. Surface maps constructed based on Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation showing spatial distribution of nymphs + adults in cotton between 55 (A) 70 (B), 77 (C), 84 (D), 91 (E) days after emergence (DAE) and Sum of all Evaluations (F). Low density is represented in green while red indicates high density of E. meditabunda.
Figure 3 in Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the pest insect Edessa meditabunda in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as an alternative host plant
Figure 3. Surface maps constructed based on Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation showing spatial distribution of adults in cotton between 55 (A) 70 (B), 77 (C), 84 (D), 91 (E) days after emergence (DAE) and Sum of all Evaluations (F). Low density is represented in green while red indicates high density of E. meditabunda.
Figure 1 in Temporal variation and spatial distribution of the pest insect Edessa meditabunda in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as an alternative host plant
Figure 1 Temporal variation of Edessa meditabunda population in the alternative host plant Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) in experimental Field of Dourados, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Parasitism rate of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) in the presence of an alternative, resistant host
Fig. 1. (A) Proportion of M. persicae parasitized by D. rapae in plants with resistant or susceptible L. pseudobrassicae populations. (B) Proportion of resistant or susceptible L. pseudobrassicae parasitized by D. rapae in plants with M. persicae.
Fig. 2 in Parasitism rate of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) in the presence of an alternative, resistant host
Fig. 2. Relationship between the absolute number of L. pseudobrassicae parasitized by D. rapae and the percentage of parasitism on M. persicae. Each symbol represents a different plant.
Fig. 3 in Parasitism rate of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) in the presence of an alternative, resistant host
Fig. 3. (A) Relative growth rates of M. persicae and resistant L. pseudobrassicae populations. (B) Relative growth rates of M. persicae and susceptible L. pseudobrassicae populations.
Data from: A well-studied parasitoid fly of field crickets uses multiple alternative hosts in its introduced range
<p>Organisms and their natural enemies can have dynamic coevolutionary trajectories, but anthropogenic effects like species introductions interrupt existing coevolutionary relationships. For parasites in particular, if they are introduced to a location without their hosts, they can only persist in the new environment if alternative hosts are 1) present, 2) detectable to parasites, and 3) capable of sustaining parasites. The circumstances surrounding the addition of alternative hosts to a parasite's repertoire are rarely observed. The parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea locates its field cricket hosts by orienting acoustically to their conspicuous mating songs. In Hawaii, O. ochracea is only known to parasitize one species, Teleogryllus oceanicus, but rapid evolution of T. oceanicus mating song over the past 20 years has led to several prevalent morphs of the cricket that produce no song or novel songs that the flies cannot detect. Yet flies persist in populations that lack ancestral singing T. oceanicus, prompting us to investigate the possibility of alternative hosts in Hawaii. We demonstrate first that three potential alternative hosts (Gryllodes sigillatus, Gryllus bimaculatus, and Modicogryllus pacificus) are present. Second, O. ochracea exhibits a positive phonotactic response to all three species' songs in the field and in the lab. And third, O. ochracea can successfully develop to pupae and emerge as adults in all three species. Our discovery of alternative hosts for O. ochracea in Hawaii infuses the system with intriguing complexity and offers extensive opportunities for future work.</p>
Data from: A well-studied parasitoid fly of field crickets uses multiple alternative hosts in its introduced range
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Effects of an alternative host on the prevalence and infection intensity of a bumble bee parasite
<p>Several bee parasites are transmitted through flowers, and some of them can infect multiple host species. Given the shared use of flowers by bee species, parasites can potentially encounter multiple host species, which could affect the evolution of parasite virulence. We used the trypanosomatid parasite <em>Crithidia bombi</em> and its host, the common eastern bumble bee (<em>Bombus impatiens</em>), to explore the effect of infecting an alternative host, the alfalfa leaf-cutter bee (<em>Megachile rotundata</em>), on parasite infectivity and ability to replicate. We conducted a serial passage experiment on primary and alternative hosts, assessing infectivity and intensity of infection during five passes. Parasite cells from each pass through the alternative host were also used to infect a group of primary hosts. We found that serial passes through the alternative host increased infectivity, but there was no effect on intensity of infection. Interestingly, both the probability and intensity of infection on the primary host increased after serial passage through the alternative host. This increase in intensity of infection could be due to maladaptation after selection of new <em>C. bombi</em> strains has occurred in the alternative host. This study suggests that host switching has the potential to affect the adaptation of bee parasites to their hosts.</p>
Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation
<p>The dataset is from a study examining the effects of host plant water stress on the developmental and transcriptomic responses of its specialist Lepidopteran herbivore. The study combines host plant metabolic profiling with development assays and full-transcriptome sequencing of herbivore larvae. First, we profiled metabolic differences between well-watered and water-limited ribwort plantain (<em>Plantago lanceolata</em>) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR). Second, we tested how performance of developing Glanville fritillary (<em>Melitaea cinxia</em>) larvae was affected by host plant water limitation experienced at different larval developmental stages. Third, we examined larval gene regulatory responses to water limited host plants by sequencing full transcriptomes of 77 female larvae (RNA seq). Finally, to examine intrapopulation variation in the responses of the larvae, we compared the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses across full-sib families originating from different parts of the metapopulation. In this dataset, we provide data for the <em>P. lanceolata</em> metabolite responses to water limitation and developmental responses of the <em>M. cinxia</em> larvae to feeding on water limited <em>P. lanceolata</em>. The transcriptomic data are available from NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus, with the accession number GSE159376.</p>
Developmental parameters of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) on alternative host plants
<p>Survival and development of <em>Opisina arenosella</em> Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), the leaf eating caterpillar of coconut, were studied on three host plants on which comparatively high feeding rates were observed: <em>Artocarpus heterophyllus </em>Lam.<em> </em>(Jack fruit), <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>Jacq.<em> </em>(Oil palm) and <em>Anacardium occidentale </em>L. (Cashew), plus coconut palm (<em>Cocos nucifera</em> L.). A freshly hatched first instar <em>O. arenosella</em> larva was transferred onto the leaf in a glass beaker and reared on them. Fresh leaves were provided every 48 h until pupation of <em>O. arenosella</em> larvae. The larval period, pupal period and the longevity of the successfully developing adult female moths were recorded. For each plant species, there were ten replicates yielding adult moths. Data on the length of <em>O. arenosella</em> developmental stages and adult longevity had homogenous variance (Bartlett’s test on residuals from ANOVA of developmental time across plant species: Larval period, v2 = 5.13, df = 3, P = 0.163; Pupal period, v2 = 0.15, df = 3, P = 0.986; Longevity, v2 = 1.58, df = 3, P = 0.664) and were normally distributed (Shapiro–Wilk test: Larval period, W = 0.978, P = 0.632; Pupal period, W = 0.981, P = 0.714; Longevity, W = 0.974, P = 0.472). Thus, the effects of plant species on each of these measures were tested using one-way ANOVA in GenStat. Aggregation of factor levels was used to evaluate differences between treatments when overall results were significant (Crawley 1993). The larval period differed significantly across all four plant species presented and was shortest when on coconut. Pupal periods were also shortest on coconut but did not differ among larvae fed on the three intercrops. The longevity of adult females was unaffected by the species of plant on which larvae had fed.</p>
Effects of an alternative host on the prevalence and infection intensity of a bumble bee parasite
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Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation
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Data from: Experimental investigation of alternative transmission functions: quantitative evidence for the importance of non-linear transmission dynamics in host-parasite systems
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Data from: The contemporary distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans, alternative hosts and vectors
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Data from: Alternative paths to success in a parasite community: within-host competition can favor higher virulence or direct interference
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Data from: Plant host identity and soil macronutrients explain little variation in sapling endophyte community composition: is disturbance an alternative explanation?
1. Bacterial endophytes may be fairly host specific; nonetheless, an important subset of taxa may be shared among numerous host species forming a community-wide core microbiome. Moreover, other key factors, particularly the supply of limiting macronutrients and disturbances, may supersede the importance of host identity. 2. We tested the following four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: 1. The Host Identity Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among different host plant species. 2. The Core Microbiome Hypothesis: a subset of microbial taxa will be shared among all host plant species. 3. The Soil Resource Supply Hypothesis: endophytes vary substantially among habitats with experimentally elevated levels of macronutrients. 4. The Disturbance-Disruption Hypothesis: disturbances created by the periodic application of antibiotics structure bacterial endophyte communities. 3. We tested these hypotheses by characterizing endophytes using high-throughput sequencing among seedlings of five phylogenetically diverse tree species nested within a long-term, full factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium soil fertilization experiment. We artificially disturbed one of our focal species by applying antibiotics every 10-14 days for 29 months within the soil (N,P,K) fertilization experiment. 4. While we detected a significant effect of host identity and soil nutrient additions, together they explained little variation in endophyte community composition (< 10%). We found unequivocal evidence for a core microbiome shared by all species. Specifically, we found nine OTUs were present among 95% or more of all control saplings, representing a third of the total reads. These bacterial taxa belonged to the Actinobacteria. 5. In contrast, disturbance (antibiotics) explained more endophyte variation than all nutrient addition combinations combined and twice the variation explained by host identity for all five tree species. Synthesis: Our results challenge the idea that host identity is a primary filter shaping bacterial endophyte communities; this suggests that many of the same bacterial taxa occur inside plant hosts even if those host plants are phylogenetically diverse. Moreover, we documented a distinct core microbiome shared among our five focal tree species. Finally, we found that disturbance was an important driver of microbial community composition, which parallels the importance of disturbance in other areas of community ecology.
Data from: Do mites evolving in alternating host plants adapt to host switch?
A fluctuating environment may be perceived as a composition of different environments, or as an environment per se, in which it is the fluctuation itself that poses a selection pressure. If so, then organisms may adapt to this alternation. We tested this using experimental populations of spider mites that have been evolving for 45 generations in a homogeneous environment (pepper or tomato plants), or in a heterogeneous environment composed of an alternation of these two plants approximately at each generation. The performance (daily oviposition rate and juvenile survival) of individuals from these populations was tested in each of the homogeneous environments, and in two alternating environments, one every three days and the other between generations. To discriminate between potential genetic interactions between alleles conferring adaptation to each host plant and environmental effects of evolving in a fluctuating environment, we compared the performance of all lines with that of a cross between tomato and pepper lines. As a control, two lines within each selection regime were also crossed. We found that crosses between alternating lines and between pepper and tomato lines performed worse than crosses between lines evolving in homogeneous environments when tested in that environment. In contrast, alternating lines performed either better or similarly to lines evolving in homogeneous environments when tested in a fluctuating environment. Our results suggest that fluctuating environments are more than the juxtaposition of two environments. Hence, tests for adaptation of organisms evolving in such environments should be done in fluctuating conditions.
Figure 3 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 3 - Web modification in Mecynogea biggiba induced by the parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis japi. A Normal web of M. biggiba B–C Cocoon webs in lateral view, and D close of the center of the cocoon web. Arrows indicate the dome-shaped part of the web (white), hub of the dome (red) and support threads (green).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.