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10 results for “ancient sedimentary plant DNA”
Data for: Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
<p>Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4–11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions.</p>
Data for: Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
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High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
<p>The European Alps are highly rich in species, but their future may be threatened by ongoing changes in human land use and climate. Here, we reconstructed vegetation, temperature, human impact and livestock over the past ~12,000 years from Lake Sulsseewli, based on sedimentary ancient plant and mammal DNA, pollen, spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal. We assembled a highly-complete local DNA reference library (PhyloAlps, 3,923 plant taxa), and used this to obtain an exceptionally rich <em>sed</em>aDNA record of 366 plant taxa. Vegetation mainly responded to climate during the early Holocene, while human activity had an additional influence on vegetation from 6 ka onwards. Land-use shifted from episodic grazing during the Neolithic and Bronze Age to agropastoralism in the Middle Ages. Associated human deforestation allowed the coexistence of plant species typically found at different elevational belts, leading to levels of plant richness that characterise the current high diversity of this region. Our findings indicate a positive association between low-intensity agropastoral activities and precipitation with the maintenance of the unique subalpine and alpine plant diversity of the European Alps.</p>
Fungus and plant sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding data from five lakes in Siberia
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High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
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Plant sedimentary ancient DNA data from Far East Russia
<p>Woody plants are expanding into the Arctic in response to the warming climate. The impact on arctic plants is not well understood due to the limited knowledge about plant assembly rules. Past plant diversity over long time series is rare. Here, we applied sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding targeting the P6 loop of the chloroplast <i>trnL</i> gene to a sediment record from Lake Ilirney (central Chukotka, Far Eastern Russia) covering the last 28 thousand years. Our results show that forb-rich steppe-tundra and dwarf-shrub tundra dominated during the cold climate before 14 ka, while deciduous erect-shrub tundra was abundant during the warm period since 14 ka. <i>Larix</i> invasion during the late Holocene substantially lagged behind the likely warmest period between 10 and 6 ka, where the vegetation coverage was densest. We reveal highest richness during 28–23 ka and a second richness peak during 13–10 ka, with both periods being accompanied by low shrub abundance. During the cold period before 14 ka, rich communities were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting low genetic divergence in the communities despite the great number of species. This probably originates from environmental filtering along with niche differentiation due to limited resources under harsh environmental conditions. In contrast, during the warmer period after 14 ka, rich communities were phylogenetically overdispersed. This results from a high number of species which were found to harbor high genetic divergence, likely originating from an erratic recruitment process in the course of warming. Some of our evidence may be of relevance for inferring future arctic plant assembly rules and diversity changes. By analogy to the past, we expect a lagged response of tree invasion. Plant richness may overshoot in the short term; in the long-term, however, the ongoing expansion of deciduous shrubs will eventually result in a phylogenetically more diverse community.</p>
Ancient sedimentary plant DNA dataset from Batagay (B17), Yakutia
<p>Here we provide a dataset on genetic plant diversity retrieved from permafrost sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of the Batagay megaslump, Yakutia. Our dataset encompasses sedaDNA sequence data of 10 sediment samples. We used a PCR-based metabarcoding approach combined with Next-Generation Sequencing to assess the past, local vegetation compositional changes around the megaslump. As a plant specific metabarcode we applied the established chloroplastidal P6 loop trnL marker for plant diversity assessment. PCR products were sequenced on one Illumina sequencing HiSeq 2500 run.</p>
Plant sedimentary ancient DNA data from Far East Russia
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Ancient sedimentary plant DNA dataset from Batagay (B17), Yakutia
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Ancient sedimentary plant DNA and pollen dataset from Bolshoe Toko Lake, southeastern Siberia
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