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165 results for “anthocyanins”
Dataset from Computational modeling of anthocyanin pathway evolution: Biases, hotspots, and trade-offs
<p>This directory contains the scripts used to run simulations, Jupyter notebook with complete analysis, and serialized (pickled) raw simulated dataset from our paper "<em>Computational modeling of anthocyanin pathway evolution: Biases, hotspots, and trade-offs</em>". These materials are referenced in the main text and supplemental text of the publication. The purpose of this repository is to facilitate replication of our analysis by any interested parties. </p>
Data from: Coding-sequence evolution does not explain divergence in petal anthocyanin pigmentation between Mimulus luteus var. luteus and M. l. variegatus
<p><span>Biologists have long been interested in understanding genetic constraints on the evolution of development. For example, noncoding changes in a gene might be favored relative to coding changes due to being less constrained by pleiotropic effects. Here we evaluate the importance of coding-sequence changes to the recent evolution of a novel anthocyanin pigmentation trait in the monkeyflower genus <em>Mimulus</em>. The magenta-flowered <em>Mimulus</em> <em>luteus</em> var. <em>variegatus</em> recently gained petal lobe anthocyanin pigmentation via a single-locus Mendelian difference from its sister taxon, the yellow-flowered <em>M. l. luteus</em>. Previous work showed that the differentially expressed transcription factor gene <em>MYB5a</em>/<em>NEGAN</em> is the single causal gene. However, it was not clear whether <em>MYB5a</em> coding-sequence evolution (in addition to the observed patterns of differential expression) might also have contributed to increased anthocyanin production in <em>M. l. variegatus</em>. Quantitative image analysis of tobacco leaves, transfected with <em>MYB5a</em> coding sequence from each taxon, revealed robust anthocyanin production driven by both alleles. Counter to expectations, significantly higher anthocyanin production was driven by the allele from the low-anthocyanin <em>M. l. luteus.</em> Together with previously-published expression studies, this supports the hypothesis that petal pigment in <em>M. l. variegatus</em> was not gained by protein-coding changes, but instead solely via non-coding cis-regulatory evolution. Finally, while constructing the transgenes needed for this experiment, we unexpectedly discovered two sites in <em>MYB5a</em> that appear to be post-transcriptionally edited – a phenomenon that has been rarely reported, and even less often explored, for nuclear-encoded plant mRNAs.</span></p>
Young male blackcaps with blood parasite coinfections cope with oxidative stress favouring anthocyanin-rich food during migratory fattening
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Data from: Coding-sequence evolution does not explain divergence in petal anthocyanin pigmentation between Mimulus luteus var. luteus and M. l. variegatus
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Anthocyanin impacts multiple plant-insect interactions in a carnivorous plant
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Season, anthocyanin supplementation, and flight training have mixed effects on the antioxidant system of migratory European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
<p>Migratory birds engage in two periods of endurance flight annually as they travel between summer breeding and overwintering grounds, and such endurance flights likely incur oxidative costs. These costs may differ between fall and spring migration, especially for females who must prepare for breeding and egg laying in spring. The objective of this study of a migratory bird was to test proposed hypotheses about how key components of the female's antioxidant system differ in response to flight training in the fall and spring and to dietary antioxidant supplementation. We hand-raised female European starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) and then fed them either a diet supplemented with dietary anthocyanins or a diet without added anthocyanins. <a name="_Hlk53656115">We then flew females in a windtunnel for 15 days during fall and spring migration seasons and measured over time oxidative damage (d-ROMs) and three components of the antioxidant system</a>—non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (OXY), uric acid, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Prior to flight training, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage were lower in females during spring compared to fall, and females fed a low-antioxidant diet had consistently higher circulating uric acid. GPx activity decreased more in spring immediately after a long-duration flight. Females fed a high-antioxidant diet had a greater decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity after the 15-day flight training. <a name="_Hlk53656268">Flight-trained females had higher circulating uric acid than untrained females immediately after the longest-duration flight</a>, and decreased GPx activity after the 15-day flight training. In sum, females upregulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic endogenous antioxidants in spring, and females fed a diet with less antioxidants appear to compensate by increasing circulating uric acid. Our findings emphasize the important role of dietary antioxidants for birds during migration, <a name="_Hlk53656372">and that similar flights in fall and spring likely represent distinct oxidative challenges in the life history of female birds.</a></p>
The catalytic role of glutathione transferases in heterologous anthocyanin biosynthesis
<p>Electronic energies, entropies, enthalpies, Gibbs free energies, and lowest frequencies of the QM-calculated structures (<em>QM_Energies.xlsx</em>).</p> <p>Gaussian 16 input and output files, and optimized geometries in MOL2 format, for all QM-calculated structures <em>(QM_calculations.zip</em>).</p> <p>Input coordinates, topology file (in Amber and PDB formats) and output geometries (in PDB format) for the Molecular Dynamics equilibration of the GST-GSH-flav-3-on-4-ol (<strong>7</strong>) ternary complex (<em>MD_equilibration.zip</em>).</p> <p>Optimized geometries for the PtGSTF8-catalyzed deprotonation-protonation reaction: flavan-3-on-4-ol (<strong>7</strong>), transition state for deprotonation (<strong>7-TS</strong>), deprotonation product (<strong>8-enolate</strong>) and cyanidin (<strong>8-B4</strong>) bound to the wildtype enzyme and the C13S variant (<em>QMMM_optimized_structures.zip</em>).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Efficacy of Anthocyanin Mouthrinse for Oral Anti-inflammation From Orthodontic Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02536781. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Protein kinase FaSnRK2.6 phosphorylates transcription factor FabHLH3 to regulate anthocyanin homeostasis during strawberry fruit ripening
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Season, anthocyanin supplementation, and flight training have mixed effects on the antioxidant system of migratory European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
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Data from: Molecular evolution of anthocyanin pigmentation genes following losses of flower color
Background: Phenotypic transitions, such as trait gain or loss, are predicted to carry evolutionary consequences for the genes that control their development. For example, trait losses can result in molecular decay of the pathways underlying the trait. Focusing on the Iochrominae clade (Solanaceae), we examine how repeated losses of floral anthocyanin pigmentation associated with flower color transitions have affected the molecular evolution of three anthocyanin pathway genes (Chi, F3h, and Dfr). Results: We recovered intact coding regions for the three genes in all of the lineages that have lost floral pigmentation, suggesting that molecular decay is not associated with these flower color transitions. However, two of the three genes (Chi, F3h) show significantly elevated dN/dS ratios in lineages without floral pigmentation. Maximum likelihood analyses suggest that this increase is due to relaxed constraint on anthocyanin genes in the unpigmented lineages as opposed to positive selection. Despite the increase, the values for dN/dS in both pigmented and unpigmented lineages were consistent overall with purifying selection acting on these loci. Conclusions: The broad conservation of anthocyanin pathway genes across lineages with and without floral anthocyanins is consistent with the growing consensus that losses of pigmentation are largely achieved by changes in gene expression as opposed to structural mutations. Moreover, this conservation maintains the potential for regain of flower color, and indicates that evolutionary losses of floral pigmentation may be readily reversible.
Prebiotic Systems Containing Anthocyanin-Rich Pomegranate Flower Extracts with Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects
<p>Publication and related data</p>
Fig. 4 in Assessing the diversity of anthocyanin composition in various tissues of purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Fig. 4. Chromatograms of tissue extracts representing the diversity in maize pigment production. Compound identities correspond to Table 2.
Fig. 1 in Assessing the diversity of anthocyanin composition in various tissues of purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Fig. 1. Anthocyanin pigmentation in the various tissue types of pigmented maize. A) Genetic stock 320 N demonstrating the a3 phenotype. Husks, tassels, and leaf sheaths are intensely purple. B) Apache Red Cob (PI 213730) with weak leaf sheath, silk, and tassel pigmentation. C) Member of the Apache Red Cob × 320 N population demonstrating the a3 phenotype with intense leaf sheath, anther, husk, tassel, and silk pigmentation. D) Member of the Apache Red Cob × 320 N population with silk and anther pigmentation, but weak stalk and tassel pigmentation. E) Ear with the a3 phenotype and dark silks. F) Ear with dark silks and weak husk pigmentation. G) Typical a3 husk. H) Tassel with the a3 phenotype and dark anthers. I) Pigmented anther tissue. J) Purple corn. K) Purple cobs. L) Purple seedling. Photo Credit A–K UI Public Affairs: L. Brian Stauffer. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6 in Assessing the diversity of anthocyanin composition in various tissues of purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Fig. 6. Tristimulus color values for extracts representing the diversity in anthocyanin composition in maize tissues. Color squares are from representative extracts of clusters determined by Ward's Minimum Variance Method compared to cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G), and FD&C Red No. 40. Each sample was adjusted to a pH of 1, 3, or 6 and normalized to 50 μg mL 1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Assessing the diversity of anthocyanin composition in various tissues of purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Fig. 2. Structure of the newly described anthocyanin cyanidin 3-6′′-phenylacetylglucoside with fragmentation patterns. The structure of cyanidin 3-6′′-phenylacetylglucoside is shown with molecule positions labeled. Ion fragmentation pattern by LC-MS/MS results in cyanidin. Spontaneous degradation of cyanidin 3-6′′- phenylacetylglucoside results in phenylacetic acid and cyanidin 3-glucoside.
Fig. 5 in Assessing the diversity of anthocyanin composition in various tissues of purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Fig. 5. Heatmap of the average proportion of each compound separated by cluster, Rows indicate compound identities in Table 2. The color of each compound is scaled according to the legend. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Inflammatory and metabolic biomarker assessment in a randomized presurgical trial of curcumin and anthocyanin supplements in patients with colorectal adenomas
<p>Supplementary Figures of the manuscript entitled: Inflammatory and metabolic biomarker assessment in a randomized presurgical trial of curcumin and anthocyanin supplements in patients with colorectal adenomas.</p> <p>Supplementary Figure S1. Univariate analysis of IL-10 changes by BMI</p> <p>Supplementary Figure S2. Univariate analysis of leptin changes by dietary anthocyanin intake</p> <p>Supplementary Figure S3. Mixed models analysis of post-intervention IGFBP-3 by colorectal cancer family history</p> <p>Supplementary Figure S4. Mixed models analysis of adiponectin by treatment arm</p>
Fig. 7 in Real-time fluorescence imaging of anthocyanins complexed with diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl inside B16-F10 melanoma cells
Fig. 7. (A) Fluorescence microscopy imaging of control (untreated cells (a), DPBA treated (b)) and treated with AE (c), CY (e) AE@DPBA (d), CY@DPBA (f) B16–F10 cells, for 24 h. The B16–F10 cells were stained for nuclei-DAPI (Blue), cytoskeleton-phalloidin Alexa 488 (Green), and AN@DPBA (Red), Scale bars, 20 and 10 μm. (B) Measurement of AN@DPBA complex fluorescence intensity in AE- and CY treated cells, compared to the free DPBA control. The results are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical analysis were performed by Student's t-test. (p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ** (p <0.01); ns (non-significant)).
Fig. 2 in Real-time fluorescence imaging of anthocyanins complexed with diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl inside B16-F10 melanoma cells
Fig. 2. (A) Proposed reaction route of DPBA complexing with cyanidin CY; (B) 1HNMR spectra at 400 MHz in D3COD for CY (blue), CY@DPBA complex (green), and DPBA (red). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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