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79 results for “anthropogenic effects”
Groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands and the disrupting effect of anthropogenically altered streamflow
This dataset includes data inputs from public sources, scripts and outputs to evaluate riparian vegetation reliance on groundwater across California from 2015 to 2020. This dataset accompanies the Rohde et al. paper titled, Groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands and the disrupting effect of anthropogenically altered streamflow. The provided scripts process groundwater, vegetation, climate, and streamflow input data from various sources. Further, all output data and statistical analyses are included.
Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II (LINX II): a cross-site study of the effects of anthropogenic land use change on nitrate uptake and retention in 72 streams across 8 different biomes (2003 – 2006).
The LINX II (Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment) project was designed to quantify the rates and mechanisms of nitrate retention in streams using stable isotope tracer additions. The study encompassed 72 stream reaches spread across 8 North American biomes. Within each biome, 9 streams were selected in three watershed land-use categories: 3 reference, 3 agricultural, and 3 urbanized. The core of the study was a 24-hour release of 15N- labeled nitrate. Prior to the isotope addition, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the stream were measured. The measurements included, but were not limited to, dissolved nutrient concentrations, dissolved conservative tracer additions (to quantify hydraulic and hyporheic retention, velocity and discharge), standing stocks of primary uptake biota (including suspended and benthic particulate materials) as well as channel dimensions, photosynthetically active radiation, and water temperature. During the isotope release, whole stream rates of ecosystem metabolism were quantified (including quantification of re-aeration coefficients using tracer gas additions), and concentrations of 15N-labeled NO3, NH4, N2 and N2O were measured. Immediately following the isotope addition, 15N uptake by aquatic organisms was quantified by sampling biomass components on the stream bed. The data generated from these 72 stream reaches were used to develop a stream nitrogen retention model for each biome, which was expanded to entire drainage networks to predict nitrogen fluxes. The LINX II study demonstrated how biotic uptake of nitrate and denitrification increased with increasing nitrate concentrations. However, the efficiency of total uptake and denitrification actually declined with increasing nitrate concentrations (such as those seen on agricultural or urbanized streams), yielding higher rates of dissolved nitrogen exports downstream. The datasets presented here consist of the primary data collected by the LINX II study participants.
Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores
Interaction among species is central to the stability of community structure. However, anthropogenic pressures alter interactions, disrupt trophic levels, and threaten ecosystem stability. Understanding interactions across human land-use gradients is fundamental to mitigating anthropogenic threats effectively and better managing threatened species. Using data from a large-scale camera trap survey, we developed a multispecies occupancy model for a carnivore guild comprising tiger, leopard, and dhole to investigate the effects of environmental (forest and prey abundance) and anthropogenic (settlement) variables on the interspecific interaction. Human settlement density had a strong but contrasting effect on interaction: as settlement density increased, tigers and leopards were less likely to coexist whereas leopards and dholes were more likely to occur together. Tiger and dhole occupancy was negatively associated with settlement density whereas, the leopard was positively associated. Per cent forest cover and large prey abundance had ubiquitous positive effects on carnivore occupancy. Our results indicate that human presence alters available niche space and spatial overlap among predators affecting interactions. The duality in the effect of the settlement on interacting pairs suggests that humans create a landscape of fear for apex predators but promotes coexistence between subordinate species partially supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
Effects of severe anthropogenic disturbance on the heart rate and body temperature in free-living greylag geese (Anser anser)
<p>Anthropogenic disturbances are a major concern for the welfare and conservation of wildlife. We recorded heart rate and body temperature of 20 free-living greylag geese in response to a major regularly re-occurring anthropogenic disturbance, New Year’s Eve fireworks. Heart rate and body temperature were significantly higher in the first and second hour of the new year, compared to the same hour on the 31<sup>st</sup> of December, the average during December and the average during January. Heart rate and body temperature was not significantly affected by sex or age. From 0200-0300 onwards, 1<sup>st</sup> of January heart rates did not significantly differ from the other periods, however body temperatures were significantly increased until 0300-0400. From 0400-0500, heart rate was not affected by any of the investigated factors, whereas body temperature was significantly increased on the 1<sup>st</sup> of January compared 31<sup>st</sup> of December and the December average but not compared to the January average. To conclude, our results show that New Year’s Eve fireworks cause a substantial physiological response, indicative of a stress response in greylag geese, which is costly in terms of energy expenditure.</p>
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 5, 6. Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 size in State Park of Itapeva (green circle) and Real beach (blue circle), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 5, female; 6, male.
Fig. 1 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Fig. 1. Location map of sampling areas for the two populations of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 in the study, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Triangle: Real beach; Circle: State Park of Itapeva (PEI).
Figs 2-4 in Effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the survival of the sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)
Figs 2-4. Abundance of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 estimated in each primary sampling occasion for State Park of Itapeva (P) and Real beach (R), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 2, adult males; 3, adult females; 4, juveniles. Samplings 1 – 3 were conducted in 2015 and 4 – 6 in 2016; Vertical lines are representative of confidence intervals of 95%.
Fig. 1 in Effects of small-scale anthropogenic alterations in Euglossini bees at eastern Amazon forest
Fig. 1. Sampling transects located in the Caxiuanà National Forest, northeastern of ParÁ State, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in Effects of small-scale anthropogenic alterations in Euglossini bees at eastern Amazon forest
Fig. 2. Abundances of individuals (A), species richness (B) and species diversity (C) of the Euglossine bees between areas (altered and preserved) in the Caxiuanà National Forest, ParÁ, Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Effects of small-scale anthropogenic alterations in Euglossini bees at eastern Amazon forest
Fig. 3. PCoA ordination showing differences in species composition of Euglossini bees sampled in transects of the preserved area (triangles) and transects of the altered area (circles) at Caixuanà National Forest, ParÁ, Brazil.
Data from: Genetic effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on remnant animal and plant populations: a meta-analysis
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Data from: Seasonal and anthropogenic effects on niche overlap and habitat selection by sympatric bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and wolves (Canis lupus) in a human-dominated landscape
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Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores
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Effects of anthropogenic activity on global terrestrial gross primary production (LAI and FAPAR)
<p>This data set contains the 100-member ensembles of monthly leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) estimated using GIMMS3g LAI and FAPAR and d4PDF air temperature by the method described in Sasai et al. (2016) for historical and non-warming climates in 1951-2010/2011. Data is 0.5625-degree (640×320) 4-byte binary (.raw). Undefined value is -9999.</p> <p>For more details, please check the ReadmeVeg.pdf</p> <p>If you questions, please contact Irina Melnikova (irina.melnikova.russia@gmail.com)</p>
Data from: Combined effect of anthropogenic noise and artificial night lighting negatively affect Western Bluebird chick development
<p>Sensory pollutants such as anthropogenic noise and night lighting now expose much of the world to evolutionarily novel sound and night lighting conditions. An emerging body of literature has reported a variety of deleterious effects caused by these stimuli, spanning behavioral, physiological, population and community-level responses. However, the combined influence of noise and light has received almost no attention despite the co-occurrence of these stimuli in many landscapes. Here we evaluated the singular and combined effects of these stimuli on Western Bluebird (<i>Sialia mexicana</i>) reproductive success using a field-based manipulation. Nests exposed to noise and light together experienced less predation than control and light-exposed nests, and noise-exposed nests experienced less predation than control nests, yet overall nest success was only higher in noise-exposed nests compared to light-exposed nests. Although exposure to light decreased nestling body condition and evidence was mixed for the singular effects of noise or light on nestling size, those nestlings exposed to noise and light together were smaller across several metrics than nestlings in control nests. Our results support previous research on the singular effects of either stimuli, including potential benefits, such as reduced nest predation with noise exposure. However, our results also suggest that noise and light together can negatively affect some aspects of reproduction more strongly than either sensory pollutant alone. This finding is especially important given that these stimuli tend to covary and are projected to increase dramatically in the next several decades.</p>
Data from: Anthropogenic land-use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes
1. As ecosystems experience simultaneous disturbances, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors interact to affect ecological change. Land-use change (LUC) and extreme flow events are two important stressors that could interact to affect fish populations. 2. We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of discharge and LUC associated with oil and natural gas development (ONGD) on populations of two stream fishes over a seven-year period. We used repeated-state (i.e., abundance trends) and rate (i.e., colonization and persistence) responses to advance our understanding of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework. 3. Overall, fish abundance, colonization, and persistence declined in association with discharge. The effect of LUC associated with ONGD differed between species, with the abundance of Mottled Sculpin declining and Mountain Sucker increasing. We found both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between discharge and LUC. LUC intensified the effect of low flows for one species and lead to greater variability in responses to flows for the other species. These differences between species' responses are likely due to differences in their physiological tolerances and behavioral adaptations to disturbance. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our research provides empirical evidence for the complex interactions that can arise between discharge and anthropogenic LUC. Management efforts (e.g., silt fences, vegetation replanting, and in-stream restoration) to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic alterations and promote high-quality refuge habitats could help mitigate the effect of hydrologic extremes. Further development of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework will help guide management of stream fishes, and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying flow-ecology relationships for different species.06-Sep-2019
Data from: Chronic anthropogenic noise disrupts glucocorticoid signaling and has multiple effects on fitness in an avian community
Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive pollutant that decreases environmental quality by disrupting a suite of behaviors vital to perception and communication. However, even within populations of noise-sensitive species, individuals still select breeding sites located within areas exposed to high noise levels, with largely unknown physiological and fitness consequences. We use a study system in the natural gas fields of northern New Mexico to test the prediction that exposure to noise causes glucocorticoid-signaling dysfunction and decreases fitness in a community of secondary cavity nesting birds. In accordance with these predictions, and across all species, we find strong support for noise exposure decreasing baseline corticosterone in adults and nestlings and, conversely, increasing acute stressor-induced corticosterone in nestlings. We also document fitness consequences with increased noise in the form of reduced hatching success in the western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), the species most likely to nest in noisiest environments. Nestlings of all three species exhibited accelerated growth of both feathers and body size at intermediate noise amplitudes compared to low or higher amplitudes. Our results are consistent with recent experimental laboratory studies, and show that noise functions as a chronic, inescapable stressor. Anthropogenic noise likely impairs environmental risk perception by species relying on acoustic cues, and, ultimately, leads to impacts on fitness. Our work, when taken together with recent efforts to document noise across the landscape, implies potential widespread, noise-induced chronic stress coupled with reduced fitness for many species reliant on acoustic cues.
Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SMv1
<p>This archive contains processed E3SMv1 simulation data documented the following manuscript: </p> <p>Zhang et al. (2021): Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SMv1: historical changes, causality, decomposition, and parameterization sensitivities. In submission to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. </p> <p>The E3SM maint-1.0 code (E3SM github hash 849d9ee, https://github.com/E3SM-Project/E3SM/tree/849d9ee1a4996e7bea9a6dcc53784259d8272ab8) used for nudged simulations was obtained from the E3SM project sponsored by the U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.</p>
Ecological drivers of avian diversity in a subtropical landscape: effects of habitat diversity, primary productivity and anthropogenic disturbance
<p>Understanding the roles of ecological drivers in shaping biodiversity is fundamental for conservation practice. In this study, we explored the effects of elevation, conservation status, primary productivity, habitat diversity, and anthropogenic disturbance (represented by human population density and birding history) on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional avian diversity in a subtropical landscape in southeastern China. We conducted bird surveys using 1-km transects across a total of 30 sites, of which 10 sites were located within a natural reserve. Metrics of functional diversity were calculated based on six functional traits (body mass, clutch size, dispersal ratio, sociality, diet and foraging stratum). We built simultaneous autoregression models to assess the association between the ecological factors and diversity of the local avian communities. Local avian diversity generally increased with increasing habitat diversity, human population density and primary productivity. We also detected phylogenetic and functional clustering in these communities, suggesting that the avian assemblages were structured mainly by environmental filtering, rather than interspecific competition. Compared to sites outside the natural reserve, sites within the natural reserve had relatively lower avian diversity but a higher level of phylogenetic heterogeneity.</p>
Model source code, modified model code, and all scripts of the paper "A comprehensive estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects using the GAMIL model with reduced complexity".
<p>Model source code, modified model code, and all scripts of the paper "A comprehensive estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects using the GAMIL model with reduced complexity".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.