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Figure 5 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 5. Effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-AcOEt - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1), indomethacin (20 mg. kg-1) and morphine (10 mg.kg-1) on formalin test in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; **P <0.01, significantly different from control; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (n = 6, per group). (a) first phase and (b) second phase.

Figure 7 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 7. Effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-AcOEt - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1), Hm-EtOH (200 mg.kg-1) + naloxone and morphine (10 mg.kg-1) on the hot-plate test in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, significantly different from control; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test (n = 6, per group).

Figure 6 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 6. Effect of the ethanolic extract of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-EtOH - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1), Hm-EtOH (200 mg.kg-1) + naloxone and morphine (10 mg.kg-1) in the hot-plate test in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; *P <0.05, ** P <0.01, significantly different from control; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test (n = 6, per group).

Figure 11 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 11. Effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-AcOEt - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1) and dexamethasone (2 mg. kg-1) on leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; **P <0.01, significantly different from control; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (n = 6, per group).

Figure 10 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 10. Effect of the ethanolic extract of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-EtOH - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1) and dexamethasone (2 mg. kg-1) on leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; **P <0.01, significantly different from control; ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey's test (n = 6, per group).

Figure 9 in Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae) in mice

Figure 9. Effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Hymenaea martiana (Hm-AcOEt - 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1) and indomethacin (20 mg. kg-1) on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice. Values are mean ± S.E.M.; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, significantly different from control; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test (n = 6, per group).

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Datasheet of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of 1,3-bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea

Background: Inflammation is a normal protective response caused by an injury or tissue damage, through physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. One of the modified p-aminophenol compounds is 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea, which was estimated to have more potent analgesic activity and fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. When the lipophilicity of this compound increases between 1.8 to 4.4, it is observed to serve as an anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the determination of safety precaution is very necessary while testing for the toxicity effect of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea. This is due to the effectiveness and safety of suitable drugs. Methods: An anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the percentage of inflammation in rats, after the administration of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea was previously induced by the carrageenan solution intraplantar and the analysis of neutrophil values through a plethysmometer and Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed by administering this p-aminophenol compound to female rats for 24 h and observed for 14 days. In addition, a subchronic toxicity test was conducted on male and female rats for 28 days, with continuous observations carried out for 42 days. Results: The doses of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea at 50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg BW, had anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium at 2.25 mg/Kg BW. Also, there is no toxicity and animal death symptoms were observed in the acute and subchronic tests. Conlclusion: This 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea compound had an anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low toxicity.

zenodo36/100

Datasheet of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of 1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea

Background: Inflammation is a normal protective response caused by an injury or tissue damage, through physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. One of the modified p-aminophenol compounds is 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea, which was estimated to have more potent analgesic activity and fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. When the lipophilicity of this compound increases between 1.8 to 4.4, it is observed to serve as an an- ti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the determination of safety precaution is very necessary while testing for the toxicity effect of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea. This is due to the effectiveness and safety of suitable drugs. Methods: An anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the per-centage of inflammation in rats, after the administration of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea was previously induced by the carrageenan solution intraplantar and the analy- sis of neutrophil values through a plethysmometer and Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed by administering this p-aminophenol com- pound to female rats for 24 h and observed for 14 days. In addition, a subchronic toxicity test was conducted on male and female rats for 28 days, with continuous observations carried out for 42 days. Results:The doses of 1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl) urea at 50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg BW, had anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium at 2.25 mg/Kg BW. Also, there is no toxicity and animal death symp-toms were observed in the acute and subchronic tests. Conlclusion:This p-aminophenol compound had an anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low toxicity.

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Author list of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of 1,3-bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea

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Fig. 8 in 13,13a-seco-protoberberines from the tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 8. The inhibition of p-IκK, p-IκBα and p-p65 NF-κB protein expression by compound 4 in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells.

Fig. 6 in 13,13a-seco-protoberberines from the tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 6. (A)The inhibition of iNOS protein expression by compound 4 in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells; (B) Compound 4 was positioned in the interacting pocket of iNOS (PDB: 3E7G); (C) 2D interaction diagram of compound 4 at the active site of iNOS.

Fig. 4. Main 1H–1H in 13,13a-seco-protoberberines from the tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 4. Main 1H–1H gCOSY (blue thick lines) and HMBC correlations (red arrows, from 1H to 13C) of 2–5. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2. Main 1H–1H in 13,13a-seco-protoberberines from the tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 2. Main 1H–1H gCOSY (blue thick lines), HMBC (red arrows, from 1H to 13C) and Key NOESY (blue double arrows) correlations of 1 and 2. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in 13,13a-seco-protoberberines from the tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 7. Effects of compound 4 on the production of inflammatory cytokines (A: TNF-α, B: IL-1β, and C: IL-6) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Data were expressed as mean values ± SD, n = 3. #p <0.05, ####p <0.0001, compared with the control group (without compound 4 and LPS), ****p <0.001, compared with the LPS-induced group (only treated with LPS).

Fig. 5 in Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of chemical constituents from fungus Biscogniauxia whalleyi SWUF13-085

Fig. 5. Experimental ECD spectra of compounds 1 and 2 in CHCl3 compared with calculated spectra of (2R,3R,4R,6S,7S)-1 and (2S,3S,4S,6R,7R)-1.

Fig. 3. Key 1H in Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of chemical constituents from fungus Biscogniauxia whalleyi SWUF13-085

Fig. 3. Key 1H NMR region of the bergamotene's bicyclic ring analogues (1 and 3) demonstrating the multiplicity and coupling constants (J) of the bridgering protons.

Fig. 1 in Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of chemical constituents from fungus Biscogniauxia whalleyi SWUF13-085

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of compounds 1–35; the undescribed bergamotenes, α-pyrone, and guaiane in blue, red and green, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of chemical constituents from fungus Biscogniauxia whalleyi SWUF13-085

Fig. 7. Experimental ECD spectrum of compound 6 in CHCl3 compared with calculated spectra of (1R,2S,6R, 7R)-6, (1S,2R,6S, 7S)-6, (1R,2S,6R, 7S)-6 and (1S,2R,6S, 7R)-6.

Fig. 6 in Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of chemical constituents from fungus Biscogniauxia whalleyi SWUF13-085

Fig. 6. Experimental ECD spectra of compound 3 and the mixture of 4 and 5 in MeOH compared with calculated spectra of (2S,6S,7S)-3 and (2R,6R,7R)-3.