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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Endozoochory of aquatic ferns and angiosperms by mallards in Central Europe

1. Modern literature on plant dispersal by birds focuses mainly on the importance of frugivory and scatter-hoarding, yet recent studies show that endozoochory by migratory waterbirds is an important mechanism of long-distance dispersal for a broad range of plants. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical field studies that identify the plants dispersed by waterbirds, and relate them to expectations based on dispersal syndromes. To date, there are no detailed studies of the level of spatial variation in the plant taxa dispersed by a waterbird vector. 2. Five sets of faecal samples (total n = 215) were collected from mallards Anas platyrhynchos on autumn migration in the Tisza and Balaton regions in Hungary, central Europe. Intact diaspores were extracted, identified and their germinability assessed under standard conditions. The plant communities recorded at different sites were compared with PERMANOVA and other multivariate methods. 3. Macrospores of the floating watermoss Salvinia natans were recorded in 32 samples, and a total of 16 macrospores germinated, providing the first field demonstration of endozoochory of ferns by birds. Of 21 angiosperm taxa recorded (of which 8 germinated), 13 were terrestrial species, although the most abundant taxa were aquatic species such as the alkali bulrush Bolboschoenus maritimus and the sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus. Two naturalized alien species, the common fig (Ficus carica) and the hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) were also recorded. The plant taxa dispersed varied at two different spatial scales, with minor but significant differences between samples from sites separated by less than 1 km, and major differences between the two regions separated by approximately 220 km. 4. Synthesis. This is a unique study of the spatial variation in plants dispersed by endozoochory by a migratory waterfowl species, with the first demonstration of avian endozoochory of ferns. Most taxa dispersed are generally assumed to disperse by water, wind or self-dispersal, and waterfowl will provide much greater maximum dispersal distances. More such studies are essential before we can understand which plants are dispersed by migratory birds, because morphological dispersal syndromes do not allow us to make adequate a priori predictions.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

High temperature frequently increases facilitation between aquatic foundation species: A global meta-analysis of interaction experiments between angiosperms, seaweeds, and bivalves

<ol> <li>Many studies have quantified ecological impacts of individual foundation species (FS). However, emerging data suggest that FS often co-occur, potentially inhibiting or facilitating one another, thereby causing indirect, cascading effects on surrounding communities. Furthermore, global warming is accelerating, but little is known about how interactions between co-occurring FS vary with temperature. </li> <li>Shallow aquatic sedimentary systems are often dominated by three types of FS: slower-growing clonal angiosperms, faster-growing solitary seaweeds, and shell-forming filter- and deposit-feeding bivalves. Here, we tested the impacts of one FS on another by analyzing manipulative interaction experiments from 148 papers with a global meta-analysis.</li> <li> We calculated 1,942 (non-independent) Hedges' g effect sizes, from 11,652 extracted values over performance responses, such as abundances, growths or survival of FS, and their associated standard deviations and replication levels. Standard aggregation procedures generated 511 independent Hedges' g that was classified into six types of reciprocal impacts between FS. </li> <li>We found that (i) seaweeds had consistent negative impacts on angiosperms across performance responses, organismal sizes, experimental approaches, and ecosystem types; (ii) angiosperms and bivalves generally had positive impacts on each other (e.g., positive effects of angiosperms on bivalves were consistent across organismal sizes and experimental approaches, but angiosperm effects on bivalve growth and bivalve effect on angiosperm abundance were not significant); (iii) bivalves positively affected seaweeds (particularly on growth responses); (iv) there were generally no net effects of seaweeds on bivalves (except for positive effect on growth) or angiosperms on seaweeds (except for positive effect on 'other processes'); and (v) bivalve interactions with other FS were typically more positive at higher temperatures, but angiosperm-seaweed interactions were not moderated by temperature.</li> <li> Synthesis: Despite variations in experimental and spatiotemporal conditions, the stronger positive interactions at higher temperatures suggest that facilitation, particularly involving bivalves, may become more important in a future warmer world. Importantly, addressing research gaps, such as the scarcity of FS interaction experiments from tropical and freshwater systems and for less studied species, as well as testing for density-dependent effects, could better inform aquatic ecosystem conservation and restoration efforts and broaden our knowledge of FS interactions in the Anthropocene. </li> </ol>

publicNov 2018View details →

Data from: Endozoochory of aquatic ferns and angiosperms by mallards in Central Europe

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publicMar 2023View details →

High temperature frequently increases facilitation between aquatic foundation species: A global meta-analysis of interaction experiments between angiosperms, seaweeds, and bivalves

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Figure 4 from: Costa SM, Barbosa TDM, Bittrich V, Amaral MCE (2016) Floristic survey of herbaceous and subshrubby aquatic and palustrine angiosperms of Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil. PhytoKeys 58: 21-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5178

Figure 4 - Wetland eudicots of Viruá National Park (selected examples). A Cynanchum guanchezii Morillo B Drosera kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding. C Aeschynomene scabra G.Don D Irlbachia pratensis (Kunth) L.Cobb & Maas E Utricularia chiribiquetensis Fernandez-Pérez F Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst G Cuphea cf. gracilis Kunth H Acisanthera tetraptera (Cogn.) Gleason I Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze J Ludwigia sedoides (Humb. & Bonpl.) H.Hara K Bacopa egensis (Poepp.) Pennell L Sipanea pratensis Aubl.

Figure 3 from: Costa SM, Barbosa TDM, Bittrich V, Amaral MCE (2016) Floristic survey of herbaceous and subshrubby aquatic and palustrine angiosperms of Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil. PhytoKeys 58: 21-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5178

Figure 3 - Wetland basal angiosperms and monocots of Viruá National Park (selected examples). A Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc. B Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. f. C Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Britton D Bactris campestris Poepp. E Burmannia bicolor Mart. F Eleocharis fluctuans (L.T. Eiten) E.H. Roalson & C.E.Hinchliff G Syngonanthus fenestratus Hensold H Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn. I Mayaca longipes Mart. ex Seub. J Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase K Duckeella pauciflora Garay L Abolboda pulchella Humb. & Bonpl.

Figure 2 from: Costa SM, Barbosa TDM, Bittrich V, Amaral MCE (2016) Floristic survey of herbaceous and subshrubby aquatic and palustrine angiosperms of Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil. PhytoKeys 58: 21-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5178

Figure 2 - Viruá National Park: habitats and physiognomies. A–B waterbodies with turbid (A) and translucid (B) water; C–D Areas with saturated soils during rainy season (C) and dry season (D); E–G Forested (E given by K.G. Cangani), arboreal (F) and herbaceous (G) white-sand savannas ("campinaranas").

Figure 1 from: Costa SM, Barbosa TDM, Bittrich V, Amaral MCE (2016) Floristic survey of herbaceous and subshrubby aquatic and palustrine angiosperms of Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil. PhytoKeys 58: 21-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5178

Figure 1 - Viruá National Park (location). A Roraima state in Brazil B the VNP in the central-southern region of Roraima C the actual limits of protected area (black line), the area aimed to be included during extension (green line) and the collecting points [.shp files provided by IBGE and the VNP administration]