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Code and data associated with: Searching the web builds fuller picture of arachnid trade
<p>Data and code used in the paper: Searching the web builds fuller picture of arachnid trade. Throughout the methods we have indicated the stage of analysis each data component was used and the code script connected. We have numbered to code and data supplements to reflect as closely as possible the order in which data generation and summary was undertaken. The following provide additional details linked to each of the data files.</p> <p>Data S1 - Website data: lang = language of the search engine used, ad hoc websites had language described after discovery; engine = the search engine used; page = the page on which the website appeared from the search engine; searchdate = search date in YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS; link = link to the webpage, redacted to protect website identity; reviewdate = date revewied for arachnids being sold and search strategy; sells = whether the website sells arachnids (1 == sells); allow = whether the site explcicilt forbids automated searching (1 == allows, NA when search method was not fully automated, e.g., single page); type = the type of the website (e.g., trade, classified ads); order = whether arachnids where organised in a particular ways; target = a refined target URL to start search; method = the search method chosen, see methods for details; refine = any refinement or filter than could constrain the scope of the website to be searched; spages = the number of pages required to cycle through to cover the entire stock (also separated by ; if multiple cycles where needed or multiple single pages could be easily collected); prelimCheck = whether the website passed initial checks for arachnid selling; notes = any details that might need special attention during searches; webID = code used for subsequent data summary.</p> <p>Data S2 - Raw keyword searches outputs: species keywords. sp = the modern species or genus that a keyword is associated with; page = the number of the page the keyword was detected on; keyw = the exact keyword that was detected; spORgen = whether the keyword was a species binomial or just genus; termsSurrounding = the words surrounding a genus keyword detection (only applies to Data S3); webID = the website ID.</p> <p>Data S3 – Raw keyword searches outputs: genus keywords. sp = the modern species or genus that a keyword is associated with; page = the number of the page the keyword was detected on; keyw = the exact keyword that was detected; spORgen = whether the keyword was a species binomial or just genus; termsSurrounding = the words surrounding a genus keyword detection (multiple detections separated by ;); webID = the website ID.</p> <p>Data S4 - Raw keyword search outputs: temporal sample. sp = the modern species or genus that a keyword is associated with; page = the number of the page the keyword was detected on; keyw = the exact keyword that was detected; spORgen = whether the keyword was a species binomial or just genus; termsSurrounding = the words surrounding a genus keyword detection (multiple detections separated by ;); webID = the website ID; timestamp.parse = the timestamp extracted from the archived web page; year = a simplified timestamp including only the year.</p> <p>Data S5 - LEMIS data used. An arachnid filtered version of <sup>74,75</sup>.</p> <p>Data S6 - CITES trade database data used <sup>76</sup>.</p> <p>Data S7 - CITES appendices data used <sup>77</sup>.</p> <p>Data S8 - IUCN Redlist data used <sup>78</sup>.</p> <p>Data S9 - Compiled final dataset, with data deriving from WSC, Scorpion files, ITIS, WAM and the data collection process. speciesId = a numeric code, one per species; clade = the clade the species belongs to; family = the family the species belongs to; genus = the genus of the species; species = the species epithet; author = the species authority name; year = the species authority year; parentheses = whether parentheses are needed with the authority; distribution = WSC original distribution descriptions; invalid = whether the species is considered valid; source = the species source, either World Spider Catalogue, Scorpion files, ITIS or WAM; accName = the species binomial being used as our accepted name; allNames = the accepted species binomial and all synonyms; allGenera = the accepted genus, and all other genera the species has belonged to at one point; onlineTradeSnap = whether the species was detected via a match to the accName in the snapshot data; onlineTradeSnap_Any = whether the species was detected via any synonym in the snapshot data; onlineTradeSnap_genus = whether the genus was detected via a match to the genus in the snapshot data; onlineTradeSnap_genusAny = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the snapshot data; onlineTradeTemp = whether the species was detected via a match to the accName in the temporal data; onlineTradeTemp_Any = whether the species was detected via any synonym in the temporal data; onlineTradeTemp_genus = whether the genus was detected via a match to the genus in the temporal data; onlineTradeTemp_genusAny = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the temporal data; onlineTradeEither = whether the species was detected via a match to the accName in the temporal data or snapshot data; onlineTradeEither_Any = whether the species was detected via any synonym in the temporal data or snapshot data; LEMIStrade = whether the species was detected via a match to the accName in the LEMIS data; LEMIStrade_Any = whether the species was detected via any synonym in the LEMIS data; LEMIStrade_genus = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the LEMIS data; LEMIStrade_genusAny = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the LEMIS data; CITEStrade = whether the species was detected via a match to the accName in the CITES trade database data; CITEStrade_Any = whether the species was detected via any synonym in the CITES trade database data; CITEStrade_genus = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the CITES trade database data; CITEStrade_genusAny = whether the genus was detected via any synonym in the CITES trade database data; CITESapp = the CITES appendix the species is listed under using an exact match to the accName; CITESapp_Any = the CITES appendix the species is listed under using any match to any of the species’ synonyms; redlist = the IUCN Redlist category the species is listed under using an exact match to the accName; redlist_Any = the IUCN Redlist category the species is listed under using any match to any of the species’ synonyms; extactMatchTraded = the species is detected in any of the trade sources via a match to the accName; anyMatchTraded = the species is detected in any of the trade sources via a match to any species’ synonym.</p> <p>Data S10 - Forum listings of “What species are you currently keeping” from an online fora posted between 9th September 2021 and 9th October 2021, to provide an idea of online discussions. Each user with a separate list is provided in a separate tab. Morph_collector is the same as poster1, but the potential cryptic species or morphs are noted separately to make them clearer.</p> <p>Data S11 – Distribution information for spiders. Only two columns used in summaries: accName = the accepted name used throughout summaries; NAME = the country name the spider occurs in.</p> <p>Data S12 - Distribution information for scorpions. species = the accepted name used throughout summaries; NAME = the country name the scorpions occurs in.</p> <p>Code S1 - Search URL Extract.R</p> <p>Code S2 - Retrieve web data.R</p> <p>Code S3 - Temporal Classified Ads.R</p> <p>Code S4 - Keyword Generation.R</p> <p>Code S5 - Keyword Search.R</p> <p>Code S6 - LEMIS filter and summary.R</p> <p>Code S7 - Compiling results.R</p> <p>Code S8 - Summary Figures.R</p> <p>Code S9 - Temporal Figures.R</p> <p>Code S10 - New description figure.R</p> <p>Code S11 - Term exploration.R</p> <p>Code S12 - LEMIS summary and mapping.R</p>
Fig. 1 in First endemic arachnid from Isla Sala y Gómez (Motu Motiro Hiva), Chile: a new species of tube-dwelling spider (Araneae: Segestriidae)
Fig. 1. Map of southern South America and Isla Sala y Gómez in detail. The islet is located approximately in front of Chañaral along the chilean coast.
Figure 3c. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 3c. - Iandumoemauai, male from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 3a.Dorsal view of pedipalpal tibia-tarsus ectal and mesal setae IiIiFigure 3b.Dorsal view of habitus, showing coxa IV tuberculate laterally, with robust apical external apophysis and curved at 1/3 distal (on male) and femurIV curved laterally and dorsally at 1/3 from base (on male)Figure 3c.Lateral view of habitus, showing eye mound with erect high spine, with acuminate apex pointing slightly backwards. <br> Lateral view of habitus, showing eye mound with erect high spine, with acuminate apex pointing slightly backwards.
Figure 4a. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 4a. - Charinuseleonorae, female from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 4a.Carapace, dorsal view, showing mid-portion of carapace without median eyesFigure 4b.Habitus, dorsal viewFigure 4c.Lateral view of right pedipalp showing spines. <br> Carapace, dorsal view, showing mid-portion of carapace without median eyes
Figure 2. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 2. - Lapa do Cipó cave entrance; ca. 20 meters high. Both people in the bottom right are for scale.
Figure 3b. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 3b. - Iandumoemauai, male from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 3a.Dorsal view of pedipalpal tibia-tarsus ectal and mesal setae IiIiFigure 3b.Dorsal view of habitus, showing coxa IV tuberculate laterally, with robust apical external apophysis and curved at 1/3 distal (on male) and femurIV curved laterally and dorsally at 1/3 from base (on male)Figure 3c.Lateral view of habitus, showing eye mound with erect high spine, with acuminate apex pointing slightly backwards. <br> Dorsal view of habitus, showing coxa IV tuberculate laterally, with robust apical external apophysis and curved at 1/3 distal (on male) and femurIV curved laterally and dorsally at 1/3 from base (on male)
Figure 1. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 1. - Type-locality (Olhos d'Água cave) and new records (Lapa do Cipó cave) for the troglobitic Iandumoemauai and Charinuseleonorae. The soil level represents the relative altitudes in the area and the drainages are in the lowest level. Olhos d'Água cave resurgence is the main entrance for this cave. See the two separated drainages for both caves.
Figure 3a. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 3a. - Iandumoemauai, male from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 3a.Dorsal view of pedipalpal tibia-tarsus ectal and mesal setae IiIiFigure 3b.Dorsal view of habitus, showing coxa IV tuberculate laterally, with robust apical external apophysis and curved at 1/3 distal (on male) and femurIV curved laterally and dorsally at 1/3 from base (on male)Figure 3c.Lateral view of habitus, showing eye mound with erect high spine, with acuminate apex pointing slightly backwards. <br> Dorsal view of pedipalpal tibia-tarsus ectal and mesal setae IiIi
Figure 4c. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 4c. - Charinuseleonorae, female from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 4a.Carapace, dorsal view, showing mid-portion of carapace without median eyesFigure 4b.Habitus, dorsal viewFigure 4c.Lateral view of right pedipalp showing spines. <br> Lateral view of right pedipalp showing spines.
Figure 4b. from: New records of two endemic troglobitic and threatened arachnids (Amblypygi and Opiliones) from limestone caves of Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5260 (10 November 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5260
Figure 4b. - Charinuseleonorae, female from Lapa do Cipó cave.Figure 4a.Carapace, dorsal view, showing mid-portion of carapace without median eyesFigure 4b.Habitus, dorsal viewFigure 4c.Lateral view of right pedipalp showing spines. <br> Habitus, dorsal view
Fig. 1 in Diversity of intestinal protozoa and clinical signs associated in wild-caught Phoneutria nigriventer kept in captivity for the anti-arachnid serum production
Fig. 1. Phoneutria nigriventer kept in glass containers with a humidified cotton ball and a cardboard substrate.
Fig. 2. – A and B in Diversity of intestinal protozoa and clinical signs associated in wild-caught Phoneutria nigriventer kept in captivity for the anti-arachnid serum production
Fig. 2. – A and B, Diarrheal stools, without differentiation of solid and liquid portion. C, Normal stools of Phoneutria nigriventer (red arrow). The white arrow indicates the urine portion, white in color due to urate. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
Fig. 1. Historical images of Hollier's specimen of Eophrynus prestvicii (Buckland, 1837) from the British Middle Coal Measures (Late Carboniferous, Duckmantian; ca. 311 Ma) of Coseley near Dudley, Staffordshire, UK. Dorsal (A 1 –C 1) and ventral (A 2 –C 2) views. A, after Woodward (1871: pl. 11); B, after Pocock (1902: fig. 1); C, after Petrunkevitch (1953: textfigs. 82, 83).
Fig. 5 in Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
Fig. 5. Comparative images of modern South American laniatorids as potential ecological analogues for Carboniferous eophrynids. Although these harvestmen are not particularly closely related to trigonotarbids, a number of them also express a tuberculate dorsal body surface and marginal spination of the opisthosoma; both of which presumably deter predation by increasing handling time. All images courtesy of Ricardo Pinto da Rocha (São Paulo).
Fig. 4. A in Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
Fig. 4. A new reconstruction of trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii (Buckland, 1837), with colouration based on modern laniatorid harvestmen (Opiliones: Laniatores) (see also Fig. 5). Not to scale.
Fig. 3 in Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
Fig. 3. XMT-based reconstruction trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii (Buckland, 1837), from scans of BU 699. A. Dorsal view. B. Posterior view, legs removed, to show heavy opisthosomal ornamentation and spines (maximum width 15 mm). C. Fourth walking limb with podomeres labelled. D. Pedipalps with podomeres labelled. E. Ventral view. 1–12, segment numbers.
Fig. 2 in Tomographic reconstruction of the exceptionally preserved trigonotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii
Fig. 2. Photograph of Hollier's specimen (BU 699) of trichotarbid arachnid Eophrynus prestvicii (Buckland, 1837), whitened with ammonium chloride to improve contrast. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.
Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it
<p><strong>Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a></p> <p><strong>Data files and structure</strong></p> <p>We have files for verifying the manipulation of males' body condition and a file to assess males' mating success.</p> <p>With the file <strong>morphometry.csv</strong> we determined the body density of all males included in our experiment, using the formula of the ellipsoid: Volume = 4/3 * π * BL/2 * BW/2 * BH/2. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>manipulation:</strong> the moment of taking the measures, with 2 levels: before manipulation and after manipulation</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_length:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_width:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_height:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_mass:</strong> to the nearest 0.001 g</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>diet_manipulation.csv</strong> we compared the body density of parental males before and after manipulation within each experimental group. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>density_before:</strong> body density before manipulation of diet</li> <li><strong>density_after:</strong> body density after manipulation of diet</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>density_difference.csv</strong> we compared the body density between males of the two experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_density:</strong> after manipulation, in g/mm3</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>clutches.csv</strong> we analysed the mating success of the males in the experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>glands:</strong> glands experimental group, with 2 levels: blocked and unblocked</li> <li><strong>exp_group:</strong> experimental group combining the manipulation of diet and glands, with 4 levels: GCBG (good condition and blocked glands), GCUG (good condition and unblocked glands), PCBG (poor condition and blocked glands) and PCUB (poor condition and unblocked glands)</li> <li><strong>clutch:</strong> if the male received eggs from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li><strong>eggs_number:</strong> number of eggs received from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation</li> </ul>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Canadian National Collection (CNC) of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Canadian National Collection (CNC) of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/844040a4-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/844040a4-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/844040a4-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://gbif.org/dataset/844040a4-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Localities for the arachnid genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Ceratolasmatidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Localities for the arachnid genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Ceratolasmatidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8119093b-edeb-416e-b15f-6ae94fbe07d5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8119093b-edeb-416e-b15f-6ae94fbe07d5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8119093b-edeb-416e-b15f-6ae94fbe07d5">https://gbif.org/dataset/8119093b-edeb-416e-b15f-6ae94fbe07d5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
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