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Fig. 4 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

Fig. 4. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, Intestinal loop and gonads, viewed from the right side; B, larva.

Fig. 3 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

Fig. 3. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, Pharynx opened ventrally; B, enlarged view of a square in A, showing dorsal part of the peripharyngeal area.

Fig. 2 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

Fig. 2. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, In situ live colony with four zooids; B, a schematic depiction of the colony showing colony organization and zooid insertion; C, D, a single zooid detached from the colony, drawn from the right side (C) and the left side (D).

Fig. 5. A in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

Fig. 5. A maximum-likelihood tree based on COI sequences (690 bp), showing the phylogenetic position of Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov. among Clavelinidae. Numbers near nodes indicate UF bootstrap values (≥ 50) and posterior probabilities (≥ 0.50).

FIGURE 1 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 1 An overview of the diversity in morphology, colouration, and host-associations of the studied clade. A, Anchiopontonia hurii (Holthuis, 1981) in the spiny oyster Spondylus sp.; B, Ascidonia quasipusilla (Chace, 1972) in a solitary ascidian; C, Conchodytes meleagrinae Peters, 1852 in the spiny oyster Spondylus sp.; D, Conchodytes pteriae Fransen, 1994 in the pearl oyster Pteria loveni (Dunker, 1879); E, male-female pair of Dactylonia ascidicola (Borradaile, 1898) from the solitary ascidian Ascidia sp.; F, Odontonia katoi (Kubo, 1940) in the solitary ascidian Polycarpa aurata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834); G, Odontonia plurellicola De Gier & Fransen, 2018 in the colonial ascidian Plurella sp.; H, Odontonia sibogae (Bruce, 1973) in the solitary ascidian Polycarpa sp.; I, Platypontonia hyotis Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1971 in the giant honeycomb oyster Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758); J, Pontonia manningi Fransen, 2000 in the spiny oyster Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781. PHOTO CREDIT: C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 5 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 5 Phylogeny based on the RAxML tree topology of the TE approach (fig. 4), with ancestral biogeographic range reconstructions on the internal nodes (probabilities are shown as pie charts). Indo-West Pacific genera simplified as genus names, except for Odontonia kerangcaris Fransen, Groenhof & De Gier, 2021 due to its position outside of the genus. Colours indicate distribution ranges, both for the species as well as the ancestral distribution ranges. Species/genera of which only morphological data was analysed are indicated with an asterisk (*).

FIGURE 4 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 4 Phylogeny based on the RAxML tree topology of the TE approach. RAxML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities expressed as percentages are indicated respectively. Dashes (--) indicate values <50; asterisk (*) indicates different topology of RAxML or MrBayes tree. Four major clades can be recognized. Newly acquired barcodes are indicated with a collection accession number (RMNH.CRUS.D., MZB.), otherwise GenBank accession numbers are given. The selection of species can be found in the appendices (supplementary table S1), and species of which only morphological data was analysed are indicated with an asterisk (*) and no accession number. Colours indicate various host associations. The host association of Pontonia longispina Holthuis, 1951 is unknown, indicated with a question mark (?), and the known host association of Pontonia chimaera Holthuis, 1951 is with gastropod molluscs, which is indicated with an outline of a shell.

FIGURE 2 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 2 Phylogeny based on the RAxML tree topology of the concatenated molecular dataset (COI, H3, 16S, 18S). RAxML bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities expressed as percentages are indicated respectively. Dashes (--) indicate values <50; asterisk (*) indicates different topology of RAxML or MrBayes tree. Four branches are shortened for convenience. Three major clades can be recognized. Newly acquired barcodes are indicated with a collection accession number (RMNH.CRUS.D., MZB.), otherwise GenBank accession numbers are given. The selection of species can be found in the appendices (supplementary table S1). Colours indicate various host associations.

FIGURE 6 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 6 Phylogeny based on the RAxML tree topology of the TE approach (fig. 4), with ancestral character state reconstructions on the internal nodes (probabilities are shown as pie charts). Colours indicate various host associations, both for the species as well as the ancestral character states. The host association of Pontonia longispina Holthuis, 1951 is unknown, indicated with a question mark (?), and the known host association of Pontonia chimaera Holthuis, 1951 is with gastropod molluscs, which is indicated with an outline of a shell. Species of which only morphological data was analysed are indicated with an asterisk (*).

FIGURE 3 The 50 in Coming out of your shell or crawling back in: multiple interphylum host switching events within a clade of bivalve- and ascidian-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 3 The 50% majority rule consensus tree of the morphological analysis in PAUP. Five distinct clades can be recognized. Support values are given at every dichotomous or polytomous branching. Colours indicate various host associations. The host association of Pontonia longispina Holthuis, 1951 is unknown, indicated with a question mark (?), and the known host association of Pontonia chimaera Holthuis, 1951 is with gastropod molluscs, which is indicated with an outline of a shell.

FIGURE 38 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 38 Tympanicheles pectinis (Kemp, 1925), RMNH.CRUS.D.26972, male, pocl. 3.9 mm. A) habitus, lateral view; B) anterior appendages, dorsal view; C) idem, lateral view; D) rostrum, lateral view; E) telson, dorsal view; F) left first pereiopod chela, lateral view; G) right second pereiopod, ventral view; H) idem, chela, medial view; I) right third pereiopod dactylus, lateral view. Scale A, G = 4 mm; B, C = 2 mm; D-F, H = 1 mm; I = 0.1 mm. Downloaded from Brill.com 06/24/2024 12:38:05AM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN of the CC-BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FIGURE 36 A, B in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 36 A, B) Tympanicheles ornatus (Holthuis, 1952), RMNH.CRUS.D.42794, from Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778); C, D) Tympanicheles pectinis (Kemp, 1925), RMNH.CRUS.D.58094, Vanuatu, stn LD25, host unknown. PHOTOS BY C.H.J.M FRANSEN (A, B) AND TIN-YAM CHAN (C, D)

FIGURE 37 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 37 Tympanicheles ornatus (Holthuis, 1952). A-C, F-H) RMNH.CRUS.D.41497, ovigerous female, pocl. 6.4 mm; D) RMNH.CRUS.D.41491, ovigerous female, pocl. 8.7 mm; E) idem, pocl. 8.8 mm. A) habitus, lateral view; B) anterior appendagees, dorsal view; C) anterior appendages, lateral view; D, E) rostrum, lateral view; F) telson, dorsal view; G) right second pereiopod chela, medial view; H)right third pereiopod dactylus, medial view. Scale A = 4 mm; B, C = 2 mm; D, E, G = 1 mm; H = 0.1 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 32 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 32 Paranchistus armatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), RMNH.CRUS.D.46092, ovigerous female, pocl. 13.8 mm. A) right second maxilliped, ventral view; B) right third maxilliped, ventral view. Scale = 0.5 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 30 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 30 Paranchistus armatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), RMNH.CRUS.D.46092. A–E, H) ovigerous female, pocl. 13.8 mm; F, G, I, J) male, pocl. 8.7 mm. A) habitus, lateral view; B) anterior appendages, lateral view; C) idem, dorsal view; D), antennal spine and infraorbital angle; E, F) rostrum, lateral view; G) telson, dorsal view; H) left second pereiopod chela; I) right fifth pereiopod dactylus, medial view; J) idem, detail unguis. Scale A = 8 mm; B, C = 4 mm; E–G = 2 mm; D = 1 mm; I = 0.4; J = 0.1 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 16 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 16 Anchistus miersi (De Man, 1888). A–D) RMNH.CRUS.D.41390, ovigerous female pocl. 3.9 mm; E–G) RMNH.CRUS.D.41389, ovigerous female pocl. 4.7 mm. A) habitus, lateral view; B) anterior appendages, dorsal view; C) idem, lateral view; D) telson, dorsal view; E) left second pereiopod, ventral view; F) idem, chela, medial view. Scale A = 4 mm; B, C, E = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 28 A in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 28 A) Neoanchistus cardiodytes Bruce, 1975, from an unknown species of Vasticardium Iredale, 1927 (det. J. Goud), Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea (MNHN-IU-2013-10029 stn. PR107); B, C) Neoanchistus nasalis Holthuis, 1986, from Mimachlamys townsendi (G.B. Sowerby III, 1895), Oman (FLMNH UF). B) ovigerous female; C) male. PHOTOGRAPHS BY ARTHUR ANKER

FIGURE 26 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 26 Ensiger custos (Forskål, 1775). RMNH.CRUS.D.41445, male pocl. 4.0 mm. A) left first maxilliped, ventral view; B) left second maxilliped, ventral view. Scale = 0.5 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN

FIGURE 24 in Polka-dotted treasures: Revising a clade of ascidian- and bivalve-associated shrimps (Caridea: Palaemonidae)

FIGURE 24 Ensiger custos (Forskål, 1775). RMNH.CRUS.D.41445, male pocl. 4.0 mm. A) antennula, dorsal view; B) left mandible, ventral view; C) left maxillula, ventral view. Scale = 0.5 mm. ARTWORK BY C.H.J.M. FRANSEN