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119 results for “atmospheric simulation”
Simulations of Historical Impacts of Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry at Harvard Forest 1850-2019
This study is a model application aimed at simulating historical carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and water dynamics at a hardwood forest stand at Harvard Forest from 1850 to 2019. We applied the PnET-CN-daily model with a reconstructed historical climate and air quality scenario derived from field observations and regional model simulations. The model outputs were calibrated with field measurements conducted at Harvard Forest. We used field measurements of aboveground biomass (AGB) and foliar mass near the EMS tower to calibrate ecosystem C pools. Gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and respiration from the EMS eddy flux tower were used to calibrate C fluxes. Net N mineralization data from the chronic N amendment experiment, along with other N dynamics data collected at Harvard Forest, were used to calibrate N pools and fluxes. Additionally, evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water content from the EMS tower were used to calibrate water fluxes. To isolate the effects of individual environmental factors on C, N, and water dynamics, we ran the PnET-CN-daily model with a series of theoretical scenarios. These scenarios were developed based on the reconstructed historical climate and air quality data while keeping non-target input factors at pre-industrial levels. The considered environmental factors include climate, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, atmospheric N deposition, and ozone (O3) concentration. This approach allowed us to decompose the influence of each factor on ecosystem dynamics by comparing model outputs across different scenarios.
Model Simulations of The Effects of Shifts in High-frequency Weather Variability (No Long-term Weather Trend) Control Carbon Loss from Land to the Atmosphere, Toolik Lake, Alaska, 2022-2122
Climate change is increasing extreme weather events, but effects on high-frequency weather variability and the resultant impacts on ecosystem function are poorly understood. We assessed ecosystem responses of arctic tundra to changes in day-to-day weather variability using a biogeochemical model and stochastic simulations of daily temperature, precipitation, and light. Changes in weather variability altered ecosystem carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stocks and cycling rates. Some responses of processes (e.g., respiration) were inconsistent with expectations, indicating that whole-ecosystem interactions and feedbacks moderate or even reverse responses to weather variability. More weather variability led to greater carbon losses from land to atmosphere, and less variability led to higher carbon sequestration on land. The magnitude of response to weather variability was similar to that predicted from climate mean trend effects. This dataset consists of the MEL parameter file, driver files and output files for simulations without a long term weather trend.
Model Simulations of The Effects of Shifts in High-frequency Weather Variability (With a Long-term Trend) on Carbon Loss from Land to the Atmosphere, Toolik Lake, Alaska, 2022-2122
Climate change is increasing extreme weather events, but effects on high-frequency weather variability and the resultant impacts on ecosystem function are poorly understood. We assessed ecosystem responses of arctic tundra to changes in day-to-day weather variability using a biogeochemical model and stochastic simulations of daily temperature, precipitation, and light. Changes in weather variability altered ecosystem carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stocks and cycling rates. Some responses of processes (e.g., respiration) were inconsistent with expectations, indicating that whole-ecosystem interactions and feedbacks moderate or even reverse responses to weather variability. More weather variability led to greater carbon losses from land to atmosphere, and less variability led to higher carbon sequestration on land. The magnitude of response to weather variability was similar to that predicted from climate mean trend effects. This dataset consists of the MEL parameter file, driver files and output files for simulations with a long-term weather trend.
Model simulation data used in "The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol in 2030 – Part 2: Aviation" (Righi et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2016)
<p>This dataset contains the output of the EMAC global model simulations analysed and discussed in Righi et al. (<i>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</i>, 2016). For details see the README.md file.</p>
Model simulation data used in "The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol in 2030 – Part 1: Land transport and shipping" (Righi et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2015)
<p>This dataset contains the output of the EMAC global model simulations analysed and discussed in Righi et al. (<i>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</i>, 2015). For details see the README.md file.</p>
Simulated severe convective wind events and environments from the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA)
<p>Contacts for further details:</p> <ul> <li>This data record and associated research: Andrew Brown (andrewb1@student.unimelb.edu.au)</li> <li>BARPA data: Chun Hsu Su (chunhsu.su@bom.gov.au), Christian Stassen (Christian.Stassen@bom.gov.au), Harvey Ye (harvey.ye@bom.gov.au)</li> </ul> <h1>Introduction</h1> <p>This record contains data in support of Brown et al. (2024), including post-processed regional climate model data, automatic weather station observations, and post-processed reanalysis data over southeastern Australia for various time periods <strong>over December-Febrary months only</strong> (see descriptions below). This data relates to analysis of severe convective wind gusts in historical and future climate, with analysis scripts in <a href="https://github.com/andrewbrown31/BARPA/tree/main/wind_gust_analysis">this repository</a>. The data are described here according to the directory structure of this record (noting the files and directories have been compressed into <code>barpa_data.tgz</code>), as well as the relevant data sources. </p> <h1>Data sources</h1> <ul> <li><strong>The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA)</strong>. A regional climate model containing a regional (BARPA-R) and convection-permitting (BARPAC-M) configuration, with large-scale forcing from ERA-Interim (1990-2015) and ACCESS1-0 using a historical (1985-2005) and RCP8.5 (2039-2059) forcing. See Brown et al. (2024) and Su et al. (2021) for more details. Note that any reuse of this data should properly acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Note also that the BARPA data used here was produced as part of the <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/projects/esci/">Electricity Sector Climate Information project</a> (with licence and disclaimers <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/projects/esci/risk-assessment/#Disclaimer">here</a>)<em>,</em> with more current BARPA versions (not used here) available at <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/z1x6-dq28" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/z1x6-dq28</a>. </li> <li><strong>Measured wind gusts from automatic weather stations (AWS)</strong>. Gust data is provided by the <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/stations/">Australian Bureau of Meteorology</a>, from 272 AWS locations over 2005-2015. Note that any reuse of this data should properly acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.</li> <li><strong>The ERA5 reanalysis </strong>from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (Hersbach 2020).</li> <li><strong>The ERA-Interim reanalysis</strong> from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (Dee 2011).</li> </ul> <h1>/10min_points</h1> <p>This directory contains .csv files, with wind gust and related environmental data at 10-minute intervals at point locations, corresponding to automatic weather station locations. Data is available over 2005-2015. Files are named in the form <code>barpac_m_aws_<state>.csv</code> and <code>barpac_m_aws_<state>_barpa_r_interp.csv</code>. Here, <state> represents different administrative regions in southeast Australia, including New South Wales (nsw), Victoria (vic), South Australia (sa) and Tasmania (tas). See Figure 1 in Brown et al. (2024) for a map of station locations, that is also included in the /meta directory. The <code>barpa_r_interp</code> suffix indicates that the BARPAC-M wind gusts have been interpolated to the BARPA-R grid for comparison.</p> <p>This data is used in Brown et al. (2024) for evaluation and analysis of BARPA wind gusts in the historical climate (forced by ERA-Interim). The user is directed to that paper for more information on data processing. For the .csv files here, column descriptions are provided in Table 1, below.</p> <h1>/daily_points</h1> <p>This directory contains .csv files, with data associated with daily maximum wind gusts at point locations. This data is derived from the 10min_points data described above, with the same column descriptions in Table 1, below. The different files in this directory are as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_obs.csv</code><br>Daily maximum observed wind gust from AWS measurements, with associated wind gust ratio and environmental conditions from ERA5.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from BARPAC-M at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio, lighting flash count, and environmental conditions from BARPA-R.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_12km.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from BARPA-R at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio, lightning flash count, and environmental conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_erai.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from ERA-Interim at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio and environmental conditions from ERA5.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km_barpa_r_interp.csv</code><br>As in <code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km.csv</code>, but wind gusts are interpolated to the BARPA-R grid prior to calculating the daily maximum.</p> </li> </ul> <h1>/monthly_nc</h1> <p>This directory contains monthly netcdf files at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, with post-processed BARPA data, relating to simulated severe convective wind gusts (from BARPAC-M), and their associated large-scale environments (from BARPA-R). This includes BARPAC-M and BARPA-R data that has been forced by the ACCESS1-0 global climate model, that is intended for analysis of future changes in severe convective wind events and environments. For further information, the user can refer to the internal file metadata, as well as Brown et al. (2024). The files in this directory are as follows (where <experiment> is either <code>hist</code> for historical climate forcing (1985-2005) or <code>rcp</code> for RCP8.5 climate forcing (2039-2059)):</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>barpac_scws_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of simulated severe convective wind events from BARPAC-M, for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpar_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of favouable severe convective wind environments from BARPA-R (using <code>bdsd</code>, see Table 1), for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_scws_bdsd_<experiment>.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of simulated severe convective wind events from BARPAC-M, that occur under favourable environmental conditions from BARPA-R. For each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_max_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly maximum simulated severe convective wind gust, from BARPAC-M, for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> </ul> <h1>/daily_nc</h1> <p>This directory contains monthly netcdf files at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, with daily maximum wind gusts from BARPAC-M, as well as the wind gust ratio (see <code>wgr_4</code> in Table 1) and the type of convective environment (from BARPA-R, see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1). This includes BARPA data that has been forced by ERA-Interim and by ACCESS1-0. For further information, the user can refer to the file metadata, as well as Brown et al. (2024). The files in this directory are as follows (where <code><experiment></code> is either <code>historical</code> for historical climate forcing or <code>rcp85</code> for RCP8.5 climate forcing, <code><forcing_model></code> is either <code>erai</code> for ERA-Interim or <code>ACCESS1-0</code>, <<code>date1></code> is the file start date and <code><date2></code> is the file end date):</p> <ul> <li><code>barpa_scw_<forcing_model>_<experiment>_0_<date1>_<date2>.nc</code></li> </ul> <h1>/meta</h1> <p>Lists of AWS stations, for each administrative state, with a file containing column descriptions. Note that not all of the stations listed in these files are used for analysis. Fig1.jpeg is from Brown et al. (2024), showing the BARPAC-M domain (also defines the netcdf file spatial extents), and the location of AWS.</p> <h3>Table 1</h3> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Column</strong></td> <td><strong>Name</strong></td> <td><strong>Notes</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>stn_id</td> <td>Automatic weather station (AWS) identifier</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>time</td> <td>Wind gust time (UTC)</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gust</td> <td>Observed wind gust speed from AWS (m/s)</td> <td>Observed wind gusts are measured at a height of 10 m, and represent a 3-second average. Data is provided as a one-minute maximum, and is resampled to a 10-minute maximum here for comparison with BARPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_4</td> <td>Wind gust ratio</td> <td>The observed wind gust ratio, defined as the ratio between <code>gust</code>, and the 4-hour mean from the 10-minute data here.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>time_6hr</td> <td>6-hourly time (UTC)</td> <td>The most recent 6-hourly time step prior to <code>time</code>, associated with environmental diagnostics.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mu_cape</td> <td>Most unstable convective available potential energy (J/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>s06</td> <td>Bulk vertical wind shear from the surface to 6 km above ground level (m/s)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dcape</td> <td>Downdraft convective available potential energy (J/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bdsd</td> <td>Brown and Dowdy (2021) Statistical Diagnostic (BDSD) for identifying favourable severe convective wind environments</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>qmean01</td> <td>Mass-weighted mean mixing ratio from the surface to 1 km (g/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean06</td> <td>Mass-weighted mean wind speed from the surface to 6 km above ground level (m/s)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lr13</td> <td>Temperature lapse rate from 1 km above ground level to 3 km above ground level (◦C/km)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cluster</td> <td>Environment type</td> <td> <p>Based on statistical clustering of severe convective wind environments by Brown et al. 2023<br>0: Strong background wind cluster<br>1: Steep lapse rate cluster<br>2: High moisture cluster</p> <p>Derived from BARPA-R</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>s06_era5</td> <td>See s06</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>qmean01_era5</td> <td>See qmean01</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean06_era5</td> <td>See Umea06</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lr13_era5</td> <td>See lr13</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bdsd_era5</td> <td>See bdsd</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dcape_era5</td> <td>See dcape</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mu_cape_era5</td> <td>See mu_cape</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cluster_era5</td> <td>See cluster</td> <td> <p>Based on statistical clustering of severe convective wind environments by Brown et al. 2023<br>0: Strong background wind cluster<br>1: Steep lapse rate cluster<br>2: High moisture cluster</p> <p>Derived from ERA5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>wg10_12km_point</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from BARPA-R (m/s)</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. See Ma et al. (2018) for gust parameterisation details.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_12km_point</td> <td>Wind gust ratio from BARPA-R </td> <td>See wgr_4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wg10_2p2km_point</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from BARPC-M (m/s)</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. See Ma et al. (2018) for gust parameterisation details.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_2p2km_point</td> <td>Wind gust ratio from BARPAC-M (see wgr_4)</td> <td>See wgr_4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_lightning_fl</td> <td>Number of daily lightning flashes from BARPAC-M</td> <td>See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>erai_wg10</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from ERA-Interim (m/s).</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. Note that ERA-Interim is provided in 3-hourly intervals, rather than 10-minute intervals for BARPA.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean simulation of Hurricane Dorian (2019)
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This dataset provides the output of the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean simulation of Hurricane Dorian from August 29 to September 7, 2019. The simulation is a composite of two separate simulations:</p> <ol> <li>From 00 UTC August 29 to 00 UTC September 1, 2019</li> <li>From 00 UTC September 1 to 00 UTC September 7, 2019</li> </ol> <p>The first simulation serves as "spin-up" for the hurricane and its environment prior to landfall. The second simulation is initialized from the output of the first simulation, while relocating the Dorian vortex to its correct position on September 1. Due to the size of the dataset only the surface fields are made available.</p> <p><strong>Model configuration</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Atmosphere</strong>: Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF, https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF) model v4.2.2, with the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamical core. The model has a 3-km resolution grid over the parent domain and a 1-km resolution nest over the Bahamas region (September 1-7 only), both with 45 vertical layers. Initial and boundary conditions are based on 6-hourly ERA-5 dataset.</li> <li><strong>Ocean Waves</strong>: University of Miami Wave Model (UMWM, https://umwm.org). The model is configured at the same 3-km as the atmosphere model, and has 36 directional bins and 37 frequency bins that are logarithmically spaced from 0.0313 to 2 Hz.</li> <li><strong>Ocean Circulation</strong>: HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM, https://github.com/HYCOM) v2.3.01, configured at 0.01 degree resolution and 41 vertical layers. Initial and boundary conditions are based on daily GOFS 3.1 41-layer HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12° Analysis, daily. K-Profile Parameterization for vertical mixing.</li> <li><strong>Coupling</strong>: Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF, https://github.com/esmf-org/esmf) v8.0.1</li> </ul> <p><strong>File Description</strong></p> <ul> <li>blkdat.input - HYCOM (ocean circulation) configuration file</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_1km_2019090100.nc - Atmosphere at 1-km resolution dataset</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_waves_3km_2019082900.nc - Atmosphere and waves at 3-km resolution dataset, Aug 29 - Sep 1.</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_waves_3km_2019090100.nc - Atmosphere and waves at 3-km resolution dataset, Sep 1-7</li> <li>dorian2019_ocean_1km_2019082900.nc - Ocean circulation at 1-km resolution dataset</li> <li>main.nml - UMWM (waves) configuration file</li> <li>namelist.input - WRF (atmosphere) configuration file</li> <li>regional.depth.[ab] - HYCOM (ocean circulation) bathymetry files</li> <li>regional.grid.[ab] - HYCOM (ocean circulation) grid files</li> <li>umwm.gridtopo - UMWM (waves) grid and bathymetry file</li> <li>wrfbdy_d01 - WRF (atmosphere) boundary conditions file</li> <li>wrfinput_d01.2019082900 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for parent domain on Aug 29</li> <li>wrfinput_d01.2019090100 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for parent domain on Sep 1</li> <li>wrfinput_d02.2019090100 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for inner nest on Sep 1</li> </ul> <p><strong>Coupled model source code</strong></p> <p>The model source code has not yet been released. We plan to open source it upon publication of the paper describing the simulation. When the source code is released, we will add the link to this repository.</p>
Global atmospheric simulation using the Super-Parameterized Community Atmosphere Model
<p>A 1-month subset from a global atmospheric simulation using the Super-Parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SP-CAM), which implements the Multi-scale Modeling Framework (MMF) described in Khairoutdinov and Randall (2001) and Khairoutdinov et al. (2005). The version of the SP-CAM used here is described in Marchand et al. (2009) and Ovtchinnikov et al (2006), and was run at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with DOE support. It is based on CAM 3.0 for the global atmospheric component, and uses the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM; Khairoutdinov and Randall 2003). This simulation is configured with CAM running the finite volume dynamical core on a 2x2.5 degree latitude-longitude grid with 26 vertical levels. The embedded CRM (SAM) is configured with 64 horizontal columns at 4 km grid spacing with 24 vertical levels (sharing the bottom 24 levels with the CAM grid), and single-moment microphysics. The simulation was initialized on 1 September 1997 and runs through June 2002, forced with observed monthly-mean sea surface temperatures. Only the month of July 2000 is uploaded here, which is what is required to reproduce the results in Hillman et al. (2018).</p>
FESOM2 simulations with increasing sea-ice model complexity under different atmospheric forcings
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>This dataset has been compiled in support of the paper "Impact of sea-ice model complexity on the performance of an unstructured sea-ice/ocean model under different atmospheric forcings" by Zampieri et al., submitted to the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) published by the American Geophysical Union (AGU).</p> <p><strong>Scientific description of the dataset</strong></p> <p>The dataset contains the results of sea-ice simulations performed with the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model version 2 (FESOM2), based on six model configurations: C1-E, C1-N, C2-E, C2-N, C3-E, and C3-N. As described in the paper, the complexity of the sea-ice model increases from the setup C1 to C3. The suffix -E and -N indicate respectively the ERA5 and NCEP atmospheric forcings used as boundary conditions for the FESOM2 model. As two iterations of the Green's function approach for the optimization of the parameter space have been performed, each configuration features three separate simulations: a control run (cnt), a first-round of optimization (opt_1), and a second and final round of optimization (opt_2). The parameter optimization is based on various sea-ice observations retrieved over the period 2002–2015. In total, 18 simulations compose the dataset (6 configurations x 3 realizations). The following 2D monthly-averaged variables are provided: the sea-ice concentration, the sea-ice thickness, the meridional and zonal components of the sea-ice velocity, and the snow thickness on top of the sea ice. The fields are defined on a global unstructured mesh denominated "CORE2", which is also included in the database.</p> <p><strong>Technical description of the dataset</strong></p> <p>As an unstructured model output is not widely diffused in the sea-ice community, we include here some suggestions for handling and analyzing the simulation results.</p> <p>The files can be interpolated to a regular grid using the following <strong><a href="https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/cdo">CDO</a></strong> commands:</p> <ol> <li>Add grid description to model file: <strong><em>cdo setgrid,CORE2_mesh.nc var.fesom.yyyy.nc temp.nc</em></strong></li> <li>Interpolate to regular grid: <strong>cdo remapycon,r360x180 temp.nc var.fesom.interpolated.yyyy.nc</strong></li> </ol> <p>Furthermore, the python package<strong> <a href="https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/cdo">pyfesom2</a></strong> can be used for plotting the unstructured model data and for interpolating it to a regular grid. The R package <strong><a href="https://github.com/FESOM/spheRlab">spheRlab</a></strong> can be used for plotting the model data directly on its unstructured grid and for performing further analysis. More information can be found on the <strong><a href="https://fesom.de/cmip6/work-with-awi-cm-unstructured-data/">FESOM website</a></strong>.</p> <p>The following naming convention is adopted for the model variables:</p> <ul> <li><strong><em>a_ice</em></strong> → sea-ice concentration</li> <li><strong><em>m_ice</em></strong> → sea-ice volume per unit area of ice</li> <li><strong><em>m_snow </em></strong>→ snow-volume per unit area of ice</li> <li><strong><em>vice</em></strong> → meridional component of the sea-ice velocity</li> <li><strong><em>uice</em></strong> → zonal component of the sea-ice velocity</li> </ul> <p>Three types of simulation are included:</p> <ul> <li><strong>cnt </strong>→ control run before the parameters optimization (2000–2019)</li> <li><strong>opt_1 </strong>→ after the first iteration of the parameter optimization method (2000–2015)</li> <li><strong>opt_2</strong> → after the second iteration of the parameter optimization method (2000–2019)</li> </ul> <p>Do not hesitate to contact the corresponding author (lorenzo.zampieri@awi.de) for additional information about the data processing and for any other issue with this dataset.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Atmospheric Distribution of HCN from Satellite Observations and 3-D Model Simulations - TOMCAT data
<p>This repository contains the model data from the paper "Atmospheric Distribution of HCN from Satellite<br> Observations and 3-D Model Simulations" submitted to ACP.</p> <p>The files contains the monthly mean hydrogen cyanide (HCN) mixing ratios modelled using the TOMCAT 3-D offline chemical transport model with a horizontal resolution of 2.8° × 2.8° with 60 hybrid σ-pressure levels from the surface to ~60 km.</p>
Atmospheric clumped O2 isotope composition simulation data and analysis scripts from EMAC/aMC models
<p>This publication contains source code, data and analysis scripts/results of the simulations presented in the following manuscript:</p> <blockquote> <p>Laskar, A.H., G.A. Adnew, S.S. Gromov, R. Peethambaran, B. Steil, J. Lelieveld, T. Blunier and T. Röckmann (2022). "Large variations in atmospheric oxidants and temperature during the Holocene" (in review)</p> </blockquote> <p> </p> <p><strong>EMAC simulations analysis</strong></p> <p>The analysis contains integrals of species burdens and other atmospheric physicochemical parameters obtained with the clumped isotopes of oxygen (CIO)-enabled ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC, see <a href="https://www.messy-interface.org">MESSy consortium website</a> for more information) model in various climate states. Simulations were performed in 2021–2022 at the <a href="https://www.dkrz.de">German Climate Computing Centre</a> (DKRZ) with the support of the <a href="https://www.palmod.de">PalMod project</a>.</p> <p>Analysis data is stored in human/machine-readable file <code>D36-EMAC-analysis.dat</code>, please refer to its header for variables description, etc.</p> <p>Additional (to those presented in the manuscript) analysis plots from EMAC data analysis are available in <code>D36-EMAC-analysis.vsz</code> (see the hardcopy in <code>D36-EMAC-analysis.pdf</code>) prepared using the <a href="https://veusz.github.io">Veusz</a> software.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2BM/MC (two-box Monte-Carlo) model code, simulation data and analysis</strong></p> <p>2BM/MC code/simulation setup is implemented within the advanced Monte-Carlo framework (aMC) and is available in the <a href="https://gitlab.com/sergey.gromov/amc/-/tree/vpCIO">respective repository</a>. A copy of the source code used to perform simulations is provided here (see <code>aMC-vpCIO.tar.gz</code> archive).</p> <p>2BM/MC output is stored in the <a href="https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/">netCDF format</a> (ver. 4) and can be read in by any compatible software. The output contains probe statistics (reference <em>probed</em> distributions of the variables) in <code>vpCIO-probe_stat-*.nc</code> and resulting statistics (distributions <em>matching</em> given criteria, i.e. changes to the Δ36 signature vs. PD conditions) in <code>vpCIO-delta-*.nc</code> files, respectively.</p> <p>We use <a href="https://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov">NOAA Ferret</a> software to derive additional statistics of the third parameter (viz. average STE (<em>S</em>) changes) over the obtained 2D frequency histograms of other parameters (viz. changes to equilibration rate (<em>Req)</em> and temperature (<em>Teq</em>)). The scripts exemplifying this calculation are presented in <code>D36-vpCIO-analysis__proc*</code> files, which output results/overview plots in <code>vpCIO-delta-*__proc.nc</code> and <code>vpCIO-delta-*.gif</code> files.</p> <p>The analysis of the 2BM/MC simulation is available in <code>D36-vpCIO-analysis.vsz</code> script (see the hardcopy in <code>D36-vpCIO-analysis.pdf</code>) prepared using the <a href="https://veusz.github.io">Veusz</a> software. Note that some plots require the abovementioned third-parameter statistics as input.</p> <p><strong>Performing simulations with 2BM/MC</strong></p> <p>In order to perform simulations (e.g. with altered parameters), please follow the <a href="https://gitlab.com/sergey.gromov/amc/-/tree/vpCIO#integrating-your-code-building-executing">respective guide</a> for and build the <code>aMC-vpCIO</code> model. A typical sequence of shell commands to build and run 2BM/MC (which is referred to as <code>vpCIO</code> generic model within the <code>aMC</code>) is:</p> <pre><code># clone the distribution and check-out `vpCIO` branch or particular commit referenced in the repository history [user@pc]/~> git clone https://gitlab.com/sergey.gromov/amc.git [user@pc]/~> cd amc [user@pc]/~/amc> git checkout vpCIO # or unpack the source code available in this publication: [user@pc]/~> tar -xvf `aMC-vpCIO.tar.gz` [user@pc]/~> cd amc # build the aMC/vpCIO model executable # (note that you need at least a GCC or Intel compiler suite and respective netCDF v.4 library Fortran interface available in your environment): [user@pc]/~/amc> make vpCIO # adjust model setup (see the `vpCIO/amc.nml` namelist) ... # perform simulation [user@pc]/~/amc> cd vpCIO [user@pc]/~/amc/vpCIO> ./xamc # calculate additional statistics/produce overview with NOAA Ferret: [user@pc]/~/amc/vpCIO> ferret -gif -script D36-vpCIO-analysis__proc.jnl MH [user@pc]/~/amc/vpCIO> ./D36-vpCIO-analysis__proc</code></pre> <p>Note that output files contain the build timestamp and repository commit hash for the code used in the simulation, e.g.:</p> <pre><code>[user@pc]/~/amc/vpCIO> ncdump -h ./vpCIO-delta-dMH.nc | grep 'build' :build = "vpCIO@https://gitlab.com/sergey.gromov/amc__aMC_v1.9-110-g2566229@2022-12-09T16:43:12+01:00__built@2022-12-09T16:48:03+01:00__<user>@<email.com>" ;</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Please contact Sergey Gromov ( sergey.gromov (at) mpic.de ) for additional information and access to the original experiment data.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary Material: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Wakes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
<p>Supplementary material for <em>Energies</em> <strong>2016</strong>, <em>9</em>, 366; doi:10.3390/en9050366:</p> <p><strong>Video S1:</strong> Normalized instantaneous streamwise velocity field both on a vertical plane (<em>x</em>-<em>z</em>) going through the center of the turbine and on a horizontal plane at the equator height of the turbine (Note: the physical time corresponding to this video is 1 minute and 17 seconds, and the size of the blades is magnified for illustration purposes).</p> <p><strong>Video S2:</strong> Normalized instantaneous streamwise velocity field on a horizontal plane at the equator height of the turbine for two cases: when the turbine starts to operate (top) and when the flow has reached statistically steady condition (bottom) (Note: the physical time corresponding to both videos is 1 minute and 17 seconds, and the size of the blades is magnified for illustration purposes).</p>
Simulation dataset and plotting scripts used for journal article "Surface modulated dissociation of organic aerosol acids and bases in different atmospheric environments" by Sengupta and Prisle (2024)
<p>Simulation data underlying all figures presented in "Surface modulated dissociation of organic aerosol acids and bases in different atmospheric environments" by Sengupta and Prisle (2024) <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2024.2323641" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2024.2323641</a>. </p> <p>The data for each figure and the plotting scripts are included in a zip file labelled by the figure number as presented in the paper and accompanying supplement.</p>
High-resolution simulations of Mediterranean windstorm Adrian with the Meso-NH atmospheric model
<p>The dataset provides numerical simulations of Mediterranean windstorm Adrian of 29 October 2018 at two horizontal resolutions and using different representations of surface turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface. The simulations are run with the Meso-NH non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model of the French research community, version 5.4, freely available under CeCILL-C license agreement: <a href="http://mesonh.aero.obs-mip.fr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://mesonh.aero.obs-mip.fr/</a></p> <p>The data is formatted in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) using the CF Metadata Conventions and standard Meso-NH names for physical variables. The data files are named as following: <strong>EXP.N.CONTENT.nc</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>EXP</strong> describes the numerical experiment (name of the parameterization of surface turbulent fluxes or their absence) </li> <li><strong>N</strong> the horizontal resolution (1=1000m, mesoscale simulation; 2=200m, large-eddy simulation) </li> <li><strong>CONTENT</strong> the type of data (3D zoom over the windstorm center or vertical profiles in the same area at 1530 UTC, or 2D surface fields every 6 min from 12 to 18 UTC)</li> </ul>
Output from ICON v2.6.2.2 cloud locking simulations: 3D radiative fluxes and additional atmospheric variables
<p>Simulation output from a cloud locking experiment carried out by A. Voigt with ICON version 2.6.2.2, originally for use in M. Huber’s PhD thesis (<a href="https://utheses.univie.ac.at/detail/63548/">https://utheses.univie.ac.at/detail/63548/</a>) and described therein. This subset was processed by E.K. Van de Koot for use in a study by McGraw et al (submitted 2024). Vertically-resolved radiative flux output is in the ‘phy_3d’ files, while ‘atm_2d’ and ‘atm_3d’ include additional atmospheric quantities, such as temperatures, specific humidity, and 2D radiative fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere and surface. Each file name is prefaced with the name of the relevant simulation (e.g. ‘amip_T1C1W1’), which follows nomenclature described in the Huber thesis.</p> <p>*Updated Dec 4, 2024 to fix a very small issue on vertical levels in the 'phy' files.</p>
Output of simulations for "Atmosphere Response to an Oceanic Sub-mesoscale SST Front: A Coherent Structure Analysis": Part 1
<p>This dataset contains the output of the simulations for the paper "Atmosphere Response to an Oceanic Sub-mesoscale SST Front: A Coherent Structure Analysis" doi: [TO BE COMPLETED]. This is part 1. It contains data for the S1 simulation.</p>
Output of simulations for "Atmosphere Response to an Oceanic Sub-mesoscale SST Front: A Coherent Structure Analysis": Part 2
<p>This dataset contains the output of the simulations for the paper "Atmosphere Response to an Oceanic Sub-mesoscale SST Front: A Coherent Structure Analysis" doi: [TO BE COMPLETED]. This is part 2. It contains the remaining of data for the S1 simulation, the data of the reference simulations RefC and RefW, and the data for the sensitivity analysis of the supplementary material.</p>
Phanerozoic global climatic fields simulated using the FOAM ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
<p>These files contain the output of Phanerozoic global climate simulations conducted using the coupled ocean-atmosphere FOAM general circulation model. They are available every 20 Myrs between 540 Ma and 0 Ma, both included. All simulations have been conducted using identical boundary conditions; pCO2: 2240 ppm, solar luminosity: 1368 W m-2, vegetation: rocky desert, orbital configuration: null eccentricity and minimum obliquity. Only the continental configuration was varied from one time slice to the other (sensitivity test to the continental configuration), using the reconstructions of Scotese and Wright (https://www.earthbyte.org/paleodem-resource-scotese-and-wright-2018/).</p> <p>The reader is referred to the associated paper for a full description of the model and boundary conditions.</p> <p>All file names use the following pattern: "[age]rd_1368W_EccN_[model_component]_2240ppm.nc", with [age], the age expressed in million years ago, and [model_component] being 'atmos', 'ocean' or 'coupl' (atmospheric and oceanic components, plus coupler).</p>
Varied oxygen simulations with WACCM6 (Proterozoic to pre-industrial atmosphere)
<p>The history of molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) in Earth's atmosphere is still debated; however, geological evidence supports at least two major episodes where O<sub>2</sub> increased by an order of magnitude or more: the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event. O<sub>2 </sub>concentrations have likely fluctuated (between 10<sup>−3</sup> and 1.5 times the present atmospheric level) since the GOE ∼ 2.4 Gyr ago, resulting in a time-varying ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) layer. Using a three-dimensional (3D) chemistry climate model, we simulate changes in O<sub>3</sub> in Earth's atmosphere since the GOE and consider the implications for surface habitability, and glaciation during the Mesoproterozoic. We find lower O<sub>3</sub> columns (reduced by up to 4.68 times for a given O<sub>2</sub> level) compared to previous work; hence, higher fluxes of biologically harmful UV radiation would have reached the surface. Reduced O<sub>3</sub> leads to enhanced tropospheric production of the hydroxyl radical (OH) which then substantially reduces the lifetime of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). We show that a CH<sub>4</sub> supported greenhouse effect during the Mesoproterozoic is highly unlikely. The reduced O<sub>3</sub> columns we simulate have important implications for astrobiological and terrestrial habitability, demonstrating the relevance of 3D chemistry-climate simulations when assessing paleoclimates and the habitability of faraway worlds.</p>
Experimental and model data for "Nitrogen oxide production in laser-induced breakdown simulating impacts on the Hadean atmosphere"
<p>This is raw data and supporting figures associated with the publication: Heays, A. N., Kaiserová, T., Rimmer, P. B., Knížek, A., Petera, L., Civiš, S., et al. (2022). Nitrogen oxide production in laser-induced breakdown simulating impacts on the Hadean atmosphere. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</em>, 127, e2021JE006842. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006842">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006842</a></p> <p>Two data files contain model output of the ARGO atmospheric photochemistry code that was used to generate figures for Sec. 3 of the paper:</p> <ul> <li>ARGO_model_data_neutral_case.txt</li> <li>ARGO_model_data_reducing_case.txt</li> </ul> <p>The following data files contain a tabulation of laboratory-measured and modelled photoabsorption spectra as described in Sec. 2 of the paper. The A-G letter-encoding of these files follows Table 1 of the paper, and the spectral ranges correspond to the strongest bands of NO, N2O, and NO2. </p> <ul> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_A_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_A_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_A_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_B_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_B_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_B_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_C_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_C_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_C_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_D_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_D_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_D_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_E_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_E_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_E_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_F_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_F_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_F_species_NO.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_G_species_N2O.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_G_species_NO2.txt</li> <li>laboratory_spectrum_experiment_G_species_NO.txt</li> </ul> <p>The following file contains a tabulation of the full-spectral-range laboratory-measured photoabsorption spectrum of experiment A, along with a modelled spectrum.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/49f05962-9a34-4bbc-855c-1a0976f62531/laboratory_spectrum_experiment_A_full_spectrum.txt?versionId=79a70ade-63d1-4fd7-b423-176e27f8dc37">laboratory_spectrum_experiment_A_full_spectrum.txt </a></li> </ul> <p>The following file contains plots of the experimental spectra for all NxOy species in all measurements as well as the residual error of models fit to these spectra. Additional residual errors of model neglecting NxOy species indicates their contribution to the spectra.</p> <ul> <li>laboratory_spectrum_figures.pdf</li> </ul> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.