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112 results for “aversive”
Dataset of neurons and intracranial EEG from human amygdala during aversive dynamic visual stimulation
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Aversive imagery causes de novo fear conditioning (Open Data and Open Materials)
<p><strong>Open Data and Open Materials of: Mueller, E. M., Sperl, M. F. J., & Panitz, C. (2019). Aversive imagery causes de novo fear conditioning. <em>Psychological Science</em>, <em>30</em>(7), 1001–1015.</strong></p> <p>In classical fear conditioning, neutral conditioned stimuli (CS) that have been paired with aversive physical unconditioned stimuli eventually trigger fear responses. Here, we test whether aversive mental images systematically paired with a CS may also cause de novo fear learning in the absence of any external aversive stimulation. In two experiments, <em>N</em>=45 and <em>N</em>=41 participants were first trained to produce aversive, neutral, or no imagery in response to one of three different visual imagery cues. In a subsequent imagery-based differential conditioning paradigm, each of the three cues systematically co-terminated with one of three different neutral faces. Although the face that was paired with the aversive imagery cue was never paired with aversive external stimuli or threat-related instructions, participants rated it as more arousing, unpleasant, and threatening and displayed relative fear bradycardia and fear-potentiated startle. These results could be relevant for the development of fear and related disorders without trauma.</p>
PsPM-FSS7B: Inhibiting human aversive memory by transcranial theta-burst stimulation to primary sensory cortex
<p>This dataset includes skin conductance response (SCR), electromygoram (EMG), and pupil size response (PSR) measurements. Also included are CS and US information, keypress responses, keypress response times and key correctness. The dataset contains data from 68 healthy unmedicated participants (34 females) participating in a classical (Pavlovian) discriminant delay fear conditioning task. Simple and complex CS are deliverd to the intermediate phalanges of the index and middle fingers of the nondominant hand. Simple stimulis are stimulations to either index or middle finger, complex stimulis are stimulations of different temporal structure to both index and middle fingers. CS intensity is set to a perceivable but not unpleasant level. US is a train of electric square pulses delivered with a constant current stimulator (Digitimer DS7A, Digitimer, Welwyn Garden City, UK) on participants' dominant forearm through a pin-cathode/ring-anode configuration. SOA betwen the CS and US is 3.5 s. The ITI is randomly determined on each trial to be 7, 9, or 11 s. The study included fear acquisition (day 1), recall and retest sessions (day 2). Participants are divided into experimental and control groups, where experimental group received continuous theta-burst stimulation on primary somatosensory cortex contralateral to the CS hand immediately prior to fear acquisition, and control group received the same stimulation to the primary somatosensory cortex ipsilateral to the CS hand. For SCR data from the acquisition session, there are 62 datasets (28 experimental, 34 control), and for PSR, 37 datasets (20 experimental, 17 control). For EMG data from the recall session, there are 52 datasets (25 experimental, 27 control). For SCR data from the retest session, there are 56 datasets (27 experimental, 39 control), and for PSR, 42 datasets (22 experimental, 20 control). </p>
Model-based aversive learning in humans is supported by preferential task state reactivation
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Dataset: Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences
<p>Dataset for Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences</p>
PsPM-SSNA_1-2: Sudomotor Nerve Activity and Skin Conductance Response to 1: Aversive Sounds and 2: Auditory Oddballs
<p>This dataset includes skin conductance response (SCR) and sudomotor neurography signals for each of 7 healthy unmedicated participants 4 male, 3 female,23.7+/-4.0 years) in response to 20 broadband white noise sounds (SSNA_1) or 10 oddball tones in a oddball task (SSNA_2). Some participants did not complete SSNA_2 or had several repetitions of SSNA_1 such that there are 9 recordings for SSNA_1 and 5 recordings for SSNA_2. White noise sounds in SSNA_1 were 1 s long with 10 ms on- and offset ramp and presented at ~85 dB. Oddball and standard sounds in SSNA_2 were 50 ms long, with 10 ms on- and offset ramp, and presented at ~75 dB. Sound frequency was 440 Hz or 460 Hz. White noise sounds and oddball tones was separated by a random inter trial interval of at least 30 s. All stimuli for each of the experiments were presented in one block. There is a marker for each sound onset (including standard tones) in the spike recordings. Participants where instructed to press a button when hearing any sound (SSNA_1) or an oddball (SSNA_2). These keystrokes where not recorded.</p>
Replication package for "Why do people persist in sea-level rise threatened coastal regions? Empirical evidence on risk aversion and place attachment"
<p><strong>Steps to replicate the tables and figures in “Why do people persist in sea-level rise threatened coastal regions? Empirical evidence on risk aversion and place attachment”</strong></p> <p><em>by Ivo Steimanis, Matthias Mayer and Björn Vollan</em></p> <p><strong>General information:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Instructions for replication of the results using Stata. All do-files were created in Stata 16.</li> <li>There are 4 folders (DO-FILES, DTA-FILES, OUTPUT, XLS-FILES), in the replication package. Copy these folders to your computer in a common directory</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Do-files:</strong></p> <ul> <li>In the DO-FILES folder run the <strong>“00_master.do”</strong> to replicate the results reported in the main manuscript and the supplementary materials. The results will be saved in the OUTPUT folder. All additional Stata packages will be automatically installed.</li> <li><strong>“01_merge_generate.do” </strong>merges the different datasets and creates additional variables using in the analysis</li> <li><strong>“02_analysis.do” </strong>provides the code to replicate all figures and tables reported in the main manuscript and supplementary materials</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data sets:</strong></p> <ul> <li>“bd_combine.dta”: cleaned survey data from Bangladesh</li> <li>“vn_combine.dta”: cleaned survey data from Vietnam</li> <li>“data_analysis.dta”: main data set with the survey data from Bangladesh and Vietnam merged</li> </ul>
FSS7B - Inhibiting human aversive memory by transcranial theta-burst stimulation to primary sensory cortex: Supplementary fMRI data
<p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data supplementing a publication on inhibiting somatosensory fear memory in humans with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Contains 1) individual regions-of-interest (ROIs) masks in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to target with TMS, 2) S1 masks for left and right hemisphere used in restricting the ROIs to a priori expected area, 3) sum and probability maps of the ROIs over participants, and 4) summary group level fMRI NIFTI images including beta images and T-maps. Individual SPMs/beta images can be requested from the authors for academic research purposes (k.ojala@uke.de). Details on the methods are found in the Supplement of the publication (see linked DOI). </p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Yemshanov D, Koch F, Ducey M, Haack R, Siltanen M, Wilson K (2013) Quantifying uncertainty in pest risk maps and assessments: adopting a risk-averse decision maker's perspective. NeoBiota 18: 193-218. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.18.4002
Risk of out-of-state (out-of-province) locations to be the source of forest pests transported in firewood carried by campers. The risk rank values are based on the delineation of nested non-dominant sets via the first-degree stochastic dominance rule (FSD). The ranks close to 1.0 denote the highest risk of pest arrival and the ranks close to 0 denote the lowest risk. (doi: 10.3897/neobiota.18.4002.app1) File format: Adobe PDF File (pdf).:
Supplementary material 4 from: Yemshanov D, Koch F, Ducey M, Haack R, Siltanen M, Wilson K (2013) Quantifying uncertainty in pest risk maps and assessments: adopting a risk-averse decision maker's perspective. NeoBiota 18: 193-218. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.18.4002
Summary of differences between risk rank classes, 0–0.05, 0.05–0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–0.75, 0.75–0.95 and 0.95–1 in the delineations based on the FSD and SSD rules. (doi: 10.3897/neobiota.18.4002.app4) File format: Adobe PDF File (pdf).:
Dataset for: Dopamine neurons that inform Drosophila olfactory memory have distinct, acute functions driving attraction and aversion
<p>The brain must guide immediate responses to beneficial and harmful stimuli while simultaneously writing memories for future reference. While both immediate actions and reinforcement learning are instructed by dopamine, how dopaminergic systems maintain coherence between these two reward functions is unknown. Through optogenetic activation experiments, we showed that the dopamine neurons that inform olfactory memory in Drosophila have a distinct, parallel function driving attraction and aversion (valence). Sensory neurons required for olfactory memory were dispensable to dopaminergic valence. A broadly projecting set of dopaminergic cells had valence that was dependent on dopamine, glutamate, and octopamine. Similarly, a more restricted dopaminergic cluster with attractive valence was reliant on dopamine and glutamate; flies avoided opto-inhibition of this narrow subset, indicating the role of this cluster in controlling ongoing behavior. Dopamine valence was distinct from output-neuron opto-valence in locomotor pattern, strength, and polarity. Overall our data suggest that dopamine’s acute effect on valence provides a mechanism by which a dopaminergic system can coherently write memories to influence future responses while guiding immediate attraction and aversion.</p>
Human Alcohol Seeking Despite Aversion
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03648840. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Measuring motivation for alfalfa hay in feedlot cattle using voluntary interaction with an aversive stimulus
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Sex- and state-dependent covariation of risk-averse and escape behavior in a widespread lizard
<p>Mounting evidence has show<span>n</span> that personality and behavioral syndromes have a substantial influence on <span>interspecific interactions</span> and <span>individual </span>fitness. However, the stability of <span>covariation among multiple behavioral traits involved in antipredator responses</span> <span>has seldom been tested</span>. Here, we <span>investigate whether </span>sex, <span>gravidity</span>, and parasit<span>e infestations influence</span> <span>the covariation</span> <span>between</span> <span>risk-aversion</span> <span>(hiding time within a refuge) </span>and <span>escape</span> <span>response (immobility, escape distance)</span> using a viviparous lizard<span>,</span> <em>Zootoca vivipara</em><span> as a model system. Our results</span> <span>demonstrated a correlation between risk-averse and escape behavior at the among-individual level, but </span>only <span>in</span> <span>gravid</span> females<span>. We found no significant correlations in either males or neonates</span>. <span>A striking result was the loss of the association in post-parturition females. </span>Th<span>is</span> <span>suggests</span> that the <span>'risk-averse</span> – <span>e</span>scape<span>'</span> syndrome <span>is ephemeral and only emerges in response to constraints on locomotion driven by reproductive burden.</span> <span>Moreover</span>, parasites have the potential to disassociate the<span> correlations between</span> <span>risk-aversion and </span>escape <span>response</span> in <span>gravid</span> females, <span>yet the causal chain requires further examination</span>. <span>Overall, o</span>ur findings provide evidence of differences in the association <span>between</span> <span>behaviors within the life-time of an individual</span> and <span>indicate</span> that <span>individual states, sex and life stages can together</span> influence the stability of behavioral syndromes.</p>
Zebrafish larvae exploration and aversive chemotaxis dataset
<p>This dataset contains recordings of larval zebrafish behavior. The full details are described in the paper "A lexical approach for identifying behavioral action sequences". </p> <p>The experiment investigates zebrafish larvae behavior in free swimming and aversive chemotaxis conditions. In each experiment, 12 larvae (7 dpf) are placed in 12 rectangular wells. Ten min-long videos were recorded at 160 Hz with an exposure time of 1 ms, and a pixel size of 70 µm using a ViewWorks camera (Basler acA2040-180km) controlled by the Hiris software (R&D Vision, Nogent sur Marne, http://www.rd-vision.com/r-d-vision-eng).</p> <p>The fish are tracked using a custom-made software, Zebrazoom (https://zebrazoom.org/). The algorithm begins by locating all the wells and by extracting the background of the video. ZebraZoom first applies a series of actions to detect the animal in each well: i) contours of head and entire body are detected using active contours, ii) the center of the head is identified as the center of mass of the head contour and the tip of the tail is detected using both the curvature along the body contour and distance to the center of the head. The midline is then identified between the left and right borders of the body contour. For each animal, the difference in pixel intensity between subsequent frames enables the automated detection of bout start and end. Then, for each bout, the algorithm calculates the head position, head direction and the tail angle from which kinematic parameters are subsequently estimated: number of oscillations, instantaneous tail beat frequency, maximum amplitude for each tail bend, bout speed, bout duration, and bout distance. Tunable parameters in the tracking algorithm were optimized to detect small amplitude forward bouts occurring frequently during exploration. In order to validate our algorithm, we manually inspected validation videos where the head direction and tail position were superimposed on the raw image when a bout is detected, allowing to check both the tracking and bout detection quality.</p> <p>The dataset contains MATLAB files which can be read using the Python code uploaded along with the dataset. The codebase also includes a Cython implementation of the BASS algorithm. The ReadMe for using the Python code to analyze the larval zebrafish dataset and for using BASS is included with the code. </p>
Impairment of aversive episodic memories during Covid-19 pandemic: The impact of emotional context on memory processes
<p>The threatening context of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique setting to study the effects of negative psychological symptoms on memory processes. Episodic memory is an essential function of the human being related to the ability to store and remember experiences and anticipate possible events in the future. Studying this function in this context is crucial to understand what effects the pandemic will have on the formation of episodic memories. To study this, the formation of episodic memories was evaluated by free recall, recognition, and episode order tasks for an aversive and neutral content. The results indicated that aversive episodic memory is impaired both in the free recall task and in the recognition task. Even the beneficial effect that emotional memory usually has for the episodic order was undermined as there were no differences between the neutral and aversive condition. The present work adds to the evidence that indicates that the level of activation does not modify memory processes in a linear way, which also depends on the type of recall and the characteristics of the content to be encoded.</p>
Taste aversion training can educate free-ranging crocodiles against toxic invaders
<p>Apex predators play critical ecological roles, making their conservation a high priority. In tropical Australia, some populations of freshwater crocodiles (<em>Crocodylus johnstoni</em>) have plummeted by >70% due to lethal ingestion of toxic invasive cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>). Laboratory-based research has identified conditioned taste aversion (CTA) as a way to discourage consumption of toads. To translate those ideas into landscape-scale management, we deployed 2,395 baits (toad carcasses with toxin removed and containing a nausea-inducing chemical) across four gorge systems in north-western Australia and monitored bait uptake with remote cameras. Crocodile abundance was quantified with surveys. Free-ranging crocodiles rapidly learned to avoid toad baits but continued to consume control (chicken) baits. Toad invasion at our sites was followed by high rates of crocodile mortality (especially for small individuals) at a control site but not at nearby treatment sites. In areas with high connectivity to other waterbodies, repeated baiting over successive years had continuing positive impacts on crocodile survival. In summary, we succeeded in buffering the often-catastrophic impact of invasive cane toads on apex predators.</p>
Are Nonhuman Animals Averse to Inequity? A Meta-Analysis [Code and Data]
<p>Code and (anonymized) data for the manuscript "Are Nonhuman Animals Averse to Inequity? A Meta-Analysis"</p>
Data from: Social disappointment and partner presence affect long-tailed macaque refusal behaviour in an "inequity aversion" experiment
<p><span>Protest in response to unequal reward distribution is thought to have played a central role in the evolution of human cooperation. Some animals refuse food and become demotivated when rewarded more poorly than a conspecific, and this has been taken as evidence that non-human animals, like humans, protest in the face of inequity. An alternative explanation - social disappointment – shifts the cause of this discontent away from the unequal reward, to the human experimenter who could – but elects not to – treat the subject well. This study investigates whether social disappointment could explain frustration behaviour in long-tailed macaques, <em>Macaca</em> <em>fascicularis</em>. We tested 12 monkeys in a novel `inequity aversion' paradigm. Subjects had to pull a lever and were rewarded with low-value food; in half of the trials, a partner worked alongside the subjects receiving high-value food. Rewards were distributed either by a human or a machine. In line with the social disappointment hypothesis, monkeys rewarded by the human refused food more often than monkeys rewarded by the machine. </span>Our study extends previous findings in chimpanzees and suggests that social disappointment plus social facilitation or food competition effects drive food refusal patterns.</p>
Data from: Association between arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) polymorphism and inequity aversion
<p>Although numerous studies have focused on brain functions related to inequity aversion, few have examined its genetic basis. Here, we show the association between estimated inequity aversion and polymorphisms in three genes associated with human sociality. Non-student adult participants took part in five economic game experiments on different days. Disadvantageous inequity aversion (DIA) and advantageous inequity aversion (AIA) were calculated from behavioural responses using Bayesian estimation. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor (<em>OXTR</em> rs53576), arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (<em>AVPR1A</em> RS3), and opioid receptor mu 1 (<em>OPRM1</em> rs1799971) and inequity aversion. Regarding <em>AVPR1A</em> RS3, participants with the SS genotype had higher AIA than those with the SL or LL genotypes, but no association was found for DIA. Moreover, we observed no aversion associations for <em>OXTR</em> rs53576 or <em>OPRM1</em> rs1799971. The results suggest that <em>AVPR1A</em> plays an important role in aversion when one's own gain is greater than that of others. Our findings may provide a solid theoretical basis for future studies on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and inequity aversion.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.