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18 results for “balsam fir”
Ecoregion and community structure influences on the foliar elemental niche of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall)
<p><strong><span>Context</span></strong><span>: Changes in foliar elemental niche properties, defined by axes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, reflect how species allocate resources under different environmental conditions. For instance, elemental niches may differ in response to large-scale latitudinal temperature and precipitation regimes that occur between ecoregions and small-scale differences in nutrient dynamics based on species co-occurrences at a community level.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: at a species level, we compared foliar elemental niche hypervolumes for balsam fir (<em>Abies balsamea</em> (L.) Mill.) and white birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em> Marshall) between a northern and southern ecoregion. At a community level, we grouped our focal species using plot data into conspecific (i.e., only one focal species is present) and heterospecific groups (i.e., both focal species are present) and compared their foliar elemental concentrations under these community conditions across, within, and between these ecoregions. Between ecoregions at the species and community level, we expected niche hypervolumes to be different and driven by regional biophysical effects on foliar N and P concentrations. At the community level, we expected niche hypervolume displacement and expansion patterns for fir and birch, respectively – patterns that reflect their resource strategy.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: at the species level, foliar elemental niche hypervolumes between ecoregions differed significantly for fir (F = 14.591, p-value = 0.001) and birch (F = 75.998, p-value = 0.001) with higher foliar N and P in the northern ecoregion. At the community level, across ecoregions, the foliar elemental niche hypervolume of birch differed significantly between heterospecific and conspecific groups (F = 4.075, p-value = 0.021) but not for fir. However, both species displayed niche expansion patterns, indicated by niche hypervolume increases of 35.49% for fir and 68.92% for birch. Within the northern ecoregion, heterospecific conditions elicited niche expansion responses, indicated by niche hypervolume increases for fir of 29.04% and birch of 66.48%. In the southern ecoregion we observed a contraction response for birch (niche hypervolume decreased by 3.66%), and no changes for fir niche hypervolume. Conspecific niche hypervolume comparisons between ecoregions yielded significant differences for fir and birch (F = 7.581, p-value = 0.005 and F = 8.038, p-value = 0.001) as did heterospecific comparisons (F = 6.943, p-value = 0.004, and F = 68.702, p-value = 0.001, respectively). </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span>: our results suggest species may exhibit biogeographical specific elemental niches – driven by biophysical differences such as those used to describe ecoregion characteristics. We also demonstrate how a species resource strategy may inform niche shift patterns in response to different community settings. Our study highlights how biogeographical differences may influence foliar elemental traits and how this may link to concepts of ecosystem and landscape functionality.</span></p>
Ecoregion and community structure influences on the foliar elemental niche of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall)
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Data from: Differential defoliation and mortality of white spruce and balsam fir by Eastern spruce budworm
<p>White spruce (<em>Picea glauca</em>) and Balsam fir (<em>Abies balsamea</em>) tree mortality data and tree characteristics recorded in July 2019 following an Eastern spruce budworm outbreak detected at two sites in northern Wisconsin, USA in 2014. These data were collected at the individual tree level, and include tree status, tree diameter at breast height (cm) and canopy class.</p>
Balsam fir seedling bank in Whiteface Mountain (2014–2015)
<p><span>The persistence of future forests depends </span><span>on the success of tree seedlings which are experiencing increasing physiological stress from changing climate and air pollution. Although the moss layer can serve as an important substrate for tree seedlings, its potential for reducing environmental stress and enhancing the establishment of seedlings remains poorly understood. We tested if </span><span>the moss layer decreased environmental stress and increased the abundance of balsam fir seedlings dominant in high-elevation forests of the northeastern United States that are sensitive to changing climate and mercury deposition. We surveyed balsam fir seedling density by substrate (moss, litter, other) on 120 quadrats (1×1 m) in two contrasting canopy environments (in gaps and under canopies), measured seedling stress, and quantified mercury content in seedlings and substrates. We observed that, in both canopy environments, tree seedlings established on moss exhibited (<em>i</em>) increased density, (<em>ii</em>) decreased physiological stress, and (<em>iii</em>) higher potential to recruit into larger size class, compared to seedlings established in litter. Regardless of canopy environment, seedling foliar mercury levels did not correspond to substrate mercury despite large differences in substrate mercury concentrations (relative to moss, litter concentrations were ~4-times greater and soil concentrations were ~6-times greater), likely reflecting the dominance of foliar over root uptake of mercury. Since the moss layer appeared to mitigate seedling drought stress and to increase seedling establishment and recruitment compared to other substrates, these microsite effects should be considered in models predicting forest regeneration and dynamics under increased drought stress associated with ongoing climate warming.</span></p>
Balsam fir seedling bank in Whiteface Mountain (2014–2015)
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Data from: Differential defoliation and mortality of white spruce and balsam fir by Eastern spruce budworm
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Data from: Facilitation of balsam fir by trembling aspen in the boreal forest: do ectomycorrhizal communities matter?
Succession is generally well described above-ground in the boreal forest, and several studies have demonstrated the role of interspecific facilitation in tree species establishment. However the role of mycorrhizal communities for tree establishment and interspecific facilitation, has been little explored. At the ecotone between the mixed boreal forest, dominated by balsam fir and hardwood species, and the boreal forest, dominated by black spruce, several stands of trembling aspen can be found, surrounded by black spruce forest. Regeneration of balsam fir seems to have increased in the recent decades within the boreal forest, and it seems better adapted to grow in trembling aspen stands than in black spruce stands, even when located in similar abiotic conditions. As black spruce stands are also covered by ericaceous shrubs, we investigated if differences in soil fungal communities and ericaceous shrubs abundance could explain the differences observed in balsam fir growth and nutrition. We conducted a study centered on individual saplings to link growth and foliar nutrient concentrations to local vegetation cover, mycorrhization rate and mycorrhizal communities associated with balsam fir roots. We found that foliar nutrient concentrations and ramification indices (colonization by mycorrhiza per length of root) were greater in trembling aspen stands and were positively correlated to apical and lateral growth of balsam fir saplings. In black spruce stands, the presence of ericaceous shrubs near balsam fir saplings affected ectomycorrhizal communities associated with tree roots which in turn negatively correlated with N foliar concentrations. Our results reveal that fungal communities observed under aspen are drivers of balsam fir early growth and nutrition in boreal forest stands and may facilitate ecotone migration in a context of climate change.
Data from: Facilitation of balsam fir by trembling aspen in the boreal forest: do ectomycorrhizal communities matter?
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Data from: Spatial correlations between browsing on balsam fir by white-tailed deer and the nutritional value of neighboring winter forage
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Figures 28-31 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 28-31 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 28–30 Tachinus fumipennis (Say) 31 Tachinus quebecensis Robert.
Figures 12-15 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 12-15 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 12–13 Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski 14–15 Atheta klagesi Bernhauer.
Figures 8-11 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 8-11 - Body images of rove beetles in dorsal view: 8 Tachinus frigidus Erichson 9 Tachinus fumipennis (Say) 10 Tachinus quebecensis Robert 11 Pseudopsis subulata Herman.
Figures 2-7 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 2-7 - Body images of rove beetles in dorsal view: 2 Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski 3 Atheta klagesi Bernhauer 4 Oxypoda grandipennis (Casey) 5 Bryophacis smetanai Campbell 6 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin) [previously cited as synonymous Ischnosoma fimbriatum Campbell] 7 Mycetoporus montanus Luze [previously cited as synonymous Mycetoporus rugosus Hatch].
Figures 20-23 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 20-23 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 20 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin) 21–22 Mycetoporus montanus Luze 23 Tachinus frigidus Erichson.
Figures 32-35 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 32-35 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 32–33 Tachinus quebecensis Robert 34–35 Pseudopsis subulata Herman.
Figures 24-27 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 24-27 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 24–26 Tachinus frigidus Erichson 27 Tachinus fumipennis (Say).
Figures 16-19 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figures 16-19 - Images of hindgut content of the following rove beetle species: 16 Oxypoda grandipennis (Casey) 17–18 Bryophacis smetanai Campbell 19 Ischnosoma longicorne (Mäklin).
Figure 1 from: Klimaszewski J, Morency M, Labrie P, Seguin A, Langor D, Work T, Bourdon C, Thiffault E, Pare D, Newton A (2013) Molecular and microscopic analysis of the gut contents of abundant rove beetle species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the boreal balsam fir forest of Quebec, Canada. ZooKeys 353: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.353.5991
Figure 1 - Map of ribosomal RNA genes and ITS regions.
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