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389 results for “bark beetles”
Tree Health Conditions (mortality, damage, disease, bark beetles) in Fuel Reduction Treatments Located Near Communities in Interior Alaska and the Cook Inlet Region of Alaska - Observations from July-August 2023
This dataset contains tree-, transect-, and site-level observations of forest stands at sites that received a fuel reduction treatment. Tree-level observations include species, diameter, living status, damage, disease, and bark beetle presence. Transect-level observations include level of coarse woody debris and bark beetle presence. Sites are categorized by region (recent/ongoing spruce beetle oubreak or endemic spruce beetle population levels) and treatment type (hand-thinned or mechanincally felled and masticated). These observations are from July-August 2023. Sites are located near communities in Interior Alaska and the Cook Inlet Region.
Bark Beetle Behavioral Response to 4-Allylanisole
<p><strong>Experiment 1: </strong>Experiment 1 was established in May 2018 and was a dose response study that evaluated the behavioral response of southern pine beetle (<em>Dendroctonus frontalis</em>), black turpentine beetle (<em>Dendroctonus terebrans</em>), and clerid predator beetles (<em>Thanasimus dubius</em>) to 4-allylanisole when combined with bark beetle pheromone components and a demonstrated host-produced synergist (<em>alpha</em>-pinene). </p> <p>This experiment contained four different collection dates, four sites in Oconee National Forest in Georgia, four traps per site, and four different treatments/lure combinations.</p> <p>Treatments: 1) Control with pheromone components (frontalin and brevicomin) + <em>alpha</em>-pinene; 2) pheromone components + <em>alpha</em>-pinene + low release rate of 4-allylanisole (4.8 mg/day) (LOW4AA); 3) pheromone components + <em>alpha</em>-pinene + medium release rate of 4-allylanisole (48 mg/day) (MED4AA); and 4) pheromone components + <em>alpha</em>-pinene + high release rate of 4-allylanisole (500 mg/day) (HIGH4AA).</p> <p>Variables in data include date of collection (Date), date of collection with dummy codes for each of the four collection times (Time), collection site (Site), trap number (Trap), lure combination (Treatment), number of southern pine beetle (SPB), number of black turpentine beetles (BTB), and number of clerid predator beetles (Clerids).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Experiment 2: </strong>Experiment 2 was established in April 2019 and was a dose response study that assessed the capacity of 4-allylanisole to influence beetle response when combined with attractive bark beetle pheromone components in the absence of other host-produced odors.</p> <p>This experiment contained four different collection dates, four sites in Oconee National Forest in Georgia, four traps per site, and four different treatments/lure combinations.</p> <p>Treatments: 1) Control with only pheromone components (frontalin and brevicomin); 2) pheromone components + low release rate of 4-allylanisole (4.8 mg/day) (LOW4AA); 3) pheromone components + medium release rate of 4-allylanisole (48 mg/day) (MED4AA); and 4) pheromone components + high release rate of 4-allylanisole (500 mg/day) (HIGH4AA).</p> <p>Variables in data include date of collection (Date), date of collection with dummy codes for each of the four collection times (Time), collection site (Site), trap number (Trap), lure combination (Treatment), number of southern pine beetle (SPB), number of black turpentine beetles (BTB), and number of clerid predator beetles (Clerids).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Experiment 3: </strong>Experiment 3 assessed the efficacy of 4-allylanisole to enhance the standard lure for <em>D. frontalis </em>and whether the presence of <em>alpha</em>- and <em>beta-</em>pinene and 4-allylanisole simultaneously enhances attraction over either host odor component when present singly<em>. </em></p> <p>Treatments: 1) pheromone components (frontaline and <em>endo</em>-brevicomin (A); 2) pheromone components + 4-allylanisole (B); 3) pheromone components + <em>alpha-/beta-</em>pinene (C); 4) pheromone components + <em>alpha-/beta-</em>pinene + 4-allylanisole (D); 5) pheromone components + turpentine sock (E); and 6) pheromone components + turpentine + 4-allylanisole (F).</p> <p>Variable in the data include date of collection (Date), time of collection which is a dummy code for each collection date (Time), number of days before collection (Days), site (Block), trap number (Trap), lure combination (Treatment), number of male southern pine beetles (Male), number of female southern pine beetles (Female), number of southern pine beetles (SPB), and number of clerid predator beetles.</p> <p> </p> <p>Questions regarding this data can be e-mailed to hmunro@uga.edu.</p>
Data from "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers"
<p>This is a compilation of datasets that were used for the publication entitled "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers" by Eckehard G. BROCKERHOFF, Stephanie L. SOPOW, and Martin K.-F. BADER, published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, 'in press' in October 2024.</p> <p>Note: The date format is either (i) season (spring/summer/autumn/winter) plus a two-figure short form for the year (e.g., "autumn08" stands for autumn 2008), or (ii) just the year for an annual total in either four- or two-figure form in the file name (e.g., "reg2010sums.csv" or "reg10sums.csv" for the year 2010).</p> <p>1. File "mean_trap_catches.csv" = Data used for Fig. 1 - Mean trap catch data of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus over time in Kaingaroa forest stands 378 ("F2006"), 377 ("F2009"), and 383 ("F2010"). For further explanations see methods of Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>2. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>3. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>4. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>5. File "reg10sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>6. File "reg11sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>7. File "reg12sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>8. File "hylu2010-fitted_dispersal_to_5km-Version_23May2024.csv" = Data shown in Fig. 4 - Extension of the prediction range to 5 km of Hylurgus ligniperda dispersal data, using a generalised additive mixed model (GAMM) with beta distributed errors and the default logarithmic link. For details see caption of Fig. 4 and methods in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p> </p>
Simulation result from "Simulating Bark Beetle Outbreak Dynamics and their Influence on Carbon Balance Estimates with ORCHIDEE r7791"
<p>Eight locations were selected which represent the range of climatic conditions within the distribution area of spruce in Europe (<em>Picea Abies</em> Karst L.) as shown in Table 4. Half-hourly weather data from the FLUXNET database <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?ibBw15">(Pastorello et al., 2020)</a> for these locations were used to drive ORCHIDEE. Some of these locations (FON, SOR, HES, COL, WET) are not populated with spruce but all are located within the species distribution. For each location, a pure spruce stand was simulated and the available FLUXNET data was looped to simulate a 100-year period. The study did not investigate the effect of species mixture in the simulation experiments. Other inputs, including soil texture, pH and soil color were obtained from the USDA map derived from <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?aaWPI6">Eswaran et al. (2003</a>), for the corresponding pixel.</p> <p>The amount of fresh breeding woody substrate inputs used by the bark beetles to breed was controlled by modifying the maximum wind speed of a windthrow event in ORCHIDEE. Seven wind speeds ranging between 19 m/s and 40 m/s were selected (Table 3). This range is justified by the observation that mean wind speeds below 19 m/s could not trigger a windthrow event in ORCHIDEE <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?jEqNDm">(Chen et al., 2018)</a> while for wind speeds exceeding 40 m/s, more than 60% of the trees are uprooted, leaving too few living trees to trigger a bark beetle outbreak within the same pixel. </p> <p>To investigate the impact of windthrow intensity and background climate on bark beetle outbreaks, the study conducted a total of 56 [8 sites x 7 wind speed intensities] simulations as given in table 3. The same 56 simulations were also used to analyze the sensitivity of the carbon balance of spruce forests to windthrow intensity and background climate.</p> <p>Where most land surface models use a turnover time to simulate continuous mortality <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?5jGfXF">(Thurner et al., 2014; Pugh et al., 2019)</a>, ecological reality is better described by abrupt mortality events. An idealized simulation experiment was used to qualify the impact of abrupt mortality on net biome productivity by changing from a framework in which mortality is approximated by a constant background mortality to a framework in which mortality occurs in abrupt, discrete events. To test the impact of a change in mortality framework two versions of ORCHIDEE were compared to create an idealized simulation experiment: (1) a version simulating mortality as a continuous process, labeled ”the continuous version”, and (2) the version capable of simulating abrupt mortality from windthrow and subsequent bark beetle outbreaks, labeled ”the abrupt version”. The effect of simulating abrupt mortality was evaluated over 20-, 50-, and 100-year time horizons.</p> <p>The effect of changing the framework of simulating mortality from continuous to abrupt was qualified on the basis of 112 simulations (8 sites x 7 wind speeds x 2 model versions) of 100 years each. The simulations with abrupt mortality were run first. Subsequently, the number of trees killed was quantified and used as a reference value for the continuous mortality set-up. This approach resulted in the same quantities of dead trees at the end of the simulation for both frameworks, which then differed only in the timing of the simulated mortality. This precaution is necessary to avoid comparing two different mortality regimes where the result would mainly be explained by the intensity of the mortality rather than by its underlying mechanisms. </p>
Fig. 1 in The flat bark beetles (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Cucujidae, Laemophloeidae) of Atlantic Canada
Fig. 1. Distribution of Silvanus bidentatus, Laemophloeus fasciatus, Uleiota debilis, Uleiota d. dubius, Charaphloeus convexulus, and C. sp. nr. adustus in Atlantic Canada.
Figure 36 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 36. Images of Stephanopodius spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) Stephanopodius ghanaensis, B) S. dubiosus; C) head of S. dubiosus; D) proventriculus of S. dubiosus, and E) aedeagus of S. dubiosus.
Figure 35 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 35. Images of Stegomerus spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) S. montanus, B) S. vulgaris, C) Ventral and lateral photograph of S. pygmaeus, D) Proventriculus of S. pygmaeus, eye, and antennae of E) S. montanus, and F) S. vulgaris.
Figure 34 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 34. Images of Neocryphus argentinensis. A) Dorsal and lateral photographs. B) Frontal view. C) Photograph of protibial showing unusual projection at the apex.
Figure 33 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 33. Images of Cryptocarenus spp. Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) C. heveae, B) C. pubescens and C) C. seriatus, D) eye and antennae of C. seriatus, proventriculus of E) C. heveae and F) C. seriatus.
Figure 25 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 25. Images of Eidophelus spp.: Aedeagus of A) E. darwini, B) E. fagi, C) E. incultus, D) E. squamosus, and E) E. fulvipennis.
Figure 31 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 31. Images of Procryphalus spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) P. fraxini, B) P. mucronatus, C) P. petioli, D) eye and antennae of P. mucronatus, E) male genitalia of P. mucronatus, F) proventriculus of P. mucronatus.
Figure 26 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 26. Images of Eidophelus spp.: Proventriculus of A) E. darwini, B) E. fagi, C) E. hylesinopsis, D) E. jalappae, E) E. quadridens, and F) E. spessivtzevi.
Figure 21 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 21. Images of Trypophloeus spp. Lateral and dorsal photographs of A) T. granulatus, B) T. populi, C) T. granulatus, D) T. populi, E) T. dejevi, F) T. granulatus.
Figure 13 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 13. Images of Afrocosmoderes sp.: A) Dorsal, lateral and ventral photo of A. pennatus. B) Aedeagus of A. pennatus, C) Proventriculus of A. pennatus, D) Frons, eye, and antennae of A. pennatus.
Figure 10 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 10. Images of Cryphalus spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) C. asperatus, B) C. bicolor, C) C. dorsalis, D) C. kesiyae, E) C. amplicollis, F) C. meridionalis.
Figure 29 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 29. Images of Ernoporus spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) E. armatus (holotype), B) E. concentralis (lectotype), C) E. tuberculatus (holotype). Proventriculus of D) E. concentralis, E) eye and antennae of E. concentralis.
Figure 12 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 12. Images of Cryphalus spp.: Aedeagus of A) Cryphalus asperatus, B) C. keysiae, C) C. mangiferae. Proventriculus of D) C. asperatus, E) C. dorsalis, F) C. mangiferae, and G) C. ozopemoides.
Figure 17 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 17. Images of Hypothenemus spp.: Lateral and dorsal photograph of A) H. ingens, B) H. pullus, C) H. seriatus. Eye and antennae of D) H. piaparolinae and E) H. seriatus, and aedeagus of F) H. dissimilis.
Figure 16 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 16. Images of Hypothenemus spp.: Lateral and dorsal photographs of A) H. areccae, B) H. aulmanni, C) H. eruditus, D) H. georgiae and E) H. hampei.
Figure 3 in Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Figure 3. Labeled diagram of antennal morphology used in this study. Specimen illustrated is Hypothenemus birmanus.
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