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59 results for “biological pest control”
Figure 2 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 2. Aculus taihangensis. Prodorsal shield and part of dorsal opisthosoma: A. Protogyne, B. Deutogyne.
Figure 4 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 4. Aculus taihangensis – Male: A. Prodorsal shield and part of dorsal opisthosoma, B. Coxigenital region.
Figure 5 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 5. Dense aggregation of Aculus taihangensis along the midrib of a leaflet of the tree of heaven.
Figure 1 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 1. Map of Türkiye showing the provinces from which leaf samples were collected from the tree of heaven in 2022 and 2023 (* indicates the site in Çanakkale Province at which the eriophyid mite, Aculus taihangensis, was collected).
Figure 7 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 7 Mean proportion of phytoseiids per leaf outside or inside the canopy (a), on the adaxial or abaxial side of the leaves (b), white or red coloured (c), and collected on fruits (d), whenE. banksi occurred or was absent. Capped bars represent ± standard error (SE). Significant differences are denoted with asterisks. Chi square contingency test:P <0.001.
Figure 1 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 1 Mean number ofE. banksi(a–d) and phytoseiid mites (e–h) per leaf or per cm2 of leaves and fruits. Capped bars represent ± standard error (SE). Bars with different letters are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank-sum test).
Figure 5 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 5 (a–d) Representation of the binomial (logit-link) generalized linear models (GLMs) showing the relationship between the proportion
Figure 3 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 3 Seasonal relative abundance of motile forms of phytoseiid species in four (2018) and six (2019) citrus orchards. Percentage of each species per sampling is represented. The summer decline
Figure 4 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 4 Variation in the spatial distribution and body coloration of phytoseiid in relation to the abundanceE. of banksi in four (2018) and six (2019) citrus orchards. Grey bars indicate the percentage of phytoseiids collected outside the canopy, on the leaf adaxial sides, fruits occupied by phytoseiids, and red phytoseiids (primary y-axis), in relation with the mean numberE of. banksi per leaf or fruit represented as a solid line (secondary, y-axis). Capped bars represent ± standard error (SE).
Figure 2 in Within-tree distribution and seasonal dynamics of Eutetranychus banksi and Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) on citrus: Implications for the biological control of the pest
Figure 2 Seasonal trends ofE. banksi and phytoseiid mites on leaves (solid line, first y-axis) and fruits (broken line, second y-axis) in four and six citrus orchards in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Mean number of mites collected per sampling unit (all the stages were pooled together). Note that first and second y-axis scales are different. Mean (solid line), maximum and minimum daily temperatures in °C (broken lines) and mean daily relative humidity (RH) were represented.
Fig. 2.- Monthly D in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Galicia (NW Spain): pest dispersion, associated parasitoids and first biological control attempts.
Fig. 2.- Monthly D. kuriphilus phenology (E: egg; L1: first-instar larvae; L2: intermediate instar larvae; L3: terminal-instar larvae; Pp: pre pupae stage; P: pupae stage; A: adult). *: punctual presence; +: sterile eggs. Sweet chestnut fruit phenology is given for orientation (§: fructification and burr development).
Fig. 1 in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control
Fig. 1. Male adults of 4 Diatraea species present in Colombia. A. D. saccharalis; B. D. indigenella; C. D. tabernella; D. D. busckella. In general, moths are difficult to distinguish, and clear species identification requires the dissection of male genitalia (photos L. A. Lastra).
Fig. 3. A in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control
Fig. 3. A. "Dead heart" in sugarcane caused by Diatraea sp. (photo M. Rodríguez), and B. bored internode by Diatraea sp. can disrupt apical dominance and promote growth of multiple lateral shoots, diverting resources from sucrose synthesis to vegetative growth (photo AE Bustillo).
Fig. 2 in Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley: current pest status, biology, and control
Fig. 2. Larvae of 4 Diatraea species present in Colombia. A. D. saccharalis; B. D. indigenella; C. D. tabernella; D. D. busckella. In general, larvae of D. saccharalis exhibit a well-sclerotized set of setal plates along their length, whereas the setal plates are ofen less distinguishable in D. indigenella due to dark, longitudinal dorsal stripes. Larvae of D. tabernella possess a distinctive set of blackish setal plates and adjacent purple spots that resemble transverse lines, which are absent in D. busckella (photos L. A. Lastra).
Urban tree pests can support biological control services in landscape shrubs
<p>Scale insects are common tree pests in urban ecosystems. Although severe scale infestations can worsen tree condition, trees can tolerate moderate scale densities. Scale insects are prey for many arthropod natural enemies that also feed on plant pests throughout urban landscapes. Because scale-infested trees support natural enemy communities, they may support biological control services on nearby plants and function analogously to banker plants in greenhouse production systems. In this study, we tested if sentinel insect prey were more likely to be removed on shrubs below scale-infested trees compared to scale-uninfested trees. We conducted several biological control experiments from 2019–2021 using fruit flies, aphids, and caterpillars in potted and planted holly shrubs below scale-infested and scale-uninfested oak trees. We found that caterpillars in potted shrubs and fruit flies in planted landscape shrubs were more likely to be removed underneath scale-infested trees compared to scale-uninfested trees. Caterpillars were also more likely to be removed from landscape <em>Ilex</em> <em>vomitoria</em> shrubs compared to <em>I</em>. <em>cornuta</em> shrubs. In all other experiments, we found no effect of scale infestation status or shrub species on prey removal. Our results suggest that scale-infested trees can support biological control services in shrubs below them but that this effect can vary depending on prey and shrub species. The natural enemy communities in urban trees and shrubs appear to be linked and tolerating tree pests can favor conservation biological control services in urban landscapes.</p>
Data from: Do biological control agents adapt to local pest genotypes? A multi-year test across geographic scales
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Urban tree pests can support biological control services in landscape shrubs
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Prior adaptation of parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests
There is increasing demand for sustainable pest management to reduce harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. For pest aphids, biological control with parasitoid wasps provides a welcome alternative, particularly in greenhouses. However, aphids are frequently infected with the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which increases resistance to parasitoids and thereby hampers biological control. Using the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and its main parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum, we tested whether prior adaptation of parasitoids can improve the control of symbiont-protected pests. We had parasitoid lines adapted to two different strains of H. defensa by experimental evolution, as well as parasitoids evolved on H. defensa-free aphids. We compared their ability to control caged aphid populations comprising 60% unprotected and 40% H. defensa-protected aphids, with both H. defensa strains present in the populations. Parasitoids that were not adapted to H. defensa had virtually no effect on aphid population dynamics compared to parasitoid-free controls, but one of the adapted lines and a mixture of both adapted lines controlled aphids successfully, strongly benefitting plant growth. Selection by parasitoids altered aphid population composition in a very specific manner. Aphid populations became dominated by H. defensa-protected aphids in the presence of parasitoids, and each adapted parasitoid line selected for the H. defensa strain it was not adapted to. This study shows, for the first time, that prior adaptation of parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests, but the high specificity of parasitoid counter-resistance may represent a challenge for its implementation.
Figure 3 in Aculus taihangensis (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae), a potential biological control agent identified from the highly invasive pest plant, tree of heaven, in Türkiye
Figure 3. Aculus taihangensis – Deutogyne: A. Coxigenital region, B. Internal genitalia.
Data for: Direct and indirect effects of management and landscape on biological pest control and crop pest infestation in apple orchards
<p>Biological pest control, relying on naturally occurring predator-prey dynamics, is considered a key element to achieve more sustainable farming systems. However, the combined effects of local management and landscape factors on communities of natural enemies as well as the cascading effects on pest infestations are rarely addressed, especially in perennial crops. Here, we used Piecewise Structural Equation Modelling (PSEM) to test direct and indirect effects of landscape composition, landscape configuration and local management practices on natural enemy communities, the pest control services they provide and ultimately on pest infestation and pest-related yield damage in apple crops. To this end, we surveyed 12 organic and 12 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) orchards during three consecutive years, and we also established a semi-natural benchmark to quantify the extent to which predator communities in the orchards were degraded. Natural enemies had a different community composition and were more abundant in organic orchards compared to IPM orchards. This had a small and positive effect on sentinel egg predation rates in organic orchards, but overall had very little impact on actual apple pest infestation. On the contrary, apple pest infestation levels were directly and positively affected by organic management practices and by increasing semi-natural habitat cover and landscape edge density. Compared to a semi-natural benchmark, both agricultural management systems showed degraded predator communities, which translated into an impaired delivery of biological control services. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that organic management and habitat conservation can enhance natural enemies and stimulate pest control, but also show that these factors can enhance pest infestations and can even lead to an overall increase in pest-related crop damage. Our study thus highlights the complex interplay of ecosystem services and disservices provided by biodiversity, which should be taken into account when advising farmers, policy makers and land managers on effective and sustainable strategies to control pest species and safeguard crop production.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.