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306 results for “bird communities”
Bird Communities in Forest Openings at Harvard Forest 2014-2015
Currently, many of the most severely declining neotropical migrants in the northeastern United States are disturbance dependent, early-successional species. Much of their decline is attributed to loss of suitable habitat. Large clearcuts (>5.0 ha) are widely considered to be optimal habitat for most shrubland bird species. However, it is well documented that certain species are capable of breeding within significantly smaller patches of habitat (less than 2.0 ha), which are most commonly created through group selection harvest cuttings. The goal of this research is to determine habitat characteristics translatable to habitat value for shrubland birds for use in conservation programs to maximize biological value. This research will provide an assessment of the value of forest openings for shrubland birds, helping to define the suitability of forest canopy openings for specific bird species. This project will describe the conservation value of shrubland openings deemed too small to sustain full suites of specialist shrubland birds by providing threshold patch area values for individual species able to use these smaller patches.
Bird and forest communities in a northern Michigan jack pine stand before and after logging, 2013-2018
This package contains data associated with documentation of breeding-season bird communities in a dry, jack pine and mixed red pine-jack pine forest in Marquette Co., MI. In addition to repeated surveys, 2014-2018, of bird presence in a network of 45 study plots, the package includes vegetation data collected on the same plots 2013-2017. At initiation of the study, the stand was >100 years old and had experienced little or no active management. During the study period, stands were thinned to reduce fire risk, and most jack pine were cut; three plots fell in a control area with no logging. Bird communities and vegetation were sampled repeatedly before and after management activities. Subsequent to the study period, a managed burn affected much of the study area.
Data from Davison et al. (2024) Changes in Danish bird communities over four decades of climate and land-use change
<p>Environmental and biodiversity data associated with the article: <br><strong>Davison, C. W., Rahbek, C., & Morueta-Holme, N. (2024) Changes in Danish bird communities over four decades of climate and land-use change. <em>Oikos. </em></strong>https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10697</p> <p>Data on local bird species richness, functional diversity, temporal and spatial turnover (beta diversity), abundance, and biomass at volunteer led survey routes across Denmark. Matched habitat data (from volunteers) and historical climate data (E-OBS). Bird observations are a subset of the Common Bird Monitoring programme (DOF – BirdLife Denmark) that include routes surveyed in the summer season, spanning ≥10 years, and with full GPS coordinates. This excel document contains all of the derived (and anomysied) data used in the final analyses and includes metadata describing the variables.</p> <p>Climate and trait data were obtained from open-access databases (see references). Metadata is included in the excel file.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Danish Common Bird Monitoring programme</strong> – Eskildsen, D. P., Vikstrøm, T., & Jørgensen, M. F. (2021). Overvågning af de almindelige fuglearter i Danmark 1975-2020. <em>Dansk Ornitologisk Forening</em>.</li> <li><strong>E-OBS European gridded climate data</strong> – Haylock, M. R., Hofstra, N., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Klok, E. J., Jones, P. D., & New, M. (2008). A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950-2006. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres</em>, <em>113</em>(20). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010201</li> <li><strong>AVONET bird traits data</strong> – Tobias, J. A., Sheard, C., Pigot, A. L., Devenish, A. J. M., Yang, J., Neate-Clegg, M. H. C., Alioravainen, N., Weeks, T. L., Barber, R. A., Walkden, P. A., MacGregor, H. E. A., Jones, S. E. I., Vincent, C., Phillips, A. G., Marples, N. M., Montaño-Centellas, F., Leandro-Silva, V., Claramunt, S., Darski, B., … Schleunning, M. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. <em>Ecology Letters</em>, <em>25</em>(3), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Bird Communities in Fragmented, Non-Native Pine Plantations in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio
Comprehensive surveys, while preferred, are not always feasible due to time, logistical, and funding constraints. However, limited surveys of focal taxa, such as birds, coupled with vegetation surveys, can provide critical information to guide land management. In the 1930s non-native conifers were planted in the Oak Openings Region of northwestern Ohio, a biodiversity hotspot. The stands are declining, and management is needed, but restoration to native habitat is time consuming and expensive. Our research utilized an avian perspective of ecological function of introduced pine plantations versus native remnants to guide management. We surveyed bird activity May through July 2020 with point-counts in nine sites (1.3-2.3 ha) with three each of white pine, red pine, and oak forest sites. At each site, we estimated bird richness, abundance, and diversity, as well as structural characteristics (e.g., canopy cover), composition (e.g., vegetation types), and landscape context (e.g., landcover). Superficially, the pine sites appear to be beneficial as pine habitat for breeding birds, with high Simpson’s indices (up to 0.89) and high species richness compared to oak sites. However, our results reveal that the pines are not truly functioning as pine habitat for birds based on the limited occurrence of pine specialist species, proportion of generalists to pine specialists, and landscape context. Simple measures of diversity with no consideration as to species identity and without the environmental context fail to provide reliable measures of ecological value. Instead, we recommend selective sampling and consideration of landscape context, vegetation structure, and species classification to guide management.
American Residential Macrosystems - Bird community data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"This dataset includes abundance of breeding bird species recorded in residential yards and nearby natural and interstitial areas (i.e.unmanaged vegetation areas in the residential/wildland interface) in six cities across the U.S. Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Phoenix, AZ. Yards were grouped in 4 categories based on fertilizer input frequency, landscaping style and their impact on hydrology: high-input lawns, low-input lawns, wildlife-certified yards and yards with low impact on hydrology (or rain gardens). Bird data was collected via standardized 10-min point counts during the breeding season in 2017 or 2018. "
Comparative Bird Community Assessments in Grassland, Shrubland, and Woodland Habitats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1991-1997 and 2022-2023)
Across North America, avifauna abundance has declined by 30% since 1970 (Rosenberg, K.V. et al. 2019). Direct mortality from anthropogenic sources (pets, cars, collisions with building, power lines, wind turbines, etc.) and indirect mortality (habitat loss, disturbance, climate change, etc.) have both been major contributors to these declines (Loss, S.R. et al. 2015 and Calvert, A.M. et al. 2013). Variables such as migration patterns, family, breeding and non-breeding biomes show differing rates of decline (Rosenberg, K.V. et al. 2019). In New Mexico, there are three breeding biomes all classified with declining avian abundance. Avian abundance in grasslands has declined by 53.3% since 1970, western forests by 29.5% and arid lands by 17.0% (Rosenberg, K.V. et al. 2019). All three of these biomes also occur at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge thus temporal declines in species richness and abundance are expected. This project was originally designed to sample the species richness and abundance of birds on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in three types of habitat: grassland, creosote shrubland and pinyon-juniper woodland. Surveys were conducted between January 1991 and May 1997 (Parmenter, R. 2016). Surveys were re-established in 2022 to document current species richness and abundance and to capture any temporal changes from the 90s data. Avian point count survey stations in grassland, creosote and pinyon-juniper habitats run through existing study sites which have all been subjected to intense research activity. Literature Cited A. M. Calvert, C. A. Bishop, R. D. Elliot, E. A. Krebs, T. M. Kydd, C. S. Machtans, G. J. Robertson, A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada. Avian Conserv. Ecol. 8, art11 (2013). https://www.ace-eco.org/vol8/iss2/art11/ Loss, S. R., Will, T., Marra, P. P. 2015. Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic causes. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 46, 99–120. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-1124
Ecological barriers mediate spatiotemporal shifts of bird communities at a continental scale
<p>### Ecological barriers mediate spatiotemporal shifts of bird communities ###</p> <p>Marjakangas, Bosco et al. 2022</p> <p>Methods explained in the publication (open access)</p> <p>--> readme file explains how to use the data and code</p>
Breeding Bird Community Surveys in the Huron Mountains, Marquette Co., Michigan (1997-1999).
Dr. Michael Kielb and collaborators conducted repeated surveys in June and July of 1997, 1998, and 1999, of breeding-bird communities along seven permanent transects in diverse habitats (old-growth forests, secondary forests, wetlands, riverine systems, etc.) within the boundaries of the Huron Mt. Club. Permanent 'listening-points' were established along each transect at intervals of ca. 200 m (7-20 points per transect), and numbers of singing birds tallied at each point. Data reported here are totals, by species, per transect. Detailed information on transect and point locations may be found in attached documents (reports to the Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation) in .pdf format. Documents also include additional ad hoc observations. This study was repeated in 2020-2021, using the same transects and sampling points, by Ryan Buron and Harrison Jones, then graduate students at University of Florida; data from this follow-up study will be archived at EDI as a separate data-package.
Figure 1 in How extensive is the effect of modern farming on bird communities in a sand dune desert?
Figure 1. Dendrogram of F- and C-transects, using group-average clustering from Bray-Curtis similarities on log-transformed bird abundances. Similarity coefficient in percent.
Data and code for: Behavioral plasticity shapes participation in a mixed-species flocking community of birds
<p>Behavioral plasticity can modulate the costs and benefits of sociality, and thus may play a prominent role in mediating competition and facilitation during social interactions in mixed-species groups. However, investigations of assembly patterns of mixed-species groups typically treat species' behavioral attributes as static rather than dynamic features that can change in social contexts. We investigate four axes of behavioral plasticity that may modulate interaction within mixed-species groups: 1) species' selective preference for joining certain groups, 2) species' ability to flexibly change their behavior in response to groupmates' behavior, and 3) shifts and/or 4) expansions of species' niche occupancy when foraging with conspecifics versus when foraging with heterospecifics. We assess variation in these axes of behavioral plasticity in an Australian mixed-species avian community. All species had selective preferences for flocks of certain strata, and some flexibly matched their flockmates' foraging strata. Three species exhibited patterns of niche shift, and one species showed niche expansion. These findings suggest that species converge in strata in mixed-species flocks despite the potential for increased competition and emphasize that species can plastically react to changes in their social environment in numerous ways. Acknowledgment of such plasticity is likely integral to understanding the nuances of heterospecific interactions.</p>
Digital repository for: Large-scale forest disturbance and associated management shape bird communities in Central European spruce forests
<p>Repository containing R-script and data to reproduce analysis and main figures on the effect of large-scale forest disturbance and associated pre- and post-disturbance management on bird communities in the Harz Mountains, Germany.</p> <p>R-script includes:</p> <ul> <li>indicator species analysis (R package indicspecies; Cáceres & Legendre, 2009)</li> <li>non-metric multidimensional scaling (R package vegan; Oksanen et al., 2016)</li> <li>rarefaction- and extrapolation of Hill numbers (R package iNEXT; Hsieh et al., 2019)</li> <li>multi-species community distance sampling (R package sp Abundance; Doser et al., 2023)</li> </ul> <p>Attached files:</p> <ul> <li><strong>bird_data_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(row data of bird species point counts per distance category)</li> <li><strong>bird_data_abundance_100_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(abundance of species per sampling site, summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>siteCovs_Graser_et_al.csv</strong> (environmental variables for each sampling point)</li> <li><strong>A_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.csv</strong> (species-site matrix of <strong>bark-beetle disturbance, unlogged </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, species number summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>B_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(species-site matrix of <strong>windthrow disturbance, unlogged </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, species number summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>C_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(species-site matrix of <strong>bark-beetle/windthrow disturbance, underplanted, unlogged </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, species number summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>D_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(species-site matrix of <strong>bark-beetle /windthrow disturbance, salvage-unlogged </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, species number summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>E_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.csv </strong>(species-site matrix of <strong>bark-beetle /windthrow disturbance, underplanted, salvage-unlogged </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong> F_species_matrix_100_new_Graser_et_al.cs</strong>v (species-site matrix of <strong>mature spruce plantation </strong>sites for rarefaction and extrapolation, species number summed up over all four sampling repeats only considering detected individuals up to 100 m around the sampling point)</li> <li><strong>msHDS_bird_data_management_model_Graser_et_al.rds</strong> (R-data set for multi-species community distance sampling of the effect of different pre- and post-disturbance management groups)</li> <li><strong>msHDS_bird_data_stand_age_model_Graser_et_al.rds </strong>(R-data set for multi-species community distance sampling of the effect of post-disturbance forest succession)</li> </ul> <p>A more detailed description of the data can be found in the README.txt document.</p> <p><span>References:</span></p> <p><span>Cáceres, M. D., & Legendre, P. (2009). </span><span>Associations between species and groups of sites: Indices and statistical inference. <em>Ecology</em>, <em>90</em>(12), 3566–3574. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1823.1</span></p> <p><span>Doser, J. W., Finley, A. O., Kéry, M., & Zipkin, E. F. (2023). spAbundance: An R package for single‐species and multi‐species spatially explicit abundance models. <em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, <em>15</em>(6), 1024–1033. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14332</span></p> <p><span>Hsieh, T. C., Ma, K. H., & Chao, A. (2019). <em>iNEXT-package: Interpolation and extrapolation for species diversity</em>. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/iNEXT/vignettes/Introduction.html</span></p> <p><span>Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., O’hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., Wagner, H., Minchin, P. R., Gavin, L., & Henry, H. (2016). Vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 1.17-4. <em>Http://CRAN. R-Project. </em></span><em><span>Org/Package=vegan</span></em><span>.</span></p> <p></p> <p></p>
Simulated treatment effects on bird communities inform landscape‐scale dry conifer forest management
<p>Human land use and climate change have increased forest density and wildfire risk in dry conifer forests of western North America, threatening various ecosystem services, including habitat for wildlife. Government policy supports active management to restore historical structure and ecological function. Information on potential contributions of restoration to wildlife habitat can allow assessment of tradeoffs with other ecological benefits when prioritizing treatments. We predicted avian responses to simulated treatments representing alternative scenarios to inform landscape‐scale forest management planning along the Colorado Front Range. We used data from the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to inform a hierarchical multispecies occupancy model relating species occupancy and richness with canopy cover at two spatial scales. We then simulated changes in canopy cover (remotely sensed in 2018) under three alternative scenarios, (1) a "fuels reduction" scenario representing landscape‐wide 30% reduction in canopy cover, (2) a "restoration" scenario representing more nuanced, spatially variable treatments targeting historical conditions, and (3) a reference, no‐change scenario. Model predictions showed areas of potential gains and losses for species richness, richness of ponderosa pine forest habitat specialists, and the ratio of specialists to generalists at two (1 km<sup>2</sup> and 250 m<sup>2</sup>) spatial scales. Under both fuels reduction and restoration scenarios, we projected greater gains than losses for species richness. Surprisingly, despite restoration more explicitly targeting ecologically relevant historical conditions, fuels reduction benefited bird species richness over a greater spatial extent than restoration, particularly in the lower montane life zone. These benefits reflected generally positive species associations with moderate canopy cover promoted more consistently under the fuels reduction scenario. In practice, contemporary forest management is likely to lie somewhere between the fuels reduction and restoration scenarios represented here. Therefore, our results inform where and how active forest management can best support avian diversity. Although our study raises questions regarding the value of including landscape‐scale heterogeneity as a management objective, we do not question the value of targeting finer-scale heterogeneity (i.e., stand and treatment level). Rather, our results combined with those from previous work clarify the scale at which targeting structural heterogeneity and historical reference conditions can promote particular ecosystem services.</p>
Fig. 2 in Population Densities And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In A Suburban Wooded Grassland In The Highveld Of Lesotho
Fig. 2. Numbers (right axis; dot or square signs) of species (A), all breeding pairs (B), and breeding pairs of selected bird species (C: Ss — Streptopelia senegalensis, Sc — Streptopelia capicola; D: RwS — Onychognathus morio, ES — Sturnus vulgaris; E — Passer griseus; F — Ploceus velatus; G — Columba guinea, H — Lanius collaris) in relation to the rainfall (columns; in mm per annum; left axis).
Fig. 1 in Possible Ways Of Development Of The Breeding Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnipro
Fig. 1. The active coastal erosion and the initial stage of formation of the sandy beach (the upper reaches of the Kakhovka Reservoir, 2012).
Fig. 3 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors
Fig. 3. The abundance (the mean number of individuals per sample) of campophilous and dendrophilous birds in groups of samples A (Clusters I–IV) and B (Clusters V–VI). N o t e. The central line represents median, the lower and upper limits of the rectangle — the first and third quartile respectively, "whiskers" — ± 1.5 of interquartile range; circles — outliers.
Fig. 1 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors
Fig. 1. The scheme of the study area. Аrenas of Low-Dnieper Sands: A — Kakhovska; B — Kozachelaherska; C — Oleshkivska; D — Chalbaska; E — Zburivska; F — Ivanivska; G — Kinburn Peninsula. N o t e. The first and the last sample of each census route are marked by numbers; the numbering of samples is the same as in table 1.
Fig. 4 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors
Fig. 4. The area ratio of different types of habitats on standard test plots in the groups of samples.
Data from: Looking for compensation at multiple scales in a wetland bird community
<p>Compensatory dynamics, during which community composition shifts despite a near-constant total community size, are usually rare: synchronous dynamics prevail in natural communities. This is a puzzle for ecologists, because of the key role of compensation in explaining the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, most studies so far have considered compensation in either plants or planktonic organisms, so that evidence for the generality of such synchrony is limited. Here, we extend analyses of community-level synchrony to wetland birds. We analyse a 35-year monthly survey of a community where we suspected that compensation might occur due to potential competition and changes in water levels, favouring birds with different habitat preferences. We perform both year-to-year analyses by season, using a compensation/synchrony index, as well as multiscale analyses using a wavelet-based measure, which allows for both scale- and time-dependence. We analyse synchrony both within and between guilds, with guilds defined either as tightknit phylogenetic groups or larger functional groups. We find that abundance and biomass compensation are rare, likely due to the synchronizing influence of climate (and other drivers) on birds, even after considering several temporal scales of covariation (during either cold or warm seasons, above or below the annual scale). Negative covariation in abundance at the guild or community level did only appear at the scale of a few months or several years. We also found that synchrony varies with taxonomic and functional scale: the rare cases where compensation appeared consistently in year-to-year analyses were between rather than within functional groups. Our results suggest that abundance compensation may have more potential to emerge between broad functional groups rather than between species, as well as at relatively long temporal scales (multiple years for vertebrates), above that of the dominant synchronizing driver.</p>
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
<p>Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the ‘acoustic adaptation hypothesis’, AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the ‘acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis’). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in south eastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH, our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations. <br> </p>
Fig. 4 in Spatial Heterogeneity Of Steppe Bird Community In The Azov-Black Sea Enclave Of The European Dry-Steppe Zone (Southern Ukraine)
Fig. 4. Distribution of steppe dominants, co-dominants and rare steppe species (Black Book of Ukraine, 2009) by subregions of the dry-steppe enclave: * the largest areas in most count squares are covered by large bodies of water (seas and their bays, limans, the Dnipro floodplain).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.