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99 results for “brain plasticity”
Data from: Turbidity drives plasticity in the eyes and brains of an African cichlid
<p>Natural variation in environmental turbidity correlates with variation in the visual sensory system of many fishes, suggesting that turbidity may act as a strong selective agent on visual systems. Since many aquatic systems experience increased turbidity due to anthropogenic perturbations, it is important to understand the degree to which fish can respond to rapid shifts in their visual environment, and whether such responses can occur within the lifetime of an individual. We examined if developmental exposure to turbidity (Clear <5 NTU, Turbid ~9 NTU) influenced the size of morphological structures associated with vision in the African cichlid <em>Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor</em>. Parental fish were collected from two sites (clear swamp, turbid river) in western Uganda. F1 broods from each population were split and reared under clear and turbid rearing treatments until maturity. We measured morphological traits associated with the visual sensory system (eye diameter, pupil diameter, axial length, brain mass, optic tectum volume) over the course of development. Age was significant in explaining variation in visual traits even when standardized for body size, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in the relative size of eyes and brains. When age groups were analyzed separately, young fish reared in turbid water grew larger eyes than fish reared in clear conditions. Population was important in the older age category, with swamp-origin fish having relatively larger eyes and optic lobes relative to river-origin fish. Plastic responses during development of fish may be important in responding to a more variable visual environment associated with anthropogenically induced turbidity.</p>
Data from: Turbidity drives plasticity in the eyes and brains of an African cichlid
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Plastic changes in the brain after human hand allotransplantation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The physiological mechanism after hand transplant was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Somatosensory and motor representations of the upper arm proximal to amputation occupied the hand area before surgery and moved back toward normal position after the surgery. The absent cortical inhibition with amputation increased gradually after surgery. The cortical plastic changes preceded functional recovery and can be used to monitor functional restoration after hand transplant.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
The evolution of plasticity in brain morphology following colonization of an ecologically divergent habitat in Trinidadian guppies
<p>Natural environments are constantly changing. To survive, organisms will either need to rapidly adapt to new conditions or colonize new habitats. Colonization has been hypothesized to select for increased plasticity as well as increased brain size, though empirical tests of these effects have proven difficult to evaluate. In particular, the degree to which plasticity of brain morphology can evolve, and its subsequent ecological consequences have rarely been explored. Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) are known for their repeated adaptation to ancestral high-predation (HP) and derived low-predation (LP) environments. We used this system to examine the evolution and plasticity of brain morphology. We exposed second-generation offspring of individuals collected from HP and LP sites to two different kinds of environmental treatments: predation cues and conspecific social environment. We found that guppies descended from a colonized LP habitat showed greater plasticity in brain morphology than descendants of their ancestral HP population, supporting the hypothesis that plasticity of brain morphology may increase fitness after colonization of a novel habitat. Additionally, we show sexual dimorphism in brain morphology plasticity. Overall, these results suggest the evolution of brain morphology plasticity as an important mechanism that allows for ecological diversification and colonization of novel habitats.</p>
Brain and Gut Plasticity in Mild TBI or Post-acute COVID Syndrome Following Growth Hormone Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03554265. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Evaluate Neural Plasticity After Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02465034. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Brain Plasticity Underlying Acquisition of New Organizational Skills in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04108273. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Move and Feel Good : Effects of Intensive Physical Training on Brain Plasticity, Cognition and Psychological Well-being.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02970825. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The evolution of plasticity in brain morphology following colonization of an ecologically divergent habitat in Trinidadian guppies
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Plastic changes in the brain after human hand allotransplantation
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Data from: Brain plasticity over the metamorphic boundary: carry-over effect of larval environment on froglet brain development
Brain development shows high plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity. However, it is unknown how environmental variation during development may affect brain architecture across life history switch points in species with complex life cycles. Previously, we showed that predation and competition affect brain development in common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. Here, we studied if larval environment had carry-over effects in brains of metamorphs. Tadpoles grown at high density had large optic tecta at metamorphosis, while tadpoles grown under predation risk had small diencephala. We found that larval density had a carry-over effect on froglet optic tectum size, while the effect of larval predation risk had vanished by metamorphosis. We discuss the possibility that the observed changes may be adaptive, reflecting the needs of an organism in given environmental and developmental contexts.
Data from: Experimental evidence for sex-specific plasticity in adult brain
Background: Plasticity in brain size and the size of different brain regions during early ontogeny is known from many vertebrate taxa, but less is known about plasticity in the brains of adults. In contrast to mammals and birds, most parts of a fish's brain continue to undergo neurogenesis throughout adulthood, making lifelong plasticity in brain size possible. We tested whether maturing adult three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) reared in a stimulus-poor environment exhibited brain plasticity in response to environmental enrichment, and whether these responses were sex-specific, thus altering the degree of sexual size dimorphism in the brain. Results: Relative sizes of total brain and bulbus olfactorius showed sex-specific responses to treatment: males developed larger brains but smaller bulbi olfactorii than females in the enriched treatment. Hence, the degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in relative brain size and the relative size of the bulbus olfactorius was found to be environment-dependent. Furthermore, the enriched treatment induced development of smaller tecta optica in both sexes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that adult fish can alter the size of their brain (or brain regions) in response to environmental stimuli, and these responses can be sex-specific. Hence, the degree of SSD in brain size can be environment-dependent, and our results hint at the possibility of a large plastic component to SSD in stickleback brains. Apart from contributing to our understanding of the processes shaping and explaining variation in brain size and the size of different brain regions in the wild, the results show that provision of structural complexity in captive environments can influence brain development. Assuming that the observed plasticity influences fish behaviour, these findings may also have relevance for fish stocking, both for economical and conservational purposes.
Evolutionary divergence in phenotypic plasticity shapes brain size variation between coexisting sunfish ecotypes
<p>Mechanisms that generate brain size variation and the consequences of such variation on ecological performance are poorly understood in most natural animal populations. We use a reciprocal-transplant common garden experiment and foraging performance trials to test for brain size plasticity and the functional consequences of brain size variation in Pumpkinseed sunfish (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>) ecotypes that have diverged between nearshore littoral and offshore pelagic lake habitats. Different age-classes of wild-caught juveniles from both habitats were exposed for six months to treatments that mimicked littoral and pelagic foraging. Plastic responses in oral jaw size suggested that treatments mimicked natural habitat-specific foraging conditions. Plastic brain size responses to foraging manipulations differed between ecotypes, as only pelagic sourced fish showed brain size plasticity. Only pelagic juveniles under 1 year-old expressed this plastic response, suggesting that plastic brain size responses decline with age and so may be irreversible. Finally, larger brain size was associated with enhanced foraging performance on live benthic but not pelagic prey, providing the first experimental evidence of a relationship between brain size and prey-specific foraging performance in fishes. The recent post-glacial origin of these ecotypes suggests that brain size plasticity can rapidly evolve and diverge in fish under contrasting ecological conditions.</p>
Understanding the Importance of Plasticity in the Brain Mechanisms of Dyspnoea Perception
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01985750. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Symptom Based Treatment Affects Brain Plasticity - Cognitive Training in Patients With Affective Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03183947. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Neuroproprioceptive "Facilitation, Inhibition" and Brain Plasticity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04355663. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
ALzheimer and MUsic THerapy: Effects of Music Lessons on Brain Plasticity, Mood, and Quality of Life in Alzheimer Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03444181. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Train the Brain With Music: Brain Plasticity and Cognitive Benefits Induced by Musical Practice in Elderly People
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03674931. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Plasticity of Deep Brain Structures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Aging
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06822283. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Plasticity of the Compassionate Brain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01833104. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.