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11 results for “breeding decisions”
Data for: Should I breed or should I go? Manipulating individual state during migration influences breeding decisions in a long-lived bird species
<p>Documentation of Carry-Over Effects (COEs), defined as effects resulting from events that occurred in a previous time period, has largely been observational and understanding of specific mechanisms underlying COEs is still lacking. To investigate this, we simulated an environmental perturbation during the spring migration of a long-lived bird species and looked at the subsequent effects on various breeding parameters. We captured female greater snow geese (<em>Anser caerulescens atlanticus</em>) on their spring staging sites and maintained individuals in captivity for up to four days before releasing them. We re-observed females 3000 km North, on their Arctic breeding grounds, to estimate their breeding propensity (i.e., probability of initiating a reproductive event for a given year), and measure their arrival date, laying date, clutch size, and nesting success. Only proxies of breeding propensity were affected by our manipulation, which decreased as the time spent in captivity increased. However, females were able to overcome the effects of captivity in two out of the three years of experimentation with normal or good environmental conditions at the breeding site. When facing the additional challenge of poor environmental conditions, many individuals manipulated during migration apparently curtailed their reproductive effort by skipping breeding. This experiment is the first to show that breeding propensity is an important parameter affected by COEs resulting from stressful events prior to reproduction in long-lived species.</p>
Does social information affect the settlement decisions of resident birds in their second breeding attempt? A case study of the Japanese tit (Parus minor)
<p>Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness. Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest site. The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat. Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season. However, few studies have focused on how multiple-brooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts. In this study, we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese tit (<em>Parus</em> <em>minor</em>) can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt. Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests, first-breeding successful conspecific nests, and fewer first-breeding failed conspecific nests than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied (the control group). However, the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests, successful heterospecific nests, and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes. Furthermore, the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more first-breeding successful conspecific nests than those without successful breeding experience. Thus, we suggest that conspecifics' but not heterospecifics' social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese tits during second breeding attempts.</p>
Data for: Should I breed or should I go? Manipulating individual state during migration influences breeding decisions in a long-lived bird species
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Does social information affect the settlement decisions of resident birds in their second breeding attempt? A case study of the Japanese tit (Parus minor)
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Information collected during the post-breeding season guides future breeding decisions in a migratory bird
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Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure and helping decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird
In animal societies, characteristic demographic and dispersal patterns may lead to genetic structuring of populations, generating the potential for kin selection to operate. However, even in genetically structured populations, social interactions may still require kin discrimination for cooperative behaviour to be directed towards relatives. Here, we use molecular genetics and long-term field data to investigate genetic structure in an adult population of long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, a cooperative breeder in which helping occurs within extended kin networks, and relate this to patterns of helping with respect to kinship. Spatial autocorrelation analyses reveal fine-scale genetic structure within our population, such that related adults of either sex are spatially clustered following natal dispersal, with relatedness among nearby males higher than that among nearby females, as predicted by observations of male-biased philopatry. This kin structure creates opportunities for failed breeders to gain indirect fitness benefits via redirected helping, but crucially, most close neighbours of failed breeders are unrelated and help is directed towards relatives more often than expected by indiscriminate helping. These findings are consistent with the effective kin discrimination mechanism known to exist in long-tailed tits, and support models identifying kin selection as the driver of cooperation.
The mere presence of cuckoos in breeding area alters egg-ejection decisions in Daurian redstarts
<p><span>Brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts serve as model systems for studying host-parasite coevolution. Egg-rejection behavior constitutes an effective defense against brood parasitism, but some host species show phenotypic plasticity in egg-rejection </span><span>behavior</span><span>. Direct exposure to a cuckoo near the nest can increase egg-rejection likelihood, and long-term studies have shown that increased the egg-rejection rates generally correlate with higher parasite prevalence. However, it remains unclear whether such increases result from interactions between parasites and hosts, as these can be surprisingly common, or whether the mere presence of cuckoos in the breeding area is sufficient. Daurian redstarts </span><em><span>Phoenicurus</span><span> auroreus</span></em><span> are a common host of the common cuckoo <em>Cuculus canorus</em> that defend against cuckoo parasitism mainly by ejecting the parasitic egg from the nest. This species is unique, as its first breeding attempt of the year takes place before the arrival of cuckoos, excluding the possibility for direct interactions. We simulated the ambient presence of cuckoos or hoopoes <em>Upupa epops</em> (control) in sub-populations of redstarts during their first egg-laying period </span><span>by presenting taxidermic models and playing back vocalizations</span><span>. Redstarts in cuckoo-treated plots showed significantly higher egg-ejection rates than individuals in control plots, even though females in both groups were equally likely to recognize the parasitic egg. Among females that did recognize the parasitic egg, those exposed to the cuckoo treatment were more likely to eject it than those exposed to the control treatment. Our results demonstrate unequivocally that the mere presence of cuckoos in the environment is sufficient to provoke egg-ejection behavior.</span></p>
Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision-making network in a cooperatively breeding fish
The early social environment an animal experiences may have pervasive effects on its behaviour. The Social Decision-Making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected brain nuclei from the forebrain and midbrain, is involved in the regulation of behaviours during social interactions. In species with advanced sociality such as cooperative breeders, offspring are exposed to a large number and a great diversity of social interactions every day of their early life, which may have life-long consequences on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN, although these effects are largely unknown. We studied these life-long effects in a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, focusing on the expression in the SDMN of genes involved in the monoaminergic and stress response systems. N. pulcher fry were raised until an age of two months either with their parents, subordinate helpers and same clutch siblings (+F), or with same clutch siblings only (-F). Analysis of the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralcorticoid receptors (MR), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), dopamine receptors 1 and 2, serotonin transporter (SERT) and DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) genes showed that early social experiences altered the neurogenomic state of the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. The dopamine receptor 1 gene was up-regulated in the POA of -F fish, compared to +F fish. -F fish also showed up-regulation of GR1 expression in the dorsal medial telencephalon (homologous to the basolateral amygdala). Our results suggest that early social environment has life-long effects on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN. --
Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure and helping decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird
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Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision-making network in a cooperatively breeding fish
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The mere presence of cuckoos in breeding area alters egg-ejection decisions in Daurian redstarts
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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