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59 results for “brook trout”
Density-dependent effects of exotic brook trout on aquatic communities in mountain lakes revealed by environmental DNA and morphological taxonomy
Invasion of non-native fishes threatens freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Yet, detailed estimates of population demography for invasive species, that estimate population size and body size of the invasive species, are rarely integrated in evaluating aquatic community responses. Our study capitalized on detailed brook trout population demographic data collected for a replicated whole lake ecosystem experiment involving experimental harvesting of exotic brook trout in nine mountain lakes. We applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and morphological taxonomy to examine the response of crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities to gradients in brook trout effective density and lake elevation. Density-dependent effects of brook trout on crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities were detected even decades after their first introductions (between 1926 and 1980). However, they were moderated by environmental factors such as elevation, lake maximum depth and dissolved organic carbon. Elevation was important in structuring crustacean zooplankton and macroinvertebrate community composition. While there were differences in explanatory variables when describing communities characterized by eDNA metabarcoding and morphological taxonomy, the principal environmental factors that structured the communities were similar. Our paper highlights persisting density-dependent impacts of exotic trout on invertebrate communities even decades after first introduction, and it considers the conservation implications for lake restoration.
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) cyt b qPCR data from Hidden Lake (Banff National Park, Canada) over two rotenone applications between 2018 and 2020.
Water samples were taken in Hidden Lake at five different time points around two rotenone applications: (i) five weeks prior to the first rotenone application, on July 12 2018; (ii) approximately three weeks after the first application of rotenone, on 7 September 2018; (iii) approximately 10 months after the first rotenone application, on 10 July 2019; and (iv) one year after the final rotenone treatment, on 19 August 2020. For each time point, four pelagic and four littoral water samples were taken from Hidden Lake, as well as 8 to 13 water samples from Hidden Creek and Coral Creek for a total of 16 to 21 samples per time point. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was used to produce brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) cytochrome b copy number for each sample. The objective of this study was use eDNA to assess the efficacy of invasive brook trout removal using rotenone.
Figure 4 in The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago: a review
Figure 4. – Ecotypic diversity of brook trout populations in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. A: Life cycle of anadromous and resident freshwater brook trout in the coastal ponds and streams of the archipelago. B: Life cycle of migratory and resident freshwater brook trout in the Mirande system. Green (A) and white (B) arrows show movements in the marine environment (A) or the Grand Étang de Mirande (B). The blue arrows (light and dark) correspond to movements in the rivers/ponds (A) or tributaries of the Mirande (B).
Figure 5 in The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago: a review
Figure 5. – Locations of the three hydrographic systems used for the aquaculture project initiated by the Association de Recherche pour le Développement de l'Aquaculture (ARDA) and the Institut Scientifique et Technique des Pêches Maritimes (ISTPM) at the end of the 1980s in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.
Figure 3 in The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago: a review
Figure 3. – Ecotypic diversity of brook trout populations in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon; two individuals fished in the Mère Durand River (see location in Fig. 1B). Above: anadromous ecotype; Below: resident ecotype (©: Edgard Gustave).
Trout of Hokkaido data (Rainbow, Brown, Brook, and Sockeye)
<p>This is a data set of 928 presents points (and 3 NA locations) for invasive trout species across Hokkaido for the masters thesis "<strong>Perception of fishermen towards invasive salmonids in Hokkaido and the contribution of citizen science to their long-term monitoring</strong>". It is comprised of Scientific studies, gray literature, YouTube videos, social media sites, blogs, word of mouth, email, and iNaturalist data. Please feel free to use this data for research on these species.</p> <p>Columns are broken up into 10 parts.</p> <p>-------------------------------Columns are--------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Hits</strong>: Hits on the map one per site.</p> <p><strong>Paper/source</strong>: where the study or citizen data came from. (Please feel free to check out the blogs as they update with new data often) The key as follows</p> <p> FLK = Fliker / IG = Instagram / TW = Twitter / WEB = website / YTV = youtube</p> <p><strong>Contributor</strong>: then Name of the citizen sciences contributor. Blogs, Twitter names, Instagram names, Youtube channel names, etc... </p> <p><strong>Xcoord</strong>: the X coordinate</p> <p><strong>Ycoord</strong>: the y coordinate</p> <p><strong>Specie</strong>: one of 4 species denoted as its scientific name</p> <p><strong>Start Date</strong>: When the study or post started collecting data</p> <p><strong>End Date</strong>: When the study or post ended collecting data</p> <p><strong>Science / Citizen</strong>: denotes where the data came from.</p> <p> Broken up into a few groups,</p> <p> <strong>Science</strong>: from scientific source and grey litterture</p> <p> *Science (old) : data was used as a base line for the study</p> <p> <strong>Active</strong>: Citizen data that has been reported during the study period of the study</p> <p> Please go the the iNaturalist link to get that data. </p> <p> <strong> Passive</strong>: Citizen data that came from lots of different places.</p> <p> *Passive(site) : places that are mapped as fishing spots per speceis by fishing shops and tours</p> <p><strong>Number per hit</strong>: reported or counted species per hit point on the map (accuracy is not 100% ensured) </p> <p>Notes-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>River points should be close to actual points caught but lake points should not be used for precise data as much of it was not precisely listed and so guess work on location took place.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Population niche width is driven by within-individual niche expansion and individual specialization in introduced brook trout in mountain lakes
<p><span>The width of a population's resource use niche is determined by individual diet breadth ("within-individual component") and the degree of niche partitioning between individuals ("between-individual component"). The balance between these two factors affects ecological stability and evolutionary trajectories, and may shift as ecological opportunity permits broader population niches. Lakes in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains vary in resource diversity for introduced brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>) due to elevation, lake morphometry, and watershed features. We compared the relative contributions of within- and between-individual niche components to two measures of the dietary niches of thirteen populations of brook trout: prey taxonomic composition and prey size distribution. For both taxonomic and size diversity of fish diets, population niche width was positively related to both the within- and between-individual components. For taxonomic diversity, the two components increased in parallel, while for size diversity, the between-individual component became more important relative to the within-individual component in populations with the greatest niche widths. Our results support the Niche Variation Hypothesis that populations with broader niches are more heterogeneous among individuals and show that individual niche width and individual specialization can operate in parallel to expand the population niche.</span></p>
Data from: Alternative forms of brook trout nest site selection alter modeled offspring thermal experience and emergence phenology in groundwater-influenced streambeds
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Riverscape genetics of non-native Brook Trout to inform native Cutthroat Trout conservation
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Data for: Population niche width is driven by within-individual niche expansion and individual specialization in introduced brook trout in mountain lakes
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Data from: Limited hatchery introgression into wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations despite reoccurring stocking
Due to increased anthropogenic pressures on many fish populations, supplementing wild populations with captive-raised individuals has become an increasingly common management practice. Stocking programs can be controversial due to uncertainty about the long-term fitness effects of genetic introgression on wild populations. In particular, introgression between hatchery and wild individuals can cause declines in wild population fitness, resiliency, and adaptive potential, and contribute to local population extirpation. However, low survival and fitness of captive-raised individuals can minimize the long-term genetic consequences of stocking in wild populations, and to date the prevalence of introgression in actively stocked ecosystems has not been rigorously evaluated. We quantified the extent of introgression in 30 populations of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Pennsylvania watershed, and examined the correlation between introgression and 11 environmental covariates. Genetic assignment tests were used to determine the origin (wild vs. captive-raised) for 1742 wild-caught and 300 hatchery brook trout. To avoid assignment biases, individuals were assigned to two simulated populations that represented the average allele frequencies in wild and hatchery groups. Fish with intermediate probabilities of wild ancestry were classified as introgressed, with threshold values determined through simulation. Even with reoccurring stocking at most sites, over 93% of wild-caught individuals probabilistically assigned to wild origin, and only 6% of wild-caught fish assigned to introgressed. Models examining environmental drivers of introgression explained less than 3% of the among-population variability, and all estimated effects were highly uncertain. This was not surprising given overall low introgression observed in this study. Our results suggest that introgression of hatchery-derived genotypes can occur at low rates, even in actively stocked ecosystems and across a range of habitats. However, a cautious approach to stocking may still be warranted, as the potential effects of stocking on wild population fitness and the mechanisms limiting introgression are not known.
Data from: Population genomic analysis of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Pennsylvania's Appalachian region
Informed conservation of stream fishes requires detailed understanding of the effects of both natural processes and anthropogenic activities on genetic diversity. Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, a salmonid native to eastern North America, typically resides in cold, high-quality stream ecosystems. The species has not only faced historical anthropogenic pressures, but also confronts current and future pressures. In a genetic analysis we used a reduced representation sequencing method (ddRADseq) to characterize 63 individuals from 23 streams where Brook Trout are native in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania. A total of 2,590 loci passed filtering criteria, and 53% displayed significant association with a major stream drainage basin (Susquehanna or Allegheny; mean FST = 0.085). Mapping of the sequencing reads to the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar genome revealed no clustering of high interdrainage FST values to specific genome regions. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity within each drainage basin was also detected. Stepwise regression of observed heterozygosity against geographic and environmental features revealed that drainage basin and effective area of watersheds were significant predictors of observed heterozygosity of Brook Trout within streams. Natural features such as waterfalls and major drainage basin, as well as the effects of dams and acid-mine drainage have fragmented habitat and shaped genetic diversity within Brook Trout populations in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania, overall indicating the vulnerability of this species to increased industrialization.
Multiple decades of stocking has resulted in limited hatchery introgression in wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations of Nova Scotia
<p>Many populations of freshwater fishes are threatened with losses, and increasingly, the release of hatchery individuals is one strategy being implemented to support wild populations. However, stocking of hatchery individuals may pose long-term threats to wild populations, particularly if genetic interactions occur between wild and hatchery individuals. One highly prized sport fish that has been heavily stocked throughout its range is the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In Nova Scotia, Canada, hatchery brook trout have been stocked since the early 1900s, and despite continued stocking efforts, populations have suffered declines in recent decades. Before this study, the genetic structure of brook trout populations in the province was unknown; however, given the potential negative consequences associated with hatchery stocking, it is possible that hatchery programs have adversely affected the genetic integrity of wild populations. To assess the influence of hatchery supplementation on wild populations, we genotyped wild brook trout from 12 river systems and hatchery brook trout from two major hatcheries using 100 microsatellite loci. Genetic analyses of wild trout revealed extensive population genetic structure among and within river systems and significant isolation-by-distance. Hatchery stocks were genetically distinct from wild populations, and most populations showed limited to no evidence of hatchery introgression (<5% hatchery ancestry). Only a single location had a substantial number of hatchery-derived trout and was located in the only river where a local strain is used for supplementation. The amount of hatchery stocking within a watershed did not influence the level of hatchery introgression. Neutral genetic structure of wild populations was influenced by geography with some influence of climate and stocking indices. Overall, our study suggests that long-term stocking has not significantly affected the genetic integrity of wild trout populations, highlighting the variable outcomes of stocking and the need to evaluate the consequences on a case-by-case basis</p>
Data for: Climate warming and projected loss of thermal habitat volume in lake populations of brook trout
<p>We applied an ensemble of climate warming models and the seasonal temperature profile model for lakes (STM) to assess changes in brook trout thermal habitat volume (THV) among lakes (N=100) within a large, protected area under two climate warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Brook trout thermal habitat was defined as 9-17°C. Climate warming projections for the balance of this century, regardless of RCP category, will result in the loss of brook trout habitat in lakes that range widely in size. THV loss will be most extensive in lakes that are relatively shallow given their surface area. By 2071-2100 under RCP 4.5, the 90<sup>th</sup> percentile of THV loss = 31% vs. 63% under RCP 8.5. By the century's end under RCP 8.5, the protected area landscape will be a matrix of lakes with some serving as climate refugia (with reduced THV) and others having severe reductions in THV (>90<sup>th</sup> percentile THV loss).</p>
Brook trout occupancy in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, Ontario
<p>The Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry compiled brook trout presence and absence data for rivers and streams within the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone of Ontario. Data from hundreds of electrofished sites were grouped into two time periods, past (1970-1980) and recent (2000-2010), to quantify the change in brook trout occupancy in streams of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone in Ontario at different spatial scales. The data include information for five spatial scales: 1) tertiary watersheds; 2) quaternary watersheds; 3) the well-sampled Credit River-Sixteen Mile Creek tertiary watershed; and, 4) sites within 50 m of each other were sampled in both the past (1970-1980) and recent (2000-2010) periods, and 5) at each spatial scale brook trout occupancy along the longitudinal axes of the rivers was assessed using Strahler stream order. This data set will be cited in a manuscript that quantifies the declines in brook trout occupancy in rivers and streams of southern Ontario.</p>
Genotypic data from: Lab-based evaluation of the reproductive performance of trojan (MYY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
<p>Evaluating the efficacy of the use of trojan male brook trout with two Y chromosomes (M<sub>YY</sub>) requires a better understanding of reproductive performance. We measured the reproductive performance of hatchery age-0 and age-1 M<sub>YY</sub> brook trout compared to hatchery XY males using laboratory crosses. Offspring of XY males had higher survival than offspring of age-1 M<sub>YY</sub> one day post-fertilization but not offspring of age-0 M<sub>YY</sub>. We found no detectable differences in survival from eyed-egg to the juvenile-fry stage. However, size-at-age differed, where offspring of age-0 M<sub>YY</sub> were 3.6% smaller in length and 25.2% smaller in weight than those of XY males. For crosses fertilized by both M<sub>YY</sub> and XY males, we found that a significantly higher proportion of offspring within families were sired by M<sub>YY </sub>versus XY males. These results show, under controlled conditions, evidence for possible fitness advantage for M<sub>YY</sub> under sperm competition, but a possible fitness disadvantage associated with early growth of their offspring. Overall, our results hold promise for the use of M<sub>YY</sub> brook trout to serve as an effective eradication tool. </p>
Data and code from: Thermal niche and habitat use by co-occurring lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and brook trout (S. fontinalis) in stratified lakes
<p>Realized thermal niche and habitat use are two conceptualizations of fish habitat based on organismal performance or lake-specific ecology, respectively. Both habitat types were compared for lake trout (<em>Salvelinus</em> <em>namaycush</em>) and brook trout (<em>S</em>. <em>fontinalis</em>) co-occurring in four large (> 500 ha) oligotrophic lakes. Lakes were partitioned into two morphological categories based on possession of a central or non-central deep basin with corresponding differences in adjoining shelf areas. Lake asymmetry in basin location has been shown to strongly influence food web connections based on isolation of basins from shelf areas.</p> <p>Generally, overlap between both habitat types occurred in several comparisons with lake trout, suggesting that thermal habitat is a reasonable proxy for habitat use boundaries though not a full replacement for insights gained from habitat use models.</p> <p>For brook trout, overlap was not as consistent, especially for lakes with non-central basins. In central basin lakes, there were closer proximity between the two species and overlap in both thermal niche and habitat use models. There was very limited overlap of either habitat type in lakes with non-central basins. Further, there were no shared areas of interspecific overlap between thermal niche and habitat use in non-central basins pointing to additional complexity governing habitat partitioning between lake trout and brook trout in these types of lakes. The shelf area effect on spatial structure of habitat, and likely food web connections, can occur in lakes regardless of basin centrality so long as shelf areas are large. In this lake set, lakes were sufficiently large to observe this phenomenon.</p>
Sources of coaster brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) revealed by genomic analysis of brook trout populations along Minnesota's shoreline with Lake Superior
<p>Knowledge of population-level relationships and how these relationships pertain to different life history forms is critical to developing effective management plans for native trout, char, and salmon. In the Lake Superior basin, identifying effective restoration strategies for coaster brook trout (<em>Salvelinus</em> <em>fontinalis</em>), a lake-inhabiting form of brook trout, is hampered by limited information on genetic connectivity and source-sink dynamics among brook trout populations. Here, we infer these relationships by surveying 8,178 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 234 brook trout from seven rivers along the Minnesota shoreline with Lake Superior, including from reaches above and below natural waterfalls that prevent upstream movement. We identified well-differentiated above-barrier populations that supply brook trout to below-barrier reaches. We also compared within-river brook trout to 26 coaster brook trout from Lake Superior. We identified at least four source populations for these coaster brook trout, three of which were located within rivers. Additionally, we estimated N<sub>E</sub> for within-river populations and detected a decline across recent generations, with the most recent estimates approaching critical thresholds. Finally, comparisons with 94 domestic brook trout representing nine hatchery strains revealed a lack of domestic introgression into wild populations, demonstrating the importance of natural reproduction to population persistence. Our results offer novel insights into sources of coaster brook trout and highlight the role of within-river populations in supporting the coaster life history. Management efforts focused on instream restoration may be more important to rehabilitating coaster brook trout than previously thought, and are urgently needed given the population-level conservation status reported here.</p>
SNP dataset for cape race brook trout
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Data from: No trout about it: Behavioural and transcriptional effects of long-term noise exposure in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
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