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141 results for “calving”
Calving Front Dataset for Marine-Terminating Glaciers in Svalbard 1985-2023
<p>Svalbard has experienced increased climate variability as a result of global warming, leading to significant mass loss in its marine-terminating glaciers over recent decades. Nevertheless, the mechanisms driving this mass loss remain less understood, primarily due to a limited understanding of calving dynamics. Here we present a new high-resolution calving front dataset of 149 marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard, comprising 124919 glacier calving front positions during the period of 1985-2023. This dataset was generated using a novel automated deep learning framework and multiple optical and SAR satellite images from Landsat, Terra-ASTER, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1 satellite missions.</p> <p>The information regarding the glacier calving front terminal traces, glacier centrelines, glacier domains, fjord masks and the along-centreline glacier calving front change time series is consolidated into a single Geopackage file named "Svalbard_Calving_Front_Product.gpkg." The specific file structure for this data file is detailed in Table 1, and the feature attribute table for the different data layers recorded in this data file can be found in Table 2.</p> <p>Furthermore, we have included spatial distribution map plots of the glacier calving front traces and line plots depicting the time series of calving front changes for each individual glacier. These plots are provided in .PNG file format and can be accessed within the Figures folder.</p> <p>Table 1. The layer structure of the Svalbard calving front data product.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Layer Name</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Details</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>traces</p> </td> <td> <p>Line geometries recording the terminal traces of all the glaciers (EPSG:3995).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>centrelines</p> </td> <td> <p>Line geometries recording the glacier centrelines used in calving front change estimation (EPSG:3995).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>domains</p> </td> <td> <p>Polygon geometries recording the glacier domains (EPSG:3995).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>fjord_masks</p> </td> <td> <p>Polygon geometries recording the fjord masks (EPSG:3995).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>front_change_time_series</p> </td> <td> <p>Point geometries recording the along-centreline glacier calving front change time series (EPSG:4326).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Table 2. The feature attribute table of the data layer.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Data Field</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Glacier</p> </td> <td> <p>The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) version 6 (RGI Consortium, 2017) glacier id.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Sensor</p> </td> <td> <p>The satellite platform used in mapping glacier calving front, including “Landsat”, “Terra-ASTER”, “Sentinel2” and “Sentinel1”.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>ImageId</p> </td> <td> <p>The image id of the satellite image used in mapping the glacier calving front.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>DateString</p> </td> <td> <p>The datetime string of the satellite image in the format of “YYYYMMDD”.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>CFL_Change</p> </td> <td> <p>The calving front location (CFL) changes in meters along the glacier centreline in relation to the earliest calving front location in the time series.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>glacier_lat</p> </td> <td> <p>The latitude of the glacier location (WGS84 coordinate system).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>glacier_lon</p> </td> <td> <p>The longitude of the glacier location (WGS84 coordinate system).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
A diet containing mango peel silage impacts upon feed intake, energy supply and growth performances of dairy male calves
<p>The major challenges for disposal of waste from fruit processing factories are high transportation costs, limited landfill availability and environmental pollution. Therefore, developing efficient waste management techniques to reduce transportation costs and environment pollution is important. Mango peels (MP) are abundant during the mango season and high in fermentable carbohydrate, which can easily breakdown and pollute the environment if a proper waste management method is not implemented. Thus, in this study, fresh MP were ensiled after sun-dried for one day and then fed to dairy male calves as the roughage source to evaluate its effect on feed intake, digestibility, energy balance, body weight gain, feed efficiency and blood metabolites. Eight growing crossbred dairy male calves (Holstein Friesians × Zebu) were allocated into two groups [Control (n = 4) and mango peel silage (MPS, n = 4)]. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks and daily feed offered and refusal were recorded to determine the daily feed intake. Digestion trial was performed at the last five days of experiment. Body weight and measurement were recorded every two weeks interval to determine the weight gain and body physical improvement. Blood was collected at the end of experiment to analyze the serum biochemical parameters. Ensiling improved the energy and protein contents and decreased fibre content of MP, thereby improving the forage quality. Feeding MPS to calves increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) feed intake, energy supply and energy balance, changes in body measurements, weight gain, feed efficiency, and glucose concentration, as well as lowered (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the urea nitrogen concentration. Ensiling fresh MP after sun-drying for one day improved silage quality, and feeding MPS to dairy male calves as a roughage source improved feed intake, energy supply and growth performances. Therefore, ensiling fresh MP could improve the feed supply for ruminant production and be an effective waste management strategy for fruit processing businesses. </p>
Phenotypes of beef-on-dairy calves
<p><strong>Phenotypes from three different cattle F1 crossbreds obtained during three fattening trials. </strong></p> <p>calfID: individual calf ID</p> <p>dnaID: individual calf ID of genomic data</p> <p>Trial: fattening trial</p> <p>RatLot: treatment</p> <p>Breed: breed of sire, Angus (AAN), Limousin (LIM), Simmental (SIM); breed of dam is always Brown Swiss</p> <p>Sex: bull (B), heifer (H), steer (S)</p>
Calving flux estimated from tsunami waves
<p>The following geophysical field data in July 2015 and July 2016 at Bowdoin Glacier in northwest Greenland is provided in this dataset: </p> <p>(1) Tsunami wave data: Low-pass filtered tsunami waves record in July 2015 and July 2016. The unit is meter. Local time.</p> <p>(2) UAV ortho-images and DEMs: Tiff format ortho-images and DEMs. Coordinates are in UTM19 north / WGS84.</p> <p>(3) Ice surface speed observed by GPS station near the glacier front. Coordinates are WGS 84. UTC time.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset and Code: Pain and sickness behavior associated with corneal lesions in dairy calves
<p>This is the dataset and code for the analysis of sickness behaviors in calves within corneal lesions (IBK or pinkeye). </p>
Data from: The biogeochemical boomerang: Site fidelity creates nutritional hotspots that may promote recurrent calving site reuse
<p>Animals interact with nutrient cycles by consuming and depositing nutrients, interactions that are studied in the separate fields of nutritional ecology and zoogeochemistry. Recent theoretical work has begun bridging these disciplines, highlighting that animal-driven nutrient recycling could be crucial in helping animals meet nutritional needs. When animals exhibit site fidelity, they consistently deposit nutrients, potentially improving vegetation quality. We investigated this potential feedback by analyzing changes in forage nitrogen stocks following simulated caribou calving. We found that forage nitrogen stocks increased after two weeks and remained elevated after one year, a change due to an increase in forage quality but not quantity. We thus highlight a positive zoogeochemical feedback whereby caribou deposit nutrients during calving that become bioavailable during lactation and provide evidence that site fidelity creates a biogeochemical boomerang in which animals deposit nutrients that can be reused at a later time.</p>
Figure 7 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 7. The remains of a humpback whale juvenile (length estimate 8–9 m), <60 h after it was last seen intact (and probably still alive) at the surface; it was apparently killed and then eaten by sharks during 20–22 May 2014, off Coral Bay, WA. Photo: Migration Media.
Figure 3. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 3. A mother humpback and her calf at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Although the killer whales broke off the attack when the pair moved into shallow reef waters, the damage to the calf's lower jaw during the attack would likely prove fatal (#11). Photo: J. Totterdell.
Figure 1 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 1. Location of our study area off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, showing locations and outcomes of interactions between humpback whales and killer whales. Inset in upper right shows area where our survey effort was concentrated in 2013 (see Methods).
Figure 4. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 4. A humpback mother lifts her calf out of the water on her back shortly before it was killed by attacking killer whales (#9). The killer whale on the far left is carrying the carcass of another humpback calf taken several minutes earlier (#8). Photo: S. Wenngren.
Figure 2 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 2. Movements of a satellite-tagged killer whale that we tracked for 22 d in July/ August 2013 off Western Australia. The track was estimated by fitting a continuous-time correlated random walk model (Johnson et al. 2008) to 452 locations calculated by the Argos satellite system (http://www.argos-system.org) to estimate locations and velocities at hourly intervals. Colored circles represent the estimated displacement velocity for each predicted location (speed in km/h; green is slower, red is faster), with speed classified into one of four velocity intervals, determined by the Jenks algorithm for natural breaks (Jenks 1967).
Fig. 2. Post mortem examination. Post mortem examination for typical calves showing signs associated with Theileria infection. A in Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva
Fig. 2. Post mortem examination. Post mortem examination for typical calves showing signs associated with Theileria infection. A: Copious frothy exudate from nasal cavities of BJ031 and BJ037. B: Pleural exudate in thoracic cavities of BJ033 and BJ041. C: Frothing in trachea of BJ026 and BJ033.
Fig. 4 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 4. Parsimony analysis of the combined nuclear and mitochondrial genes yielded four equally parsimonious trees (CI 0.93). Strict consensus supported monophyly of B. transfuga and identity of the L3 recovered from moose.
Fig. 3 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses establishing identity of Baylisascaris transfuga in moose calves. Branch support indicated by parsimony bootstrap above and Bayesian posterior probability below. Fig 3A. Parsimony analysis of the 12S rDNA sequences showing strict consensus of 2 equally parsimonious trees. Fig 3B. Parsimony analysis showing strict consensus of the cox2 sequences which yielded four equally parsimonious trees (CI 0.86). Fig 3C. Parsimony analysis of the 28S rDNA sequences yielded one most parsimonious tree of length (CI 0.97). Fig. 3D. Parsimony analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences yielded one most parsimonious tree of length (CI 0.97).
Fig. 1 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 1. Third stage larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in histological sections of brain of female moose calf (USNPC 108284/Alaska Department of Fish and Game OMC ID Tag 56 Alaska V-11-201); scale = 50 μm. Fig. 1. Brain tissue with L3's in transverse sections. Note prominent lateral alae, coelomyarian polymyarian musculature and morphology consistent with Baylisascaris; maximum diameter of L3, 85 μm.
Fig. 2 in Transuterine infection by Baylisascaris transfuga: Neurological migration and fatal debilitation in sibling moose calves (Alces alces gigas) from Alaska
Fig. 2. Third stage larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in histological sections of brain of female moose calf (USNPC 108284/Alaska Department of Fish and Game OMC ID Tag 56 Alaska V-11-201); scale = 50 μm. Fig. 2. Third stage larva in longitudinal section, view of cephalic region in brain tissue.
Tsunamis due to ice masses: Different calving mechanisms and linkage to landslide-tsunamis - Dataset
<p>Land ice melt and retreat is one of the most visible effects of climate change and contributes ≈1.5 mm/year to global sea-level rise (SLR) of a total of ≈2.7 mm/year. Global warming results in the shrinking of ice masses in most ice covered regions in the World, particularly in the Alps and in Greenland and the Greenlandic mass loss is estimated at –269 ±51 Gt/year. A significant part of this mass loss is through the detachment of icebergs at glacier fronts in a mechanism called iceberg calving. Such iceberg impacting into a water body generate tsunamis, such called "iceberg-tsunamis". Such an iceberg-tsunami reached a height of 50 m at the Eqip Sermia outlet glacier in 2014. These tsunamis pose a considerable hazard for the local community, the fishing industry and the increasing number of tourists in ice covered areas. Several iceberg calving mechanisms have been proposed including fall, over-turning and capsizing. Reliable guidance on the upper limit of iceberg-tsunami heights are currently unavailable. A main reason for this limited understanding is that reliable field data are rare, such that laboratory tests complemented with numerical simulations are important to advance this research field. This was the aim of this HYDRALAB+ funded study. The wave features (height, length, velocity) caused by icebergs in function of the iceberg calving mechanisms (fall, over-turning, capsizing), as well as the mass volume and kinematics, were modelled in unique large-scale experiments. This minimised both scale effects and wave reflection. The attached files and folders include information about and data from these experiments.</p>
Tsunamis due to ice masses: Different calving mechanisms and linkage to landslide-tsunamis - Data storage report
<p>Land ice melt and retreat is one of the most visible effects of climate change and contributes ≈1.5 mm/year to global sea-level rise (SLR) of a total of ≈2.7 mm/year. Global warming results in the shrinking of ice masses in most ice covered regions in the World, particularly in the Alps and in Greenland and the Greenlandic mass loss is estimated at –269 ±51 Gt/year. A significant part of this mass loss is through the detachment of icebergs at glacier fronts in a mechanism called iceberg calving. Such iceberg impacting into a water body generate tsunamis, such called "iceberg-tsunamis". Such an iceberg-tsunami reached a height of 50 m at the Eqip Sermia outlet glacier in 2014. These tsunamis pose a considerable hazard for the local community, the fishing industry and the increasing number of tourists in ice covered areas. Several iceberg calving mechanisms have been proposed including fall, over-turning and capsizing. Reliable guidance on the upper limit of iceberg-tsunami heights are currently unavailable. A main reason for this limited understanding is that reliable field data are rare, such that laboratory tests complemented with numerical simulations are important to advance this research field. This was the aim of this HYDRALAB+ funded study. The wave features (height, length, velocity) caused by icebergs in function of the iceberg calving mechanisms (fall, over-turning, capsizing), as well as the mass volume and kinematics, were modelled in unique large-scale experiments. This minimised both scale effects and wave reflection. The attached file is an HYDRALAB+ standard Data Storage Report about these experiments.</p>
Fig. 3 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves
Fig. 3. Visualization of fat reserves in the bone marrow of femur (row 1), knee joint (row 2), vertebral canal (row 3), orbital cavity (row 4), and heart surface (row 5). The three categories used are illustrated from left to right: clearly visible white and stiff fat (+); low amounts of visible fat with a soft consistency (+÷); absence of visible fat (serous adipose atrophy) (÷). All figures are from wild reindeer calves killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015, except for the heart to the bottom right which is from a moose that died from winter starvation.
Fig. 6 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves
Fig. 6. Photograph from the inside of the skin showing Hypoderma tarandi larvae removed from the lower part of the back of a calf killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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