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42 results for “carbon dioxide fluxes”
Time series of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured with eddy covariance for Falling Creek Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2020-2025
We measured carbon dioxide and methane flux exchange with the atmosphere at the deepest site of Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA) every 30 minutes from 04 April 2020 to 31 December 2025. Falling Creek Reservoir is a drinking water supply reservoir owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority (WVWA) as a primary drinking water source. The dataset consists of micrometeorological and flux data collected using an eddy covariance system (LiCor Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) and analyzed with associated Eddy Pro software (Eddy Pro Version 7.0.6), including carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. All analysis scripts are included for data processing and quality assurance/quality control following best practices.
Time series of methane and carbon dioxide diffusive fluxes using an Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (UGGA) for Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2018-2025
Diffusive fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were measured using an Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (UGGA) at the surface of Falling Creek Reservoir (FCR) and Beaverdam Reservoir (BVR; Vinton, Virginia, USA). FCR and BVR are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia. The dataset consists of calculated diffusive fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam (2018–2025) and additional reservoir upstream sites in FCR (2018, 2023) and BVR (2022). In 2025, two littoral sites were measured at the northernmost wetland inflow to FCR. Measurements were collected approximately fortnightly in FCR throughout the summer stratified periods of 2018–2021 and 2023-2025, while measurements from BVR were only taken in 2018 and 2022-2024.
Time series of carbon dioxide fluxes measured with eddy covariance for Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province, China during 2022-2024
This dataset contains half-hourly micrometeorological and eddy covariance flux measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂) collected over the water surface of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province, China, from April 2022 to November 2024. The eddy covariance tower was installed at the deepest point of the reservoir, which serves as a critical water source for water supply and regional ecological functions in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Measurements were obtained using a LI-COR eddy covariance system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA), and fluxes were calculated using EddyPro software (version 7.0.6). The dataset includes CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes as well as supporting micrometeorological, radiation, and water temperature measurements. All data were processed following established best practices for eddy covariance measurements, including comprehensive quality assurance and quality control procedures, which are fully documented and included with the dataset.
Ecosystem-level Carbon dioxide fluxes in two long-term experimental wet sedge tundra sites near Toolik Lake, AK, ARC LTER 1994.
Ecosystem-level Carbon dioxide fluxes were measured in two long-term experimental wet sedge tundra sites near Toolik Lake, AK. Experimental treatments at each site included factorial nitrogenXphosphorus, greenhouse and shade house and were begun in 1985 (Sag site) or in 1988 (Toolik sites). Fluxes were measured on quadrats that were later sampled for biomass and leaf area.
In Situ Carbon Dioxide and Methane Flux Measurements Using Opaque Chambers in a Sedge Fen Wetland (US-Los Lost Creek AmeriFlux Site, Wisconsin, Summer 2015)
This dataset contains in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes, collected using opaque closed chambers at the US-Los Lost Creek AmeriFlux fen shrub wetland site in northern Wisconsin during summer 2015. These data were collected to characterize variability of day-time mid-summer methane soil fluxes across the sampling area of the eddy covariance flux tower.
Carbon dioxide flux measurements and plot photographs from Arctic LTER Heath Tundra herbivore exclosures, Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2013
Ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) flux light response curves were measured from Arctic LTER heath tundra herbivore exclosures. Plot photographs were taken of each subplot using five consumer grade red, green and blue (RGB) wavelength camera. Structure from motion (SFM) photogrammetric method was then used to derive canopy structure. This file contains the CO2, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and photographs for each plot.
Aquatic biofilm autotrohic index, carbon dioxide flux, and environmental conditions for the APEX water table experiment 2021-2023
To better understand linkages between hydrology and ecosystem carbon flux in northern aquatic ecosystems, we evaluated the relationship between plant communities, biofilm development, and carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange following long-term changes in hydrology in an Alaskan fen. We quantified seasonal variation in biofilm composition and CO2 exchange in response to lowered and raised water-table position (relative to a control) during years with varying levels of background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We then used nutrient-diffusing substrates to evaluate cause-effect relationships between changes in plant subsidies (i.e., leachates) and biofilm composition among water-table treatments. We found that background DOC concentration determined whether plant subsidies promoted net autotrophy or heterotrophy on nutrient diffusing substrates. In conditions where background DOC was <= 40 mg L-1, plant subsidies promoted an autotrophic biofilm. Conversely, when background DOC concentration was >= 50 mg L-1, plant subsidies promoted heterotrophy. Greater light attenuation associated with elevated levels of DOC may have overwhelmed the stimulatory effect of nutrients on autotrophic microbes by constraining photosynthesis while simultaneously allowing heterotrophs to outcompete autotrophs for available nutrients. At the ecosystem level, conditions that favored an autotrophic biofilm resulted in net CO2 uptake among all water-table treatments, whereas the site was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere in conditions that supported greater heterotrophy. Taken together, these findings show that hydrologic history interacts with changes in dominant plant functional groups to alter biofilm composition, which has consequences for ecosystem CO2 exchange.
Soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide flux data for Niwot Ridge and Loch Vale watershed, 1994.
Fluxes of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from snow-covered alpine soils were measured at Niwot Ridge. Six sites characterized by relatively shallow snowpacks were sampled in 1993. A total of 27 sites were sampled in 1994. Nine of the 1994 sites were located in the naturally shallow snowfield sampled in 1993, 9 sites were located in a formerly shallow snowpack site where snow depth was augmented by the construction of a 2.8-m high, 60-m long snowfence, and the 9 remaining sites were located in a naturally deep snowpack. Concentrations of N2O and CO2 at the soil surface were measured monthly from January until March, biweekly through April, and weekly until snowmelt was complete. Elevated levels of CO2 under the snowpack, suggesting microbial activity, were first observed under the shallow snowpacks in early March of 1993. N2O production under snow was first observed in April 1993, when soil temperatures had warmed above -3 degrees C. In 1994 shallow snowpack sites exhibited diminished and sporadic production of both CO2 and N2O, apparently due to the inconsistent snow cover compared to 1993. The snowfence sites exhibited increased CO2 and N2O fluxes beginning in February 1994. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes from the snowfence site were similar to those measured under the naturally deep snowpack. These data suggest that the timing and depth of snow cover during the alpine winter control microbial activity by insulating soils from extreme air temperatures. To obtain a regional perspective on subnivean trace gas fluxes, both CO2 and N2O samples were determined at sites below treeline on Niwot Ridge and at Loch Vale in Rocky Mountain National Park.
GLEON DC-FLUX Lake Mendota floating chamber carbon dioxide flux, 2017 - 2018
Campaign to measure diel cycle of lake-atmosphere carbon dioxide flux in different seasons. This is part of a larger synthesis working group for GLEON called DC-FLUX. Floating chamber with in-situ CO2 sensor was deployed between July 2017 and April 2018 over four campaigns of three-hourly samples taken by two chambers with three replicates each by boat and in one campaign, also near shore. These data are being synthesized with similar measurements made in multiple lakes for a forthcoming manuscript.
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Soil atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, 1998 - ongoing
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) established a network of long-term permanent biogeochemical study plots in 1998. These plots provide long-term data on vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes in the key ecosystem types within the urban ecosystem. The network of study plots includes forest plots (upland and riparian), chosen to represent the range of forest conditions in the area and grass plots (to represent home lawns). Plots are instrumented with lysimeters (drainage and tension) to sample soil solution chemistry, time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil moisture, dataloggers to measure and record soil temperature, and trace gas flux chambers to measure the flux of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane from soil to the atmosphere. Measurements of in situ nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification were made at approximately monthly intervals from Fall 1998 - Fall 2000. Detailed vegetation characterization (all layers) was done in summer 1998 and 2015. Data from these plots has been published in Groffman et al. (2006, 2009), Groffman and Pouyat (2009), Savva et al. (2010), Costa and Groffman (2013), Duncan et al. (2013), Waters et al. (2014), Ni and Groffman (2018), Templeton et al. (2019). Literature Cited Costa, K.H. and P.M. Groffman. 2013. Factors regulating net methane flux in urban forests and grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77:850 - 855. Duncan, J. M., L. E. Band, and P. M. Groffman. 2013. Towards closing the watershed nitrogen budget: Spatial and temporal scaling of denitrification. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences 118:1-5; DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.20090 Groffman PM, Pouyat RV, Cadenasso ML, Zipperer WC, Szlavecz K, Yesilonis IC,. Band LE and Brush GS. 2006. Land use context and natural soil controls on plant community composition and soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in urban and rural forests. Forest Ecology and Management 236:177-192. Groffman, P.M., C.O. Williams, R.V. Pouyat, L.E. Band and I.C.
Methane and carbon dioxide flux in a tidal freshwater marsh recovering from three years of experimental seawater additions and following the Hurricane Irma storm surge
Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux rates were measured in a tidal freshwater marsh using static flux chambers. The experimental field site, SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER and is located on the Altamaha River, GA. The marsh was experimentally dosed with brackish water additions for 3 years, from 2014 – 2017. There are three treatments groups (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two control groups (with and without siding on the plots), each with six replicates. Press treatment plots received brackish water throughout the year, Pulse plots received brackish water in September and October and fresh water the rest of the year, Fresh plots received fresh river water throughout the year. The two control groups, one with siding on the plots and one without, received no water addition manipulations. All dosing ceased in January 2018, at which point we began to study the recovery of the marsh. In this study, the Hurricane Irma Rapid Grant evaluated additional effects of the Hurricane Irma storm surge that occurred in October 2017. Greenhouse gas measurements were taken seasonally beginning in March 2018 and ending in March 2019.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane on Watershed 1 and Bear Brook, 2002-2024
Soil atmosphere fluxes of the trace gases; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) including 1) the "freeze" study reference plots that provide contrast between stands dominated (80%) by sugar maple versus yellow birch and low and high elevation areas, 2) the Bear Brook Watershed where trace gas sampling is coordinated with long-term monitoring of microbial biomass and activity and 3) watershed 1 where trace gas sampling locations were co-located with long-term microbial biomass and activity monitoring sites that are located near a subset of the lysimeter sites established for the calcium addition study on this watershed. This dataset contains the Watershed 1 and Bear Brook data. Freeze plot trace gas can be found in: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=251. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Dataset related to the publication "Temporal dynamics and environmental controls of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method over a boreal river"
<h2>Summary</h2> <p>Dataset related to the publication "Temporal dynamics and environmental controls of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method over a boreal river" by Aki Vähä, Timo Vesala, Sofya Guseva, Anders Lindroth, Andreas Lorke, Sally MacIntyre, and Ivan Mammarella (2024), published in Biogeosciences.</p> <h2>Materials and Methods</h2> <h3>Measurement site</h3> <p>The experiment was conducted on a floating platform on the River Kitinen in northern Finland. The measurements took place from 1 June to 2 October, 2018.</p> <p>The River Kitinen is 235 km long and has a catchment area of 7672 km2. The catchment area consists mostly of managed boreal forest with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) as the main tree species, wetlands of which a large portion is drained, small streams and rivers, some low mountains and a few small settlements. The experiment site (67.37◦ N, 26.62◦ E, 173 m above sea level) was located next to the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s research and weather station in Tähtelä. At the experiment location the river is 180 m wide and forms a straight section extending approximately 600 m upstream and 1000 m downstream from the site. The direction of the river at the site is roughly north-northwest–south-southeast and it flows towards the south. The mean annual discharge, measured at the closest power plant downstream, is 103 m3 s−1. The maximum depth at the site is 7 m. The River Kitinen’s Strahler stream order at the site is 5. The floating platform was located about 70 m from the eastern river bank where the water depth was 4.5 m.</p> <h3>Eddy covariance</h3> <p>The eddy covariance system measuring water-atmosphere turbulent fluxes was mounted on a mast on the southern side of the platform. This installation consisted of an ultrasonic anemometer (uSonic-3 Scientific, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Elmshorn, Germany) for measuring the wind speed in three Cartesian coordinates and the sonic temperature, an enclosed-path gas analyser (LI-7200RS, LI-COR Biosciences, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour mole fractions, and a closed-path gas analyser (G1301-f, Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA) for measuring methane and water vapour mole fractions. The centre of the sonic anemometer was 1.82 m above the water surface. An inclinometer (DOG2 micro-electro-mechanical system, Measurement Specialties, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA) was used for measuring the pitch and roll of the platform. Eddy covariance fluxes were calculated using the EddyUH software (Mammarella et al. 2016), following the state of art methodologies (Sabbatini et al. 2018, Nemitz et al. 2018).</p> <h3>Auxiliary measurements</h3> <p>Ambient air temperature and relative humidity were measured with a Rotronic HC2-S3C03 probe (Rotronic AG, Bassersdorf, Germany), mounted inside a Young model 41003 (R. M. Young Company, Traverse City, Michigan, USA) multi-plate radiation shield on the platform’s north-eastern corner. Air temperature and relative humidity were available only after 15th of June. Before that, the sonic temperature and humidity calculated from χH2O, measured with the LI-7200RS, were used instead. Atmospheric pressure and precipitation were measured at the Tähtelä weather station. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in water was measured with two LI-192 sensors (LI-COR Biosciences, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) and one LI-193 sensor (LI-COR). The sensors were hanging from wires at 0.3 m, 0.65 m and 1.0 m depths on a beam on the southern side of the platform. Measurements of water side CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) were done by using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer – UGGA), Los Gatos Research, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA) that was connected to the headspace of an equilibrator consisting of a floating Plexiglas chamber.</p> <p>A water temperature chain was set up 100 m upstream of the platform. It consisted of five temperature loggers of the type RBR Solo (RBR Ltd. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). The loggers were placed on a taut line mooring at depths of 0.35 m, 1.35 m, 2.35 m, 3.35 m and 4.35 m (6 June to 17 June) and 0.07 m, 1.05 m, 2.05 m, 3.05 m and 4.05 m (17 June onwards). The topmost measurement was used as the surface temperature. The water flow velocity was measured with a acoustic Doppler velocimeter (Nortek Vector, Nortek AS, Rud, Norway) which was installed on a beam on the north-western corner of the platform, facing down (Guseva et al., 2021). The depth of the measurements was 0.4 m below the surface.</p>
Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from vegetated and open water zones of lakes in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta, Canada, 2019
Shallow areas of lakes, known as littoral zones, emit disproportionately more methane than open water but are sometimes ignored in upscaled estimates of lake greenhouse gas emissions. Littoral zone coverage may be estimated through synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mapping of emergent aquatic vegetation, which only grows in water less than ~1.5 m deep. In an accompanying publication, we combine airborne SAR mapping with field measurements of littoral and open-water methane flux to assess the importance of littoral zones to landscape-scale methane emissions. This dataset contains the field measurements of chamber methane flux from vegetated littoral zones and open water used for the accompanying publication. Measurements come from 24 distinct sampling events of 15 lakes in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Alberta, Canada in July through August, 2019. The dataset also includes within-lake locations, carbon dioxide measurements, simple characterizations of vegetation type, and associated limnological and meteorological measurements, when available: water and air temperature, water depth, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity.
Dataset for "Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland"
<p>This is the dataset (ver. 2017.02.13) for the manuscript "Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland" submitted to the journal <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em>.</p>
Data from: Constraining biospheric carbon dioxide fluxes by combined top-down and bottom-up approaches
<p> </p> <p> </p> <p><span>Acknowledgements.</span><span> </span><span>We would like to thank Martin Jung, Jakob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, and the FLUXCOM team for their structural</span><br><span>support, feedback and discussion. The Authors would like to thank the producers of the Inversion data included in this study: Ingrid Luijkx</span><br><span>and Wouter Peters (CTE), Frederic Chevallier and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), Christian Roedenbeck (Jena</span><br><span>Carboscope sEXTocNEET), Yosuke Niwa (NISMON-CO2), and Liang Feng and Paul Palmer (UoE). This research was funded by the</span><br><span>European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant ’Understanding and modeling the Earth System with Machine Learning (USMILE)’</span><br><span>under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 855187)</span></p> <p><br><span>This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux</span><br><span>(U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02</span>-<br><span>04ER63911)), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS,</span><br><span>NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. We acknowl-</span><br><span>edge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck</span><br><span>Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Université Laval and Environment Canada and US Depart-</span><br><span>ment of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,</span><br><span>Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California - Berkeley, University of Virginia</span></p>
ORCHIDEE Gridded Carbon Dioxide Fluxes
<p><span>ORCHIDEE simulation data (0.125°, 3-hourly, 1990-2022) over EYE-CLIMA domain (Europe 73N-35N, 25W-45E) for carbon dioxide fluxes: GPP (gross primary production - net assimilation of carbon by vegetation), RM (maintenance respiration), RG (growth respiration), RH (heterotrophic respiration), NBP (net biospheric production). Values are provided in kgCO2/m2/h for each grid cell (positive values correspond to source, negative values correspond to sink).</span></p>
Meteorological responses of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of a subarctic landscape [Data set]
<p>The data set contains carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes of boreal subarctic landscape and its ecosystems and ecotones, and ancillary meteorological and environmental data, measured at Kaamanen, northern Finland (69°8’ N, 27°16’ E; 155 m a.s.l.), during June 2017 - June 2019. The studied ecosystems and ecotones include: upland pine forest, fen, treed pine bog, sparsely treed pine bog, lakes and string top fen plant community.</p> <p>C_fluxes1b_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened, u* filtered and gap-filled eddy covariance ecosystem flux data and modelled pine bog and string top time series utilising eddy covariance and manual flux chamber measurements.</p> <p>C_fluxes2_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.csv includes quality screened daily average lake fluxes from mineral and organic sediment lakes.</p> <p>environmental_data_Heiskanen_et_al_2022.xlsx includes ancillary meteorological and environmental data.</p>
Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.
<p>Dataset used in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=oa_20231214&utm_content=10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0#citeas">Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates</a>.</p> <p>The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocatière: 47°22'24.7"N 70°03'26.3"W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29°33'47.3"N 90°04'22.8"W and 29°29'52.2"N 89°55'00.2"W) from two vegetation types (<em>Sporobolus alterniflorus</em> formerly known as <em>Spartina alterniflora </em>and<em> Sporobolus pumilus</em> formerly known as<em> Spartina patens</em>). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21<sup>st</sup> July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10<sup>th</sup> August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including <em>in-situ</em> soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d<sup>13</sup>C and soil d<sup>15</sup>N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1).</p> <p>Stable <sup>15</sup>N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‑ </sup>for denitrification rates and one core receiving <sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 ℃ and 28.1 ℃ for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.0 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 2.9 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.5 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>; 0.5 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 7.3 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>and 5.7 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 2.8 NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> mg g wet soil<sup>-1</sup> for Quebec <em>S. alterniflorus</em>, Quebec <em>S. pumilus</em>, Louisiana <em>S. alterniflorus</em> and Louisiana <em>S. pumilus</em>, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 ℃) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>) and <sup>15</sup>N in denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub>O, denitrification-derived N<sub>2</sub> and nitrification-derived N­<sub>2</sub>O.</p> <p>Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer. Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N.</p> <p>N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler (Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH<sub>4</sub> analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N<sub>2</sub>O analysis. CO<sub>2</sub> was methanised to CH<sub>4</sub> before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was < 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N<sub>2</sub>O, 72 ppb CH<sub>4 </sub>and 31 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The <sup>15</sup>N content of the N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d<sup>15</sup>N < 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 MΩ, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l<sup>-1</sup> and 10 mg l<sup>-1</sup> standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and ±0.3 mg C l<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.5 and ±0.3 mg N l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of ±5 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO­<sub>3</sub>, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l<sup>-1</sup> and accuracy of ±6 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was < 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was < 0.06 % for both d<sup>13</sup>C and d<sup>15</sup>N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.</p>
Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from a Central Iowa crop field and accompanying soil edaphic and climatic variables.
To quantify the magnitude of soil nitrous oxide flux and the drivers of nitrous oxide emissions in a representative central Iowa corn-soybean agricultural system, we measured greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CO2) from 2017 to 2019 (primarily using custom automated chambers) along with soil chemical and physical parameters across a topographic gradient in a typically managed agricultural field near Ames, Iowa, USA. More details can be found in the associated manuscript, Lawrence et al. (2021).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.