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Simulations from the LPJmL3.5 dynamic global vegetation model for the Vegetation Carbon Turnover Intercomparison

Outputs from the LPJmL3.5 dynamic global vegetation model are provided for two global simulations. One forced by CRU-NCEP v5 climate data for the period 1901-2014 and one forced by bias-corrected IPSL-CM5A-LR RCP 8.5 climate data for the period 1901-2099. Only potential natural vegetation was simulated, i.e. no human land-use. Both simulations are at 0.5 x 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Carbon turnover fluxes for live vegetation for each individual turnover-causing process in the model were outputted individually. For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the accompanying paper.

Simulations from the ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model for the Vegetation Carbon Turnover Intercomparison

Outputs from the ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model are provided for two global simulations. One forced by CRU-NCEP v5 climate data for the period 1901-2014 and one forced by bias-corrected IPSL-CM5A-LR RCP 8.5 climate data for the period 1901-2099. Only potential natural vegetation was simulated, i.e. no human land-use. Both simulations are at 0.5 x 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Carbon turnover fluxes for live vegetation for mortality, leaf phenological turnover and fine root phenological turnover were outputted individually. For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the accompanying paper.

Simulations from the JULES dynamic global vegetation model for the Vegetation Carbon Turnover Intercomparison

Outputs from the JULES dynamic global vegetation model are provided for two global simulations. One forced by CRU-NCEP v5 climate data for the period 1901-2014 and one forced by bias-corrected IPSL-CM5A-LR RCP 8.5 climate data for the period 1901-2099. Only potential natural vegetation was simulated, i.e. no human land-use. Both simulations are at 1.875 x 1.25 degree spatial resolution. Carbon turnover fluxes for live vegetation for each individual turnover-causing process in the model were outputted individually. For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the accompanying paper.

Simulations from the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model v3.0 for the Vegetation Carbon Turnover Intercomparison

Outputs from the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model v3.0 are provided for two global simulations. One forced by CRU-NCEP v5 climate data for the period 1901-2014 and one forced by bias-corrected IPSL-CM5A-LR RCP 8.5 climate data for the period 1901-2099. Only potential natural vegetation was simulated, i.e. no human land-use. Both simulations are at 0.5 x 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Carbon turnover fluxes for live vegetation for mortality, leaf phenological turnover and fine root phenological turnover were outputted individually. For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the accompanying paper.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Dataset from paper "Quantifying landscape fragmentation and forest carbon dynamics over 35 years in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest"

<h3>Dataset from the paper “Quantifying landscape fragmentation and forest carbon dynamics over 35 years in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest”</h3>  This repository contains: <ul> <li>Dataset Description: “raster_labels.xlsx” (an Excel spreadsheet detailing raster pixel values and their respective fragmentation classes).</li> <li>Fragmentation Raster Files: “forest_fragmentation_mspa_2020.tif” and “forest_fragmentation_mspa_2020.tif” (GeoTIFF files of landscape forest fragmentation for 1985 and 2020).</li> </ul>  If you need anything else, please contact the corresponding author, Igor Broggio (<a href="mailto:isbbroggio@gmail.com">isbbroggio@gmail.com</a>).   If you use these data, please cite the paper: [Citation]

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

Dataset related to the publication "Temporal dynamics and environmental controls of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method over a boreal river"

<h2>Summary</h2> Dataset related to the publication "Temporal dynamics and environmental controls of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method over a boreal river" by Aki Vähä, Timo Vesala, Sofya Guseva, Anders Lindroth, Andreas Lorke, Sally MacIntyre, and Ivan Mammarella (2024), published in Biogeosciences. <h2>Materials and Methods</h2> <h3>Measurement site</h3> The experiment was conducted on a floating platform on the River Kitinen in northern Finland. The measurements took place from 1 June to 2 October, 2018. The River Kitinen is 235 km long and has a catchment area of 7672 km2. The catchment area consists mostly of managed boreal forest with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) as the main tree species, wetlands of which a large portion is drained, small streams and rivers, some low mountains and a few small settlements. The experiment site (67.37◦ N, 26.62◦ E, 173 m above sea level) was located next to the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s research and weather station in Tähtelä. At the experiment location the river is 180 m wide and forms a straight section extending approximately 600 m upstream and 1000 m downstream from the site. The direction of the river at the site is roughly north-northwest–south-southeast and it flows towards the south. The mean annual discharge, measured at the closest power plant downstream, is 103 m3 s−1. The maximum depth at the site is 7 m. The River Kitinen’s Strahler stream order at the site is 5. The floating platform was located about 70 m from the eastern river bank where the water depth was 4.5 m. <h3>Eddy covariance</h3> The eddy covariance system measuring water-atmosphere turbulent fluxes was mounted on a mast on the southern side of the platform. This installation consisted of an ultrasonic anemometer (uSonic-3 Scientific, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Elmshorn, Germany) for measuring the wind speed in three Cartesian coordinates and the sonic temperature, an enclosed-path gas analyser (LI-7200RS, LI-COR Biosciences, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour mole fractions, and a closed-path gas analyser (G1301-f, Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA) for measuring methane and water vapour mole fractions. The centre of the sonic anemometer was 1.82 m above the water surface. An inclinometer (DOG2 micro-electro-mechanical system, Measurement Specialties, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA) was used for measuring the pitch and roll of the platform. Eddy covariance fluxes were calculated using the EddyUH software (Mammarella et al. 2016), following the state of art methodologies (Sabbatini et al. 2018, Nemitz et al. 2018). <h3>Auxiliary measurements</h3> Ambient air temperature and relative humidity were measured with a Rotronic HC2-S3C03 probe (Rotronic AG, Bassersdorf, Germany), mounted inside a Young model 41003 (R. M. Young Company, Traverse City, Michigan, USA) multi-plate radiation shield on the platform’s north-eastern corner. Air temperature and relative humidity were available only after 15th of June. Before that, the sonic temperature and humidity calculated from χH2O, measured with the LI-7200RS, were used instead. Atmospheric pressure and precipitation were measured at the Tähtelä weather station. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in water was measured with two LI-192 sensors (LI-COR Biosciences, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) and one LI-193 sensor (LI-COR). The sensors were hanging from wires at 0.3 m, 0.65 m and 1.0 m depths on a beam on the southern side of the platform. Measurements of water side CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) were done by using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer – UGGA), Los Gatos Research, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA) that was connected to the headspace of an equilibrator consisting of a floating Plexiglas chamber. A water temperature chain was set up 100 m upstream of the platform. It consisted of five temperature loggers of the type RBR Solo (RBR Ltd. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). The loggers were placed on a taut line mooring at depths of 0.35 m, 1.35 m, 2.35 m, 3.35 m and 4.35 m (6 June to 17 June) and 0.07 m, 1.05 m, 2.05 m, 3.05 m and 4.05 m (17 June onwards). The topmost measurement was used as the surface temperature. The water flow velocity was measured with a acoustic Doppler velocimeter (Nortek Vector, Nortek AS, Rud, Norway) which was installed on a beam on the north-western corner of the platform, facing down (Guseva et al., 2021). The depth of the measurements was 0.4 m below the surface.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil

These files contain the carbon content, radiocarbon, and stable isotope data for soils collected to 2 m deep in forest and soybean cropland in Mato Grosso, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Simulation result from "Simulating Bark Beetle Outbreak Dynamics and their Influence on Carbon Balance Estimates with ORCHIDEE r7791"

Eight locations were selected which represent the range of climatic conditions within the distribution area of spruce in Europe (Picea Abies Karst L.) as shown in Table 4. Half-hourly weather data from the FLUXNET database <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?ibBw15">(Pastorello et al., 2020)</a> for these locations were used to drive ORCHIDEE.  Some of these locations (FON, SOR, HES, COL, WET) are not populated with spruce but all are located within the species distribution. For each location, a pure spruce stand was simulated and the available FLUXNET data was looped to simulate a 100-year period. The study did not investigate the effect of species mixture in the simulation experiments. Other inputs, including soil texture, pH and soil color were obtained from the USDA map derived from <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?aaWPI6">Eswaran et al. (2003</a>), for the corresponding pixel. The amount of fresh breeding woody substrate inputs used by the bark beetles to breed was controlled by modifying the maximum wind speed of a windthrow event in ORCHIDEE. Seven wind speeds ranging between 19 m/s and 40 m/s were selected (Table 3). This range is justified by the observation that mean wind speeds below 19 m/s could not trigger a windthrow event in ORCHIDEE <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?jEqNDm">(Chen et al., 2018)</a> while for wind speeds exceeding 40 m/s, more than 60% of the trees are uprooted, leaving too few living trees to trigger a bark beetle outbreak within the same pixel.  To investigate the impact of windthrow intensity and background climate on bark beetle outbreaks, the study conducted a total of 56 [8 sites x 7 wind speed intensities] simulations as given in table 3. The same 56 simulations were also used to analyze the sensitivity of the carbon balance of spruce forests to windthrow intensity and background climate. Where most land surface models use a turnover time to simulate continuous mortality <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?5jGfXF">(Thurner et al., 2014; Pugh et al., 2019)</a>, ecological reality is better described by abrupt mortality events. An idealized simulation experiment was used to qualify the impact of abrupt mortality on net biome productivity by changing from a framework in which mortality is approximated by a constant background mortality to a framework in which mortality occurs in abrupt, discrete events. To test the impact of a change in mortality framework two versions of ORCHIDEE were compared to create an idealized simulation experiment: (1) a version simulating mortality as a continuous process, labeled ”the continuous version”, and (2) the version capable of simulating abrupt mortality from windthrow and subsequent bark beetle outbreaks, labeled ”the abrupt version”. The effect of simulating abrupt mortality was evaluated over 20-, 50-, and 100-year time horizons. The effect of changing the framework of simulating mortality from continuous to abrupt was qualified on the basis of 112 simulations (8 sites x 7 wind speeds x 2 model versions) of 100 years each. The simulations with abrupt mortality were run first. Subsequently, the number of trees killed was quantified and used as a reference value for the continuous mortality set-up. This approach resulted in the same quantities of dead trees at the end of the simulation for both frameworks, which then differed only in the timing of the simulated mortality.  This precaution is necessary to avoid comparing two different mortality regimes where the result would mainly be explained by the intensity of the mortality rather than by its underlying mechanisms.

openCustomSep 2016View details →

Carbon Dynamics in the Hyporheic Zone of a Headwater Mountain Stream in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon – Watershed 1 at HJA – June 2013 to March 2014

This study investigated carbon dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a steep, forested catchment in the Cascade Mountains of western Oregon, USA. Water samples were collected monthly from a headwater stream and well network during baseflow conditions from July to December 2013 and again in March 2014. We also sampled during one fall storm event, collecting pre-storm, rising leg, and extended high flow samples. The well network is located at the base of Watershed 1 (WS1) of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest and spans the full width of the floodplain (~14 m) along a 29 m reach of stream. We measured pH, temperature, water level, major anions, major cations, DOC, DIC, and total alkalinity. Flow paths, travel time to wells and hydraulic conductivity were available from previous studies.

openOpenDec 2008View details →

The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest I. - Response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach (2003-2100).

The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr

Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Active Layer Depth (ALD) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.

This dataset includes active layer depth (ALD) data across a 75x75m spatial domain in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.

Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Net Primary Production (NPP) for black spruce (Picea mariana) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.

This dataset includes net primary production (NPP) data for black spruce (Picea mariana) in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.

Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Net Primary Production (NPP) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.

This dataset includes net primary production (NPP) data for dominant tree species in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.

Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Specific Leaf Area (SLA) for alder (Alnus crispa) and black spruce (Picea mariana) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.

This dataset includes specific leaf area (SLA) data for two dominant tree species in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed: alder (Alnus crispa) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Up to 10 leaf samples were collected per species per sampling location. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.

Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Slope data in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.

This dataset includes landscape slope data. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.