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14 results for “carrion use”
Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra
<p>In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact winter use of carrion by Arctic and red foxes in low Arctic Fennoscandia. We predicted that presence of red foxes limits Arctic foxes' use of carrion, and that competition depends on the availability of other resources. We monitored Arctic and red fox presence at supplied carrion using camera traps. From 2006 to 2021, between 16 and 20 cameras were active for two months in late winter (288 camera-winters). Using a multi-species dynamic occupancy model at a week-to-week scale, we evaluated use of carrion by foxes while accounting for the presence of competitors, rodent availability and supplemental feeding provided to Arctic foxes. Competition affected carrion use by increasing both species' probability to leave occupied carcasses sites between consecutive weeks. This increase was similar for the two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased rodent abundance was associated with a higher probability of colonizing carrion sites for both species. For Arctic foxes, however, this increase was only observed at carcasses unoccupied by red foxes, showing greater avoidance when alternative preys are available. Supplementary feeding increased Arctic foxes' carrion use, regardless of red fox presence. Contrary to expectations, we did not find strong signs of asymmetric competition for carrion in winter, which suggests that interactions for resources at a short time scale are not necessarily aligned with interactions at the scale of the population. In addition, we found that competition for carcasses depends on the availability of other resources, suggesting that interactions between predators depend on the ecological context.</p>
Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat, and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger
<p>Scavenging on carrion is critical and often fiercely competitive for a range of vertebrate species, from native apex predators to invasive species and even reptiles. In Australia, a notable reptilian scavenger is the lace monitor (<em>Varanus varius</em>). In this study, we quantified lace monitor activity at carcasses and compared their use of the resource to common co-occurring predators that also scavenge; the invasive red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), and native apex predator, the dingo (<em>Canis dingo</em>). To do so, we deployed 80 macropod carcasses equally across seasons (summer and winter) and habitats (open and closed canopy), in a temperate bioregion and monitored vertebrate scavenging with camera traps. Lace monitor activity was 1.67-times higher in summer than winter, but it did not differ across closed and open habitats. Monitor activity occurred earlier after carcass deployment at sites deployed in summer than winter (1.47-fold earlier), and at carcasses in open than closed habitats (0.22-fold earlier). Lace monitors initially discovered carcass sites faster in summer than winter and before both red foxes and dingoes in summer. Lace monitors were active diurnally in both summer and winter, differing from the red fox, which was strictly a nocturnal scavenger, and the dingo, which was significantly more active at night across both seasons. Finally, we found that lace monitor activity at carcass sites decreased slightly with higher rates of activity for dingoes (0.04-fold decrease as dingo activity increased), but not with red fox activity. Our results have implications for understanding lace monitor foraging and scavenging and highlight the value of monitoring carcasses to provide important insights into the behaviour of varanid lizards that scavenge.</p>
Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat, and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger
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Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra
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Use of charred vertebrate carcasses by carrion beetles: Implications of controlled burns and wildfires for the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus
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Data from: Roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community
Wildlife-vehicle collisions introduce a considerable amount of carrion into the environment, but scavenger use of this resource has not been extensively investigated. Scavengers may use roads for reliable foraging opportunities, but might also use roads for other purposes and encounter carrion opportunistically. We examined scavenging of carrion along linear features by placing 52 rabbit carcasses in each of three treatments in forested habitat during winter (Dec 2016-Mar 2017) in South Carolina, USA: roads, power line clearings (linear feature with fewer carcasses than roads due to lack of road kill), and forest interior. We used motion-activated cameras to compare arrival times and presence of vertebrate scavengers among treatments. There was no difference in proportion of carcasses scavenged or scavenger arrival time across treatments. No species arrived at roads quicker than other treatments. Turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) and coyotes (Canis latrans) scavenged equally across treatments, whereas gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) scavenged along roads and power lines, but not in forests. We suggest that scavenger use of carrion near roads at this location during winter relates to factors other than carrion availability. Because some scavengers readily consumed carrion on roads, this resource has the potential to influence the ecology of these species.
FIGURE 5. Marcelonemobius mutum n in Orthoptera (Ensifera & Caelifera) collected using carrion traps in a Quercus forest in Jalisco, Mexico, with description of a new genus and a new species (Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
FIGURE 5. Marcelonemobius mutum n. sp. (female). A. Habitus lateral and dorsal. B. Head, pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum in dorsal view. C–D. Terminalia in lateral and ventral view respectively.
FIGURE 3 in Orthoptera (Ensifera & Caelifera) collected using carrion traps in a Quercus forest in Jalisco, Mexico, with description of a new genus and a new species (Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
FIGURE 3. Morphospecies collected in carrion tramps. A. Anargyrtes sp. B. Pristoceuthophilus sp. C. Stenopelmatus sp. 1. D. Stenopelmatus sp. 2. E. Anurogryllus forcipatus. F. Hoplosphyrum aztecum. G. Sphenarium borrei. H. Pedies sp. I. Philocleon nigrovittatus.
Data from: Roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community
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Data from: Effects of abiotic environmental factors and land use on the diversity of carrion-visiting silphid beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae): a large scale carrion study
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Data from: Effects of abiotic environmental factors and land use on the diversity of carrion-visiting silphid beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae): a large scale carrion study
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FIGURE 4. Marcelonemobius mutum n in Orthoptera (Ensifera & Caelifera) collected using carrion traps in a Quercus forest in Jalisco, Mexico, with description of a new genus and a new species (Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
FIGURE 4. Marcelonemobius mutum n. sp. (male). A–B. Habitus lateral and dorsal respectively. C–D. Forewings right and left. E–D. Hind leg outer and inner side. F–G. Genitalia in dorsal and ventral view respectively.
FIGURES 1. A–C in Orthoptera (Ensifera & Caelifera) collected using carrion traps in a Quercus forest in Jalisco, Mexico, with description of a new genus and a new species (Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
FIGURES 1. A–C. Map location type and location of carion traps in Cerro de García. D–E. Type of habitat at the locality. The images of the study area were taken from Google Earth.
FIGURE 2 in Orthoptera (Ensifera & Caelifera) collected using carrion traps in a Quercus forest in Jalisco, Mexico, with description of a new genus and a new species (Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae)
FIGURE 2. Range-abundance chart of the Orthoptera species by elevation.
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