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14 results for “carryover effects”
Data from: Longer days, larger grays: Carryover effects of photoperiod and temperature in gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor
<p>Environmental conditions like temperature and photoperiod can strongly shape organisms' growth and development. For many ectotherms with complex life cycles, global change will cause their offspring to experience warmer conditions and earlier-season photoperiods, two variables that can induce conflicting responses. We experimentally manipulated photoperiod and temperature during gray treefrog (<em>Hyla versicolor</em>) larval development to examine effects at metamorphosis and during short (10-day) and long (56-day) periods post-metamorphosis. Both early- and late-season photoperiods (April and August) decreased age and size at metamorphosis relative to the average-season (June) photoperiod, while warmer temperatures decreased age but increased size at metamorphosis. Warmer larval temperatures reduced short-term juvenile growth but had no long-term effect. Conversely, photoperiod had no short-term carryover effect, but juveniles from early- and late-season larval photoperiods had lower long-term growth rates than juveniles from the average-season photoperiod. Similar responses to early- and late-season photoperiods may be due to reduced total daylight compared to average-season photoperiods. However, juveniles from late-season photoperiods selected cooler temperatures than early-season juveniles, suggesting not all effects of photoperiod were due to total light exposure. Our results indicate that despite both temperature and photoperiod affecting metamorphosis, the long-term effects of photoperiod may be much stronger than those of temperature.</p>
Data from: Longer days, larger grays: Carryover effects of photoperiod and temperature in gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor
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Data from: Year-round carryover effects are driven by migration phenology for Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) wintering in West Africa
<p>Recently, population declines have been reported for many migratory birds. Because of complex life cycles, determining the causes for such declines is often difficult. Thus, migratory birds are of special conservation interest. We studied the migratory behavior of barn swallows Hirundo rustica tagged with solar geolocators and determined carryover effects during the entire annual cycle from one breeding season to the next. We used a Partial Least Square Path Model (PLS-PM) to disentangle migratory and breeding events that occur in chronological order. In addition, we controlled for broad environmental conditions in the wintering grounds (NDVI and latitude) and the specific moulting habitat (δ13C). We did not find a carryover effect from reproduction investment in the attachment year to breeding success in the subsequent year. Individuals which invested more in reproduction departed earlier from the breeding colonies, but this in turn did not affect the onset of autumn migration. Thus, the pre-migratory period should be acting as a buffer stage counteracting any previous carryover effects from reproduction investment. On the other hand, we found a long-lasting domino effect from the onset of autumn migration to subsequent breeding success, consistent with the notion of a migratory race. Specifically, individuals which started earlier the autumn migration, arrived earlier to the wintering grounds, started earlier the spring migration, arrived earlier to the breeding colonies and had a higher breeding success. We highlight that the pre-migratory period (i.e., the time elapsed between departure from breeding areas and the onset of autumn migration) should be important for the lifecycle of migratory species, but it has been frequently overlooked.</p>
Carryover effects in a sea star: Juvenile resource availability does not compensate for a poor larval environment
<p><span>Carryover effects are widespread in nature and can link early-life experiences to the regulation of populations. However, for organisms with complex life cycles, it is unclear whether offspring can overcome negative early-life experiences when provided with abundant post-metamorphic resources. We tested this by rearing larvae of the keystone sea star </span><em>Asterias forbesi</em><span>, under high or low food conditions, and then reared the juveniles for 2–3 weeks under one of four food treatments. Larvae reared under low food conditions took longer to reach metamorphosis and settled as smaller juveniles with fewer spines. For early settlers (mean age at settlement = 24.0 d), carryover effects of low larval food significantly reduced post-metamorphic size, mussel consumption and growth. However for late settlers (mean age at settlement = 29.3 d), there were no carryover effects of larval food availability detected post-metamorphosis. The differences between early and late settlers may indicate a trade-off between larval duration and the presence of carryover effects. Our data suggest that carryover effects mediated by body size at settlement could determine post-metamorphic survival, growth, and performance, ultimately impacting the recruitment of this keystone predator.</span></p>
Data from: Year-round carryover effects are driven by migration phenology for Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) wintering in West Africa
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Carryover effects in a sea star: Juvenile resource availability does not compensate for a poor larval environment
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Data from: Carryover effects and the evolution of polyphenism
<p>An individual's early-life environment and phenotype often influence its traits and performance as an adult. We investigated whether such 'carryover effects' are associated with alternative, environmentally induced phenotypes ('polyphenism'), and, if so, whether they influence polyphenism's evolution. To do so, we studied spadefoot toads, <i>Spea multiplicata</i>, which have evolved a polyphenism consisting of two, dramatically different forms: a carnivore morph and an omnivore morph. We sampled both morphs from a fast-drying and a slow-drying pond and reared them to sexual maturity. Larval environment (pond) strongly influenced survival as well as age and size at metamorphosis and sexual maturity; i.e., environment-dependent carryover effects were present. By contrast, larval phenotype (morph) did not affect life-history traits at sexual maturity; i.e., phenotype-dependent carryover effects were absent. These results are consistent with theory, which suggests that by amplifying selective trade-offs in heterogenous environments, environment-dependent carryover effects might foster polyphenism's evolution. At the same time, by freeing selection to refine a novel phenotype without altering the existing form, the absence of phenotype-dependent carryover effects might enable polyphenism to evolve in the first place. Generally, carryover effects might play an underappreciated role in polyphenism's evolution.</p>
Marine heatwave conditions drive carryover effects in a temperate sponge microbiome and developmental performance
<p><span>Marine heatwaves are increasingly subjecting organisms to unprecedented stressful conditions</span><span>, but the biological consequences of these events are still poorly understood. Here we experimentally tested the presence of carryover effects of heatwave conditions on the larval microbiome, settlers' growth rate and metamorphosis duration of the temperate sponge <em>Crella</em> <em>incrustans</em>.</span></p>
Examining Carryover Effect in Patients Treated witH Spinal cOrd Stimulation (ECHO)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03386058. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 6. Publications: 3.
Data from: Carryover effects of larval environment on individual variation in a facultatively diadromous fish
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Marine heatwave conditions drive carryover effects in a temperate sponge microbiome and developmental performance
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Data from: Carryover effects and the evolution of polyphenism
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Data from: Carryover effects drive competitive dominance in spatially structured environments
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Tumorigenic carryover effects of early life exposure to dichloroacetic acid in male B6C3F1 mice
GEO Series GSE58585. Mus musculus. 13 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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