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110 results for “cavity nest”
Data from: Nest orientation and proximity to snow patches are important for nest site selection of a cavity breeder at high elevation
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Reproductive timing and location are central to breeding success across taxa. Many species have evolved specific strategies to cope with environmental variability including shifts in timing of reproduction tracking resource availability or selecting favourable nest location. In mountain ecosystems, complex topography and pronounced seasonality result in particularly high spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions, and the risk of climate-induced resource mismatches is particularly acute given that temperature is increasing more rapidly than in the lowlands.<br>We investigated how a high-elevation passerine, the white-winged snowfinch <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, selects its nest site in relation to nest cavity characteristics, habitat composition and snow condition. We used a combination of field habitat mapping and satellite remote sensing to compare occupied nest sites with randomly selected pseudo-absence sites. In the first half of the breeding season, snowfinches preferred nest cavities oriented towards the morning sun while they used cavities proportional to their availability later on. This preference might relate to the nest microclimate offering eco-physiological advantages, namely thermoregulatory benefits for incubating adult and nestlings under the harsh conditions typically encountered in the alpine environment. Nest sites were consistently located in areas with greater-than-average snow cover at hatching date, likely mirroring the foraging preferences for tipulid larvae developing in meltwater along snowfields. Due to the particularly rapid climate shifts typical of mountain ecosystems, spatiotemporal mismatches between foraging grounds and nest sites are expected in the future, which may negatively influence demographic trajectories of the species concerned. The installation of well-designed nest boxes in optimal habitat configurations could to some extent help mitigate this risk.</p> <p> </p>
Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
<p>Passive restoration of secondary forests can partially offset loss of biodiversity following tropical deforestation. Tree cavities, an essential resource for cavity-nesting birds, are usually associated with old forest. We investigated the restoration time for tree cavities suitable for cavity-nesting birds in secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesized that cavity abundance would increase with forest age, but more rapidly in areas exposed to cutting only, compared to areas where forest was cut and burned. We also hypothesized that cavities would be lower, smaller, and less variable in secondary forest than in old-growth forest, which at the BDFFP is part of a vast lowland forest with no recent history of human disturbance. We used pole-mounted cameras and tree-climbing to survey cavities in 39 plots (each 200 × 40 m) across old-growth forests and 11–34 year-old secondary forests. We used generalized linear models to examine how cavity supply was related to forest age and land-use history (cut only vs cut-and-burn), and principal components analysis to compare cavity characteristics between old-growth and secondary forest. Cavity availability increased with secondary forest age, regardless of land-use history, but the oldest secondary forest (31–34 years) still had fewer cavities (mean ± SE = 9.8 ± 2.2 cavities/ha) than old-growth forest (20.5 ± 4.2 cavities/ha). Moreover, secondary forests lacked cavities that were high and deep, with large entrances – characteristics likely to be important for many species of cavity-nesting birds. Several decades may be necessary to restore cavity supply in secondary Amazonian forests, especially for the largest birds (e.g, forest-falcons and parrots > 190 g). Retention of legacy trees as forest is cleared might help maintain a supply of cavities that could allow earlier recolonization by some species of cavity-nesting birds when cleared areas are abandoned.</p>
Bee Tracker – an open-source machine-learning based video analysis software for the assessment of nesting and foraging performance of cavity-nesting solitary bees
<p>The foraging and nesting performance of bees can provide important information on bee health and is of interest for risk and impact assessment of environmental stressors. While radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is an efficient tool increasingly used for the collection of behavioral data in social bee species such as honey bees, behavioral studies on solitary bees still largely depend on direct observations, which is very time-consuming.</p> <p>Here, we present a novel automated methodological approach of individually and simultaneously tracking and analyzing foraging and nesting behavior of numerous cavity-nesting solitary bees. The approach consists of monitoring nesting units by video recording and automated analysis of videos by a machine learning based software. This <i>Bee Tracker</i> software consists of four trained deep learning networks to detect bees that enter or leave their nest and to recognize individual IDs on the bees' thorax as well as the IDs of their nests according to their positions in the nesting unit.</p> <p>The software is able to identify each nest of each individual nesting bee, which permits to measure individual-based measures of reproductive success. Moreover, the software quantifies the number of cavities a female enters until it finds its nest as a proxy of nest recognition, and it provides information on the number and duration of foraging trips. By training the software on 8 videos recording 24 nesting females per video, the software achieved a precision of 96% correct measurements of these parameters.</p> <p>The software could be adapted to various experimental setups by training it to an according set of videos. The presented method allows to efficiently collect large amounts of data on cavity-nesting solitary bee species and represents a promising new tool for the monitoring and assessment of behavior and reproductive success under laboratory, semi-field and field conditions.</p>
Figure 1 in Euryglossina (Euryglossina) perpusilla (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Euryglossinae) nesting in pre-formed cavities in Bankisa atenuata (Proteaceae)
Figure 1. Nesting holes (preformed) in a branch of a live, yet partially burnt tree of Banksia attenuata Brown located at Star Swamp Reserve, Western Australia. A number of individuals of Euryglossina (Euryglossina) perpusilla Cockerell (Colletidae: Euryglossinae) were observed entering and exiting the holes, and two specimens, both females, were collected on 9 January 2017.
Fig. 4 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 4. Differences in the body mass of adult blue tit males by heat treatment of nest boxes and locality. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 2 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 2. Blowfly pupae abundance observed in control and heated nests of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in both localities (Spain and Germany). The data presented was controlled for the locality and the interaction between locality and treatment. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 3 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 3. Differences in the abundance of Haemoproteus/Plasmodium in blue tit males by treatment and locality. Means ± intervals of confidence at 95% are shown.
Fig. 1 in Experimental manipulation of cavity temperature produces differential effects on parasite abundances in blue tit nests at two different latitudes
Fig. 1. Daily variation of temperature in nests of blue tits. Temperature is decreasing at 00:00 and lower values for the day are attained close to 8:00 h. Data from two different nests with nestling of 7 days old are represented from A) Spain and B) Germany.
Data from: Metabarcoding of trap nests reveals differential impact of urbanization on cavity-nesting bee and wasp communities
<p><span>Urbanization is affecting arthropod communities worldwide, for example by changing the availability of food resources. However, the strength and direction of a community's response are species-specific and depend on the species' trophic level. Here, we investigated interacting species at different trophic levels in nests of cavity-nesting bees and wasps along two urbanization gradients in four German cities using trap nests. We analyzed bee and wasp diversity and their trophic interaction partners by metabarcoding the DNA of bee pollen and preyed arthropods found in wasp nests. We found that the pollen richness increased with increasing distance from city centers and at sites characterized by a high percentage of impervious and developed surfaces, while the richness of pollinators was unaffected by urbanization. In contrast, species richness of wasps, but not their arthropod prey, was highest at sites with low levels of urbanization. However, the community structure of wasp prey changed with urbanization at both local and regional scales. Throughout the study area, the community of wasps consisted of specialists, while bee species were generalists. Our results suggest that Hymenoptera and their food resources are negatively affected by increasing urbanization. However, to understand the distribution patterns of both, wasps and bees in urban settings other factors besides food availability should be considered.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Rocky Nests Are Better Nesting Sites Than Woodpecker Cavities For The Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta Tephronota
Fig. 2. Distribution of the Eastern Rock Nuthatch brood sizes. White – size of clutch (N = 27), gray – number of hatched nestlings (N = 22), black – number of fledglings (N = 20)
Fig. 1. Sitta tephronota egg laying phenology for Fig. 3 in Rocky Nests Are Better Nesting Sites Than Woodpecker Cavities For The Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta Tephronota
Fig. 1. Sitta tephronota egg laying phenology for Fig. 3. Sitta tephronota fledglings' phespecific 5-day periods during the breeding sea- nology for specific 5-day periods dur- son (N broods = 27) ing the breeding season (N broods = 21)
Fig. 6 in Rocky Nests Are Better Nesting Sites Than Woodpecker Cavities For The Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta Tephronota
Fig. 6. Distribution of number of hatched Fig. 7. Distribution of number of fledglings nestlings noted in the Sitta tephronota suc- noted in Sitta tephronota successful broods cessful broods located in tree nests (white, located in tree nests (white, N = 10) and N = 12) and rocky nests (gray, N = 10) rocky nests (gray, N = 10)
Fig. 4 in Rocky Nests Are Better Nesting Sites Than Woodpecker Cavities For The Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta Tephronota
Fig. 4. Correlation of the number of eggs in Fig. 5. Distribution of clutch sizes noted in clutch in relation to the number of hatched the Sitta tephronota broods located in tree nestlings in successful nest recorded in nests (white, N = 16) and rocky nests (gray, Sitta tephronota broods (N broods = 22). The N = 11) size of the circles corresponds to the number of cases from 1 to 3
Fig. 1 in Nest Entry Shape Change May Cause Nest Abandonment In Urban Cavity-Nesting Species: A Case Study Of The Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (left) and examples of Tree Sparrow nests at the study sites (right). Site 1: Agricultural Practical Training Center, Chonnam National University,
Bee Tracker – an open-source machine-learning based video analysis software for the assessment of nesting and foraging performance of cavity-nesting solitary bees
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Data from: Metabarcoding of trap nests reveals differential impact of urbanization on cavity-nesting bee and wasp communities
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Rural children know cavity-nesting birds of the Atlantic Forest but may underappreciate their critical habitat
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Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
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Data from: Sound settlement: noise surpasses land cover in explaining breeding habitat selection of secondary cavity-nesting birds
Birds breeding in heterogeneous landscapes select nest sites by cueing in on a variety of factors from landscape features and social information to the presence of natural enemies. We focus on determining the relative impact of anthropogenic noise on nest site occupancy, compared to amount of forest cover, which is known to strongly influence the selection process. We examine chronic, industrial noise from natural gas wells directly measured at the nest box as well as site-averaged noise, using a well-established field experimental system in northwestern New Mexico. We hypothesized that high levels of noise, both at the nest site and in the environment, would decrease nest box occupancy. We set up nest boxes using a geospatially paired control and experimental site design and analyzed four years of occupancy data from four secondary cavity-nesting birds common to the Colorado Plateau. We found different effects of noise and landscape features depending on species, with strong effects of noise observed in breeding habitat selection of Myiarchus cinerascens, the Ash-throated Flycatcher, and Sialia currucoides, the Mountain Bluebird. In contrast, the amount of forest cover less frequently explained habitat selection for those species or had a smaller standardized effect than the acoustic environment. Although forest cover characterization and management is commonly employed by natural resource managers, our results show that characterizing and managing the acoustic environment should be an important tool in protected area management.
Data from: Fitness consequences of interspecific nesting associations among cavity-nesting birds
Interspecific aggregations of prey may provide benefits by mitigating predation risk, but they can also create costs if they increase competition for resources or are more easily detectable by predators. Variation in predation risk and resource availability may influence the occurrence and fitness effects of aggregating in nature. Yet, tests of such possibilities are lacking. Cavity nesting birds provide an interesting test case. They compete aggressively for resources and experience low nest predation rates, which might predict dispersion, but we found they commonly aggregate by sharing nest trees across 19 years of study. Tree sharing was more common when aspen were more abundant and somewhat more common in years with higher nest predation risk. Nest success was higher in shared trees when nest predation risk was higher than average. Ultimately, the costs and benefits of aggregating (nest tree sharing) varied across years and we outline hypotheses for future studies.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.