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191 results for “cell division”
Identification and characterization of the cell division protein MapZ of Streptococcus suis
<p>Supplementary data and code related to the manuscript "Identification and characterization of the cell division protein MapZ of <em>Streptococcus suis</em>".</p>
AGO2 localises to cytokinetic protrusions in a p38 dependent manner and is needed for accurate cell division.
<p>Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, operating at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. It is compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using immunofluorescence, image- and bioinformatic analysis and cytogenetics that AGO2 also resides in membrane protrusions such as open- and close-ended tubes. The latter are cytokinetic bridges where AGO2 colocalizes at the midbody-arms with cytoskeletal components such as α-Τubulin and Aurora B and various kinases. AGO2, phosphorylated on serine 387 is located together with Dicer at the midbody ring in a manner dependent on p38 MAPK activity. We further show that AGO2 is stress sensitive and important to ensure the proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic fidelity. We suggest that AGO2 is part of a regulatory mechanism triggered by cytokinetic stress to generate the appropriate micro-environment for local transcript homeostasis.</p> <p><br> Statement: AGO2 resides in open-ended tunneling nanotubes and close-ended cytokinetic bridges. At the latter location AGO2 colocalises with cell division components and the authors show that AGO2 deregulation impairs cell division fidelity.</p>
Accelerated cell divisions drive the outgrowth of the regenerating spinal cord in axolotls - Supplementary file 1
<p>Tiff stack of individual high-resolution images that are shown in Figure 1 – figure supplement 1 (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59817">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59817</a>). It can be opened with Fiji or ImageJ.</p> <p>For details see:</p> <p>Rost, F, Albors, AR, Mazurov, V, Brusch, L, Deutsch, A, Tanaka, EM, Chara, O. 2016. Accelerated cell divisions drive the outgrowth of the regenerating spinal cord in axolotls. <em>bioRxiv</em> 67785. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/067785">10.1101/067785</a>.</p>
Oneat division model for Hela cells
<p>Trained models for hela cells for the bright field channel for locating mitosis events. Provided is an example dataset for bright field image and its corresponding model that can be used using the notebook here: https://github.com/Kapoorlabs-CAPED/CAPED-AI-oneat</p> <p> </p> <p>Made by oneat software, pip install oneat for training of such datasets.</p> <p> </p> <p>Original data published by Romain Guiet at https://zenodo.org/record/6139958#.YmAh1NpBxhG</p>
Fig. 9. T. thermophila cells immunostained with monoclonal anti-cdc14A in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 9. T. thermophila cells immunostained with monoclonal anti-cdc14A antibody. Cs and nCS – apical couplets of basal bodies for proter and opisthe, respectively; Ma – macronucleus. Other explanations as in Figs 1 and 8. Bar: 10 µm, bar in D for B–D.
Fig. 7. T. thermophila cells immunostained with the antiserum against component B in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 7. T. thermophila cells immunostained with the antiserum against component B of epiplasm. DF – staining around the deep fibers. Other explanations as in Fig. 1. Bar: 10 µm.
Fig. 2 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 2. Localization of nuclei in control and roscovitine treated T. tetrmophila. The cells were immunostained with the anti-centrin 20H5 antibody and stained with DAPI. A and B – control cells in the VI stage of morphogenesis, and early cytokinesis, respectively; C and D – roscovitine treated cells (4 h) in the VI stage of morphogenesis and in cytokinesis respectively. Arrows – micronuclei (in the C micronucleus in opisthe is out of focus). Bar: 10 µm.
Fig. 4. Postdivider cells after 5.5 h in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 4. Postdivider cells after 5.5 h of roscovitine treatment. Cells were immunostained with anti-centrin 20H5 antibody. A and A' – ventral and dorsal views of the same proter cell with remnants of the OA2; B–C opisthe cells, B – opisthe with ARF on dorsal side, C – opisthe with remnants of oral structures; D and D' – ventral and dorsal views of the same cell; E and E' – ventral and dorsal views of the same opisthe during pinching off the OA. Other explanations as in Fig. 1. Bar: 10 µm for A–E'.
Fig. 5 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 5. Mean cell sizes, positions of OA1, OA2 and fission zone in control and in roscovitine treated cells. Upper panel: early and late control dividers, lower panel: early dividers after 3.5 h roscovitine treatment, late dividers after 3.5 and 5.5 h roscovitine treatment. The shape of cells is represented by elipses. Solid horizontal lines – cells "equator", dotted horizontal lines – positions of the fission furrow. All sizes and distances were drawn to the same scale. Bar: 10 µm. The measurements represent means of at least 10 specimens for each cell sample.
Fig. 6 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 6. Correlation of length of proters and shift of the fission zone in relation to OA2 induced by roscovitine in late dividers. The shift of the fission zone was measured as a difference between length of the proters and distance from cell apex to the anterior end of the OA2 (ordinate). Each point in this diagram represent individual cell. Open symbols – untreated cells, close symbols – cells treated with roscovitine for 3.5 and 5.5 h (pooled).
Fig. 10 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 10. Western blot of T. thermophila fractions with monoclonal antibody anti-cdc14A. H – homogenate, S – supernatant, C – cortical fraction (pellet).
Active cell divisions generate fourfold orientationally ordered phase in living tissue
<p>Morphogenesis, the process through which genes generate form, establishes tissue scale order as a template for constructing the complex shapes of the body plan. The extensive growth required to build these ordered substrates is fuelled by cell proliferation, which, naively, should destroy order. Understanding how active morphogenetic mechanisms couple cellular and mechanical processes to generate order — rather than annihilate it — remains an outstanding question in animal development. We show that cell divisions are the primary drivers of tissue flow leading to a fourfold orientationally ordered phase. Waves of anisotropic cell proliferation propagate across the embryo with precise patterning. Defects introduced into the nascent lattice by cell divisions are moved out of the tissue bulk towards the boundary by subsequent divisions. Specific cell proliferation rates and orientations enable cell divisions to organize rather than fluidize the tissue. We observe this using live imaging and tissue cartography to analyse the dynamics of fourfold tissue ordering in the trunk segmental ectoderm of the crustacean <em>Parhyale hawaiensis</em> beginning 72 hours after egg laying. The result is a robust, active mechanism for generating global orientational order in a non-equilibrium system that sets the stage for the subsequent development of shape and form.</p>
Stiffness transitions in new walls post-cell division differ between Marchantia polymorpha gemmae and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
<p>Plant morphogenesis is governed by the mechanics of the cell wall–a stiff and thin polymeric box that encloses the cells. The cell wall is a highly dynamic composite material. New cell walls are added during cell division. As the cells continue to grow, the properties of cell walls are modulated to undergo significant changes in shape and size without breakage. Spatial and temporal variations in cell wall mechanical properties have been observed. However, how they<br> relate to cell division remains an outstanding question. Here we combine time-lapse imaging with local mechanical measurements via atomic force microscopy to systematically map the cell wall’s age and growth, with their stiffness. We make use of two systems, <em>M. polymorpha</em> gemmae, and <em>A. thaliana</em> leaves. We first characterise the growth and cell division of <em>M. polymorpha</em> gemmae. We then demonstrate that cell division in <em>M. polymorpha</em> gemmae results in<br> the generation of a temporary stiffer and slower growing new wall. In contrast, this transient phenomenon is absent in <em>A. thaliana</em> leaves. We provide evidence that this different temporal behaviour has a direct impact on the local cell geometry via changes in the junction angle. These results are expected to pave the way for developing more realistic plant morphogenetic models and to advance the study into the impact of cell division on tissue growth.</p>
Active cell divisions generate fourfold orientationally ordered phase in living tissue
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Effect of local topography on cell division of Staphylococci sp.
<p><strong>Dataset.zip</strong></p> <p>This dataset includes the raw and annotated images used to train a Stardist 2D deep learning model for segmentation of surface attached <em>S.aureus</em> as described in <em>Effect of local topography on cell division of Staphylococci sp.</em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Stardist2d_Model.zip</strong></p> <p>Stardist 2D deep learning model for segmentation of surface attached <em>S.aureus, </em>obtained using the StarDist 2D ZeroCostDL4Mic notebook (v 1.12.3).</p>
Molecular-scale substrate anisotropy, crowding, and division drive collective behaviors in cell monolayers
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A look beyond topography: transient phenomena of Escherichia coli cell division captured with high-speed in-line force mapping
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Data from: Division of functional roles for termite gut protists revealed by single-cell transcriptomes
<p>The microbiome in the hindgut of wood-feeding termites comprises various species of bacteria, archaea, and protists. This gut community is indispensable for the termite, which thrives solely on recalcitrant and nitrogen-poor wood. However, the difficulty in culturing these microorganisms has hindered our understanding of the function of each species in the gut. Although protists predominate in the termite gut microbiome and play a major role in wood digestion, very few culture-independent studies have explored the contribution of each species to digestion. Here, we report single-cell transcriptomes of four protists species comprising the protist population in worldwide pest <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em>. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression patterns of the genes involved in wood digestion were different among species, reinforcing their division of roles in wood degradation. Transcriptomes, together with enzyme assays, also suggested that one of the protists, <em>Cononympha leidyi</em>, actively degrades chitin and assimilates it into amino acids. We propose that C. leidyi contributes to nitrogen recycling and inhibiting infection from entomopathogenic fungi through chitin degradation. Two of the genes for chitin degradation were further revealed to be acquired via lateral gene transfer (LGT) implying the importance of LGT in the evolution of symbiosis. Our single-cell-based approach successfully characterized the function of each protist in termite hindgut and explained why the gut community includes multiple species.</p>
Unique mode of cell division by the mycobacterial genetic resister clones emerging de novo from the antibiotic surviving population
<p>Live cell and timelapse microscopic images of the cells taken from different time points post antibiotic (Rifampicin and Moxifloxacin) exposure. The cells post antibiotic exposure, during their regrowth, showed multiple constriction to divide and generate sister antibiotic resister daughter cells with abrupt increased cell number within less division time by multiple septation. The phenomena of multiple septation can be seen in Miscellaneous Figures (MF. 1-4) and Miscellaneous Movies (MF. 1-4). </p>
Accelerated cell divisions drive the outgrowth of the regenerating spinal cord in axolotls - Supplementary file 2
><p>Zip archives containing all raw images used for the clone tracking (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59824">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59824</a>). Images for each individual animal are in separate zip archives. Zip archive file names correspond to the arbitrarily chosen animal IDs used in the clone trajectory dataset (see supplementary notebook "clone_velocities"). The image filename indicates the time point of the measurement together with the animal ID. A representative example is shown in Figure 2I. The image files can be opened with AxioVision Microscopy software (Zeiss)."</p> <p>For details see:</p> <p>Rost, F, Albors, AR, Mazurov, V, Brusch, L, Deutsch, A, Tanaka, EM, Chara, O. 2016. Accelerated cell divisions drive the outgrowth of the regenerating spinal cord in axolotls. <em>bioRxiv</em> 67785. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/067785">10.1101/067785</a>.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.