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12 results for “chemodiversity”
Data from: Inter-laboratory comparison of plant volatile analyses in the light of intra-specific chemodiversity
<p>Data for: Inter-laboratory comparison of plant volatile analyses in the light of intra-specific chemodiversity</p>
Data from: Chemodiversity affects preference for Tanacetum vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species
<p>Plants of the same species can strongly differ in their specialized metabolite profiles, which can affect insect presence and abundance in the field. However, how specialized chemistry shapes plant attractiveness to herbivorous insects is not fully understood. Here, we used common tansy (<em>Tanacetum vulgare</em> L., Asteraceae) – a perennial plant that is highly diverse in terpenoid composition and is known to have variable chemotypes – to test whether 1) plants with different chemotype profiles differ in attractiveness to two specialist aphid species, <em>Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria</em> and <em>Uroleucon tanaceti</em>, in pairwise choice assays; 2) the diversity of the terpenoid blend affects plant attractiveness to aphids; 3) how plant chemical traits relate to plant morphological traits and which traits best explain aphid preference. We found that <em>M. tanacetaria</em> preferred two out of five chemotypes, dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and β-trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, while avoiding a chemotype dominated by α-pinene/sabinene. <em>Uroleucon tanaceti</em> showed no clear preference towards chemotypes, but when given a choice between chemotypes dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and by α-pinene/sabinene, they preferred the former. Importantly, plant attractiveness to aphids was marginally negatively correlated with chemodiversity, i.e., the number of terpenoid compounds, in <em>M. tanacetaria</em>, but not in <em>U. tanaceti</em>. Interestingly, the relative concentration and number of terpenoids were generally higher in larger and bushier plants. Hence, we did not observe a tradeoff between plant growth and defence. We conclude that plant chemical composition affects plant attractiveness to aphids and hence may contribute to variation in natural aphid colonization patterns on plants of the same species.</p>
Data from: Chemodiversity affects preference for Tanacetum vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species
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Data from: Intraspecific plant chemodiversity at plot level has contrasting effects on arthropod functional groups
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Genome sequencing of four culinary herbs reveals terpenoid genes underlying chemodiversity in the Nepetoideae
<p>Species within the mint family, Lamiaceae, are widely used for their culinary, cultural, and medicinal properties due to production of a wide variety of specialized metabolites, especially terpenoids. To further our understanding of genome diversity in the Lamiaceae and to provide a resource for mining biochemical pathways, we generated high-quality genome assemblies of four economically important culinary herbs, namely, sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum </i>L<i>.</i>), sweet marjoram (<i>Origanum majorana </i>L.), oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare </i>L<i>.</i>), and rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis </i>L<i>.</i>), and characterized their terpenoid diversity through metabolite profiling and genomic analyses. A total 25 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes were identified in leaf tissue from the four species. Genes encoding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of precursors for mono- and sesqui-terpene synthases were identified in all four species. Across all four species, a total of 235 terpene synthases were identified, ranging from 27 in <i>O. majorana</i> to 137 in the tetraploid <i>O. basilicum</i>. This study provides valuable resources for further investigation of the genetic basis of chemodiversity in these important culinary herbs.</p>
Disentangling drivers of mudflat intertidal DOM chemodiversity using ecological models
<p><span><span>Microorganisms consume and transform dissolved organic matter (DOM) into various forms.</span></span><span><span> </span><span>However, it remains unclear whether the ecological patterns and drivers of DOM chemodiversity are analogous to those of microbial communities. </span></span><span>Here, a large-scale investigation was conducted along the Chinese coasts to resolve </span><span>the intrinsic linkages among the complex intertidal DOM pools, microbial communities and environmental heterogeneity</span><span>. The abundance of DOM molecular formulae best fitted log-normal distribution and followed Taylor’s Law. </span><span>Distance-decay relationships were observed for labile molecular formulae, while latitudinal diversity gradients were noted for recalcitrant molecular formulae.</span><span> </span><span>Latitudinal patterns were also observed for DOM molecular features. </span><span>Negative cohesion, bacterial diversity, and molecular traits were the main drivers of DOM chemodiversity. Stochasticity analyses demonstrated that determinism dominantly shaped the DOM compositional variations. This study unveils the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the intertidal DOM chemodiversity and microbial communities from ecological perspectives, deepening our understanding of microbially driven chemical ecology.</span></p>
Genome sequencing of four culinary herbs reveals terpenoid genes underlying chemodiversity in the Nepetoideae
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Data from: Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in the Amazon Basin
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Figure 3 from: Müller C, Bräutigam A, Eilers EJ, Junker RR, Schnitzler J-P, Steppuhn A, Unsicker SB, van Dam NM, Weisser WW, Wittmann MJ (2020) Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e49810. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e49810
Figure 3 Scheme of the collaborative ring trial within the RU. For details see text. C – control; H – herbivore-treated.
Figure 1 from: Müller C, Bräutigam A, Eilers EJ, Junker RR, Schnitzler J-P, Steppuhn A, Unsicker SB, van Dam NM, Weisser WW, Wittmann MJ (2020) Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e49810. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e49810
Figure 1 Conceptual framework of the proposed RU on the ecology and evolution of intraspecific plant chemodiversity. We will study chemical variation in different plant parts (flowers, nectar, pollen, leaves, phloem sap; roots will be included in a potential second funding period), among plant individuals within populations and among populations (left) as well as consequences on the plant-associated community (right) over space and time. The projects will focus on the tree Populus nigra and the herbs Solanum dulcamara and Tanacetum vulgare (lower panel, from left to right).
Figure 2 from: Müller C, Bräutigam A, Eilers EJ, Junker RR, Schnitzler J-P, Steppuhn A, Unsicker SB, van Dam NM, Weisser WW, Wittmann MJ (2020) Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants. Research Ideas and Outcomes 6: e49810. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.6.e49810
Figure 2 Parallel research approaches in individual project parts and synergies of this RU.
Bacteria rather than fungi mediate the chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in a mudflat intertidal zone
<p>Sediment samples were collected from a mudflat intertidal zone (120.75 °E, 36.46 °N) located in Qingdao, China. A nested sector sampling scheme was designed to investigate the DOM chemodiversity and its associations with biotic and abiotic factors. Specifically, the circular center of the sector (quarter circle) was located on the mudflat between the highest and lowest tide levels, and the radii of the nested sectors were 5m, 10m, 20m, 50m, 100m and 200m. A total of 13 sediment samples were collected after the tide had retreated when the sediment was exposed to the air. For each sample, five surface sediment cores (~15 cm depth) were collected, homogenized and immediately placed in ice boxes before transporting to the laboratory. The chemical composition of DOM was determined by SPE-ESI for 13 samples.</p>
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