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715 results for “cichlid”
Data from: Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of cyp27c1 expression
<p>Code and Data associated with "Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of <em>cyp27c1</em> expression"</p> <h2><span>Abstract</span></h2> <p><span>The wide-ranging photic conditions found across aquatic habitats may act as selective pressures potentially driving rapid evolution and diversity in the visual system of teleost fishes. Fine-tuning of visual sensitivities in many fish species relies on regulating the two components of visual pigments, the opsin protein and the chromophore. Many studies have focused on opsin gene expression or opsin sequence divergence in fishes inhabiting contrasting habitats. However, variation in chromophore usage across photic habitats has received less attention. Species from the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid complex, <em>Amphilophus </em>cf <em>citrinellus </em>[Günther 1864], have independently colonized seven isolated crater lakes of varying photic conditions resulting in repeated examples of small adaptive radiations. Here, we investigate variation in <em>cyp27c1</em>, the main enzyme involved in chromophore exchange, in response to photic environments in the wild, we measure its genetic component using laboratory-reared fish and test the effect of different rearing light conditions on <em>cyp27c1</em> expression. We found that photic environments significantly predict variation in <em>cyp27c1</em> expression in wild populations and that this variation seems to be genetically assimilated in two populations. We found that light-induced <em>cyp27c1</em> expression is variable across populations (i.e., genotype-by-environment interactions) and correlated with local photic conditions thus highlighting <em>cyp27c1</em> as a key factor of visual ecology in cichlid fishes.</span></p> <p><span>Keywords: <em>cyp27c1 </em>gene expression, sensory ecology, visual plasticity, Neotropical cichlids </span></p>
Facial and body colouration is linked to social rank in the African cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni
<p>These are raw data files for our publication studying animal colouration and behaviour in an African cichlid, <em>Astatotilapia burtoni</em>. </p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract<br>Animal colouration is important for social communication within conspecifics to signal threats to competitors or fitness to possible mates. Social status and animal colouration are covarying traits that are plastic in response to dynamic environments. In the African cichlid, Astatotilapia burtoni, body colouration and behaviour have been reported to vary with social rank. However, the nature of the interaction between these two traits is poorly understood. We hypothesise that colouration patterns could be linked to the behavioural repertoires underlying social status and situated across regions of interest on the cichlid body plan. To test this hypothesis, we generated Territorial and Non-territorial males and employed computer vision tools to quantify and visualise patterns/colour enrichment associated with stereotyped Territorial/Non-Territorial male behaviour. We report colour-behaviour interactions localised in specific areas of the body and face for two colour morphs, illustrating a more nuanced view of social behaviour and colouration. Since behavioural and morphological variation are key drivers of selection in the East African Great Rift Lakes, we surmise our data may be translatable to other cichlid lineages and underline the importance of trait covariance in sexual selection and male competition.</p>
Fig. 2 in Changes in digestive enzymes activities during the initial ontogeny of wolf cichlid, Parachromis dovii (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
Fig. 2. Digestive proteolytic enzyme activity during ontogeny of Parachromis dovii larvae (means ± SD, n= 3 replicates). (a) specific acid proteolytic activity, (b) specific alkaline proteolytic activity, (c) specific trypsin activity, (d) specific chymo- trypsin activity, (e) specific leucine-aminopeptidase activity, (f) specific carboxypeptidase A activity.
Fig. 3 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 3. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) frequencies of a. restrained aggression and b. overt aggression of group-housed fish. Different letters show differences among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Fig. 1 in Temperature affects the hypoxia tolerance of neotropical Cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis
Fig. 1. Malate Dehydrogenase enzyme activity of Geophagus brasiliensis exposed to normoxic (90% oxygen saturation) and hypoxia (20% oxygen saturation) conditions for 8 hours at 20°C, 24°C and 28°C. a. in liver; b. in white muscle; and c. in heart. Asterisks indicates significant differences between treatments at the same temperature, p <0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences for the same treatment at the temperatures studied, p <0.05.
Fig. 3 in Temperature affects the hypoxia tolerance of neotropical Cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis
Fig. 3. Citrate Synthase enzyme activity of Geophagus brasiliensis exposed to normoxic (90% oxygen saturation) and hypoxic (20% oxygen saturation) conditions for 8 hours at 20°C, 24°C and 28°C. a. in liver; b. in white muscle; and c. in heart. Asterisks indicates significant differences between treatments at the same temperature, p <0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences for the same treatment at the temperatures studied, p <0.05.
Fig. 1 in A new species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae), an ectoparasite from the endemic Iranocichla hormuzensis (Teleostei, Cichlidae), the only Iranian cichlid
Fig. 1. Gyrodactylus jalalii sp. nov. A. whole mount. B. male copulatory organ. C. marginal hook. D. anchor-bar complex. E. anchor. Scale bars represent 50 µm (whole mount), 10 µm (marginal hook, MCO) or 30 µm (anchor, anchor-bar complex).
FIGURE 2 in cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa
FIGURE 2. Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus, male, aquarium specimen, not preserved, Guinea: Kolente region.
FIGURE 5. Pelvicachromis signatus, holotype. ZMA 109.959 in cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa
FIGURE 5. Pelvicachromis signatus, holotype. ZMA 109.959, male, 72.3 mm SL; Guinea: Kolente basin, Bandi River, route Kangasili – Sougeta.
FIGURE 7 in cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa
FIGURE 7. Pelvicachromis signatus, female, aquarium specimen, not preserved, Guinea: Kolente region.
FIGURE 3 in cichlid species (Teleostei, Perciformes) from Guinea, West Africa
FIGURE 3. Pelvicachromis rubrolabiatus, female, aquarium specimen, not preserved, Guinea: Kolente region.
Testing alternative hypotheses for the decline of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria using fish fossils time series from sediment cores
<p>Lake Victoria is well known for its high diversity of endemic fish species that provide livelihoods for millions of people. The lake garnered widespread attention during the twentieth century as major environmental and ecological changes modified the fish community with the extinction of ~40% of endemic cichlid species by the 1980s. Suggested causal factors include anthropogenic eutrophication, fishing, and introduced non-native species but their relative importance remains unresolved because monitoring data started in the 1970s when changes were already underway. Here, for the first time, we reconstruct two time series, covering the last ~200 years, of fish assemblage using fish teeth preserved in lake sediments. Two sediment cores Lake Victoria (Mwanza Gulf), were subsampled continuously at intra-decadal resolution, and teeth were identified to major taxa: Cyprinoidea, Haplochromini, Mochokidae, and Oreochromini. None of the fossils could be confidently assigned to non-native Nile Perch. Our data show significant decreases in haplochromine and oreochromine cichlid fish abundances began long before Nile Perch's arrival, while cyprinoids have generally been increasing. Our study is the first to reconstruct a time series of fish assemblage in Lake Victoria extending deeper back in time than the past 50 years, helping shed light on processes underlying Lake Victoria's biodiversity loss.</p>
Data from: Turbidity drives plasticity in the eyes and brains of an African cichlid
<p>Natural variation in environmental turbidity correlates with variation in the visual sensory system of many fishes, suggesting that turbidity may act as a strong selective agent on visual systems. Since many aquatic systems experience increased turbidity due to anthropogenic perturbations, it is important to understand the degree to which fish can respond to rapid shifts in their visual environment, and whether such responses can occur within the lifetime of an individual. We examined if developmental exposure to turbidity (Clear <5 NTU, Turbid ~9 NTU) influenced the size of morphological structures associated with vision in the African cichlid <em>Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor</em>. Parental fish were collected from two sites (clear swamp, turbid river) in western Uganda. F1 broods from each population were split and reared under clear and turbid rearing treatments until maturity. We measured morphological traits associated with the visual sensory system (eye diameter, pupil diameter, axial length, brain mass, optic tectum volume) over the course of development. Age was significant in explaining variation in visual traits even when standardized for body size, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in the relative size of eyes and brains. When age groups were analyzed separately, young fish reared in turbid water grew larger eyes than fish reared in clear conditions. Population was important in the older age category, with swamp-origin fish having relatively larger eyes and optic lobes relative to river-origin fish. Plastic responses during development of fish may be important in responding to a more variable visual environment associated with anthropogenically induced turbidity.</p>
Impacts of Quaternary climatic changes on the diversification of riverine cichlids in the lower Congo River
<p>Climatic and geomorphological changes during the Quaternary period impacted global patterns of speciation and diversification across a wide range of taxa, but few studies have examined these effects on African riverine fishes. The lower Congo River is an excellent natural laboratory for understanding complex speciation and population diversification processes as it is hydrologically extremely dynamic and recognized as a continental hotspot of diversity harboring many narrowly endemic species. A previous study using genome-wide SNP data highlighted the importance of dynamic hydrological regimes to the diversification and speciation in lower Congo River cichlids. However, historical climate and hydrological changes (e.g., reduced river discharge during extended dry periods) have likely also influenced ichthyofaunal diversification processes in this system. The lower Congo River offers a unique opportunity to study climate-driven changes in river discharge, given the massive volume of water from the entire Congo basin flowing through this short stretch of the river. Here, we, for the first time, investigate the impacts of paleoclimatic factors on ichthyofaunal diversification in this system by inferring divergence times and modeling patterns of gene flow in four endemic lamprologine cichlids, including the blind cichlid, <em>Lamprologus lethops</em>.</p>
Relaxed feeding constraints facilitate the evolution of mouthbrooding in Neotropical cichlids
<p>Multifunctionality is often framed as a core constraint of phenotypic evolution. Mouthbrooding, a form of parental care where offspring develop inside a parent's mouth, increases multifunctionality by adding a major function (reproduction) to a structure already serving other vital functions (feeding and respiration). Despite increasing multifunctionality, mouthbrooding has evolved repeatedly from other forms of parental care in at least 7 fish families. We hypothesized that mouthbrooding is more likely to evolve in lineages with feeding adaptations that are already advantageous for mouthbrooding. We tested this hypothesis in Neotropical cichlids, where mouthbrooding has evolved 4–5 times, largely within winnowing clades, providing several pairwise comparisons between substrate brooding and mouthbrooding sister taxa. We found that the mouthbrooding transition rate was 15 times higher in winnowing than in non-winnowing clades, and that mouthbrooders and winnowers overlapped substantially in their buccal cavity morphologies, which is where offspring are incubated. Species that exhibit one or both of these behaviors had larger, more curved buccal cavities, while species that exhibit neither behavior had narrow, cylindrical buccal cavities. Given the results we present here, we propose a new model for the evolution of mouthbrooding, integrating the roles of multifunctional morphology and the environment.</p>
Fig. 1 in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity
Fig. 1. Coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil showing the Patos-Mirim lagoon complex (a) and the location of the four sampling sites where the specimens of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis were collected (b).
Fig. 3. a in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity
Fig. 3. a: Percentage of empty stomachs (PES) according to sexual maturity (immature and mature) and gender (female and male). b: Mean values (+ standard error) of the total food content expressed in volume (log10(x+1) transformed) in the digestive tract of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis.
Fig. 2 in Diet and food consumption of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae): relationships with gender and sexual maturity
Fig. 2. Volume (%, black bars) and frequency of occurrence (%, gray bars) of the main food categories found in the digestive tracts of the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis.
Fig. 8 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga &
Fig. 7 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 7. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars:
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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