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119 results for “cilia”
Short-Exposure Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cilia
<p>Noisy and pseudo ground-truth short-exposure transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Cilia used to obtain the results depicted in Fig. 3 in the paper "Zero-Shot Denoising of Microscopy Images Recorded at High-Resolution Limits" (Salwig & Drefs et al., 2024). The images were derived based on a dataset provided upon personal communication with the authors of the paper "Denoising of Short Exposure Transmission Electron Microscopy Images For Ultrastructural Enhancement" (Bajíc et al., 2018). </p> <p>The original dataset consisted of a sequence of 100 noisy short-exposure TEM images of a scene showing a cilium. The images had a resolution of 2048 × 2048 pixels, and each image depicted a slightly shifted version of the scene. The file pseudo-ground-truth.tif was obtained by first aligning all images of the sequence using rigid registration (Marstal et al., 2016) and subsequently computing the pixel-wise median (following a procedure discussed in Bajíc et al., 2018). The file noisy.tif was obtained by randomly selecting one image from the sequence (the 91st image).</p> <p>The images are stored in 16 bit TIF format. For visualization, use an image viewer capable of reading 16 bit images (e.g. ImageJ).</p>
Cilia density and flow velocity affect alignment of motile cilia from brain cells
<p>Here we store the supplementary Materials and Methods for the publication Cilia density and flow velocity affect alignment of motile cilia from brain cells.</p> <p>In the Supplementary methods we included additional information on the hydrodynamic simulations. </p> <p>Video1 and Video2 are videos referenced in the main text of the paper</p> <p>In the archive 'raw data and code.tar' , we provide raw images and codes to support the article.The complete dataset of raw images is more than 1 Tb. Here we are limited to 50Gb. The full dataset is available upon request.<br> <br> We choose to provide a full dataset of two culture at DIV 16, one treated with shear flow and a control without flow.</p> <p>For each of the two cultures, the videos with propelled particles are in the directory FL,<br> The bright field images without particles are stored in BF. Unfortunately we uploaded only few videos because of their large size. The results of the analysis of this dataset is reported in the directory analysis (available for each culture).</p> <p>Moreover we provide the code to analyse these data.<br> The analysis routine:</p> <p>Step 1: for each field of view (fov) getting the cilia beating direction from the FL images. This is done with PIV. The code is Step1_PIVanalysis.mat</p> <p>Step 2: for each fov getting ciliated cell position and CBF from the BF movies. Gather the cilia beating direction and cilia posion and frequency in a unique figure and matlab class (Res.mat). This is done in Step2_gatherResults.mat</p> <p>The results of these analysis are stored in the analysis folder for each culture.</p> <p>These routines are repeated for each experiment and results are then plotted to get trends. In the folder code4figures we report the code that we used to make the figures in the papers starting from a matlab file "all_results*.mat", where are gathered all the analysis.</p> <p>The code may improve in the future with more comments. please check Nicola's github page for the latest update. Please contact us for any problem. https://github.com/NicolaPellicciotta/Code4-Cilia-density-and-flow-velocity-affect-alignment-of-motile-cilia-from-brain-cells</p> <p>All the raw videos and code are in the archive.</p> <p> </p>
Рис. 6. Поперечные (А–Е, З, И) и продольный (Ж) среЗы череЗ органы пиЩеварительной системы моллюска: А – меШок кристаллического стебелька, Б, В – петли киШки, Г, Д – часть желудка с длинными складками на дорсальной части стенки, Е, З – петли киШки с тифлоЗолем, И – боковаЯ часть тифлоЗолЯ. МасШтабные линейки 300 мкм (Е, З, И), 200 мкм (А, В, Г, Д), 40 мкм (Б). мс – меШок кристаллического стебелька, Кс – кристаллический стебелек, Р – реснички, т – тифлоЗоль, lp – lamina propria, г – гемолимфа. Fig. 6. Transverse (А–Е, З, И) and saggital (Ж) sections of the digestive organs: А – crystalline style sac, Б, В – intestinal limbs, Г, Д – part of the stomach with long plicae on the dorsal wall, Е, З – intestinal limbs with typhlosole, И – lateral part of the typhlosole. Scale bars 300 µm (Е, З, И), 200 µm (А, В, Г, Д), 40 µm (B). мс – style sac, Кс – crystalline style, Р – cilia, т – typhlosole, lp – lamina propria, г – hemolymph. in Nodularia vladivostokensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Razdolnaya River (Primorye, Russia)
Рис. 6. Поперечные (А–Е, З, И) и продольный (Ж) среЗы череЗ органы пиЩеварительной системы моллюска: А – меШок кристаллического стебелька, Б, В – петли киШки, Г, Д – часть желудка с длинными складками на дорсальной части стенки, Е, З – петли киШки с тифлоЗолем, И – боковаЯ часть тифлоЗолЯ. МасШтабные линейки 300 мкм (Е, З, И), 200 мкм (А, В, Г, Д), 40 мкм (Б). мс – меШок кристаллического стебелька, Кс – кристаллический стебелек, Р – реснички, т – тифлоЗоль, lp – lamina propria, г – гемолимфа. Fig. 6. Transverse (А–Е, З, И) and saggital (Ж) sections of the digestive organs: А – crystalline style sac, Б, В – intestinal limbs, Г, Д – part of the stomach with long plicae on the dorsal wall, Е, З – intestinal limbs with typhlosole, И – lateral part of the typhlosole. Scale bars 300 µm (Е, З, И), 200 µm (А, В, Г, Д), 40 µm (B). мс – style sac, Кс – crystalline style, Р – cilia, т – typhlosole, lp – lamina propria, г – hemolymph.
Figure 3 in The function of ciliopathy protein FOP on cilia and cortical microtubule cytoskeleton in Euplotes amieti
Figure 3. Protein loss and motility changes after RNAi. (A) Relative expression of basal body-associated protein BBS8. **P <0.01 vs the blank group, n = 3. (B) Relative expression of cilia assembly-related protein IFT88. **P <0.01 vs the blank group, n = 3. (C) Relative expression of basal body protein γ-tubulin. (D) The swimming tracks of Euplotes amieti during RNAi. The swimming speeds (n = 20). The FOPRNAi is the interference group, The Blank is the blank group (E) The swimming speeds of Euplotes amieti during RNAi (n = 20).
Рис. 1. Некоторые новые ΑΛя КуриΛьских островов виΑы чешуекрыΛых, собранные на острове Кунашир в заповеΑнике «КуриΛьский»: A — Rosama ornata, самка; B — Calyptra hokkaida, самец; C — Catocala agitatrix, самка; D — Catocala deuteronympha, самец; E, F — Archanara neurica, Αве самки; G — A. neurica, генитаΛии самки поΑ обозначением «F»; H — Chasminodes cilia, самец. Места и Αаты сбора: A–G — корΑон «АнΑреевский», 07–08.08.2021, H — корΑон «ΔаниΛовский», 21–22.07.2022 Fig. 1. Some Lepidoptera species new to the Kuril Islands collected on Kunashir Island in the Kurilsky Nature Reserve: A — Rosama ornata, female; B — Calyptra hokkaida, male; C — Catocala agitatrix, female; D — Catocala deuteronympha, male; E, F — Archanara neurica, two females; G — A. neurica, female F genitalia; H — Chasminodes cilia, male. Localities and dates: A–G — Andreevsky ranger station, 07–08.08.2021, H — Danilovsky ranger station, 21–22.07.2022 in An addition to the fauna of Macroheterocera (Lepidoptera) of Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands, Russia)
Рис. 1. Некоторые новые ΑΛя КуриΛьских островов виΑы чешуекрыΛых, собранные на острове Кунашир в заповеΑнике «КуриΛьский»: A — Rosama ornata, самка; B — Calyptra hokkaida, самец; C — Catocala agitatrix, самка; D — Catocala deuteronympha, самец; E, F — Archanara neurica, Αве самки; G — A. neurica, генитаΛии самки поΑ обозначением «F»; H — Chasminodes cilia, самец. Места и Αаты сбора: A–G — корΑон «АнΑреевский», 07–08.08.2021, H — корΑон «ΔаниΛовский», 21–22.07.2022 Fig. 1. Some Lepidoptera species new to the Kuril Islands collected on Kunashir Island in the Kurilsky Nature Reserve: A — Rosama ornata, female; B — Calyptra hokkaida, male; C — Catocala agitatrix, female; D — Catocala deuteronympha, male; E, F — Archanara neurica, two females; G — A. neurica, female F genitalia; H — Chasminodes cilia, male. Localities and dates: A–G — Andreevsky ranger station, 07–08.08.2021, H — Danilovsky ranger station, 21–22.07.2022
РИС. 1. Личинки мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis на стадиЯх: A – стерробластулы (стрелками обоЗначены три рЯда ресничек) и B – трохофоры (стрелкоЙ обоЗначены реснички апикального султанчика). МасШтаб: 15 мкм. FIG. 1. Larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at two different stages: (A) –sterroblastula (arrows indicate three rows of cilia) and (B) – trochophore (the arrow indicates cilia of the parietal plume). Scale: 15 µm. in Морфометрические особенности личинок мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) в онтогенеЗе
РИС. 1. Личинки мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis на стадиЯх: A – стерробластулы (стрелками обоЗначены три рЯда ресничек) и B – трохофоры (стрелкоЙ обоЗначены реснички апикального султанчика). МасШтаб: 15 мкм. FIG. 1. Larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at two different stages: (A) –sterroblastula (arrows indicate three rows of cilia) and (B) – trochophore (the arrow indicates cilia of the parietal plume). Scale: 15 µm.
Confocal microscopy images (CZI files) of human chondrocytes of different resolutions and magnifications with stained nuclei and primary cilia
<p>This dataset is an addition of https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7994589. Here, we have focused on the influence of the magnifications of microscope objectives and image resolution on the results of automated cilia length measurements.</p> <p>1. Methods</p> <p>1.1 Cell culture</p> <p>Human non-degenerative chondrocytes from a 30-year-old male donor (NHAC-kn, CC-2550; LONZA, Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, USA) were used. These chondrocytes were seeded in passage four with a density of 28000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> on collagen-coated glass coverslips (GG-15-Collagen; Neuvitro Corporation, Camas, WA, USA). The cells were cultivated in 12-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) under hypoxic conditions at 37°C, 5% CO<sub>2</sub> and 5% O<sub>2</sub> with different media compositions for three days.<br> The basal medium consisted of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Gibco™) including high glucose (GlutaMAX™), sodium pyruvate supplements (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), as well as 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), 1% Amphotericin B (Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany), and 50 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). To this basal medium, the following supplements were added: ITS with Dexa + IGF-1 + TGF-β1: 1% Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS+™), 100 nM dexamethasone, 50 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and 50 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (Peprotec, Hamburg, Germany).</p> <p>1.2 Immunocytochemistry</p> <p>After three days of cultivation in the different media compositions, the chondrocytes were washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and fixed for 10 min at room temperature (RT) with 4% paraformaldehyde (ROTI ® Histofix, Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany). After fixation, cells were washed again and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X100 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 10 min. For blocking the unspecific binding sites, cell-seeded coverslips were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma-Aldrich) with a concentration of 5% in PBS for one hour at RT after another washing step with PBS. To stain the primary cilium, cells were incubated with anti-acetylated α-tubulin (6-11B-1) (RRID: AB 628409) labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 (sc-23950 AF647, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:200 in PBS at 4°C overnight. Additionally, the Actin cytoskeleton was stained with Acti-stain 488 Fluorescent Phalloidin (Cytoskeleton, Inc., Denver, CO, USA) diluted 10 in PBS for 30 min at RT. Afterward, cells were washed three times with PBS, and the coverslips were fixed with Fluoroshield™ (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).</p> <p>1.3 Image acquisition</p> <p>Three-dimensional fluorescence images of stained cells were acquired with a ZEISS ELYRA LSM 780 confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). To find optimal microscopy parameters for automated detection and length measurement of primary cilia, images were recorded using a Plan-Apochromat 63×/1.40 Oil DIC M27 objective (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) or an α Plan-Apochromat 100 × /1.46 Oil DIC M27 Elyra objective (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) as well as the following resolutions: 1024 × 1024, 2048 × 2048 and 4096 × 4096 pixels resulting in different voxel sizes (see metadata of files).</p>
Confocal microscopy images (CZI files) of human chondrocytes in different cell culture media with stained nuclei and primary cilia
<p>1. Methods</p> <p>1.1 Cell culture</p> <p>For investigating the influence of the cell culture medium composition on the lengths of primary cilia, human non-degenerative chondrocytes from a 30-year-old male donor (NHAC-kn, CC-2550; LONZA, Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, USA) were used. These chondrocytes were seeded in passage four with a density of 28000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> on collagen-coated glass coverslips (GG-15-Collagen; Neuvitro Corporation, Camas, WA, USA). The cells were cultivated in 12-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) under hypoxic conditions at 37°C, 5% CO<sub>2</sub> and 5% O<sub>2</sub> with different media compositions for three days.<br> The basal medium consisted of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Gibco™) including high glucose (GlutaMAX™), sodium pyruvate supplements (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), as well as 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), 1% Amphotericin B (Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany), and 50 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). To this basal medium, different supplements were added, creating four groups:<br> 1) ITS: 1% Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS+™ Premix, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA),<br> 2) ITS with Dexa: 1% Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS+™) and 100 nM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany),<br> 3) ITS with Dexa + IGF-1 + TGF-β1: 1% Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS+™), 100 nM dexamethasone, 50 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and 50 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (Peprotec, Hamburg, Germany),<br> 4) FBS: 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Pan Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany).</p> <p>1.2 Immunocytochemistry</p> <p>After three days of cultivation in the different media compositions, the chondrocytes were washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and fixed for 10 min at room temperature (RT) with 4% paraformaldehyde (ROTI ® Histofix, Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany). After fixation, cells were washed again and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X100 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 10 min. For blocking the unspecific binding sites, cell-seeded coverslips were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma-Aldrich) with a concentration of 5% in PBS for one hour at RT after another washing step with PBS. To stain the primary cilium, cells were incubated with anti-acetylated α-tubulin (6-11B-1) (RRID: AB 628409) labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 (sc-23950 AF647, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:200 in PBS at 4°C overnight. Additionally, the Actin cytoskeleton was stained with Acti-stain 488 Fluorescent Phalloidin (Cytoskeleton, Inc., Denver, CO, USA) diluted 10 in PBS for 30 min at RT. Afterward, cells were washed three times with PBS, and the coverslips were fixed with Fluoroshield™ (Sigma-Aldrich) containing 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).</p> <p>1.3 Image acquisition</p> <p>Three-dimensional fluorescence images of stained cells were acquired with a ZEISS ELYRA LSM 780 confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). Images were recorded using a Plan-Apochromat 63×/1.40 Oil DIC M27 objective (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). The distance of two layers was 0.2814 µm and the resolution 1024 × 1024 pixels (scan magnification: 0.6, pixel length: 0.2196 µm).</p>
Video Dataset of Respiratory Cilia Motion Phenotypes
<p>Respiratory cilia are important components in the lung defense mechanism. The coordinated beating of cilia cleans the airways of pathogens and foreign particles. We present a large-scale validation dataset of cilia motion for characterizing ciliary function. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is provided as benchmark metrics. The video dataset of cilia motion phenotypes contains four categories: temperatures, drugs and ACE2 manipulation. Under each category, mouse trachea samples were treated with different stimuli and imaged with a high-speed video microscope to acquire cilia motion. In addition, we generate ground truth masks labeling ciliary area for image segmentation. This validation dataset can serve as a benchmark for the computer vision community to develop models for analyzing ciliary beat pattern.</p> <p>This video dataset contains 872 videos and their ground-truth masks with the ciliary area labeled. The videos were recorded at 250 frames per second for 1 second. The image size is 800x800. Each pixel is 0.07987 μm. The csv file contains the CBF values of each video.</p>
Data from: Loss of primary cilia and dopaminergic neuroprotection in pathogenic LRRK2driven and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
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Data from: The inner junction complex of the cilia is an interaction hub that involves tubulin post-translational modifications
<p></p><p>Microtubules are cytoskeletal structures involved in stability, transport and organization in the cell. The building blocks, the α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, form protofilaments that associate laterally into the hollow microtubule. Microtubule also exists as highly stable doublet microtubules in the cilia where stability is needed for ciliary beating and function. The doublet microtubule maintains its stability through interactions at its inner and outer junctions where its A- and B-tubules meet. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, bioinformatics and mass spectrometry of the doublets of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetrahymena thermophila, we identified two new inner junction proteins, FAP276 and FAP106, and an inner junction-associated protein, FAP126, thus presenting the complete answer to the inner junction identity and localization. Our structural study of the doublets shows that the inner junction serves as an interaction hub that involves tubulin post-translational modifications. These interactions contribute to the stability of the doublet and hence, normal ciliary motility.</p><p></p>
Figure 1. - Brightfield image showing the fore wing of Pteroceraphronmirabilipennis Dessart 1981. Arrows point to elongate marginal cilia.
Figure 1. - Brightfield image showing the fore wing of Pteroceraphronmirabilipennis Dessart 1981. Arrows point to elongate marginal cilia.
Vesicles clustering around Wdr35-/- cilia lack electron dense decorations although electron-dense clathrin coated vesicles are still observed budding from the mutant plasma membrane (Figure 7- source data 1)
<p>Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a highly conserved mechanism for motor-driven transport of cargo within cilia, but how this cargo is selectively transported to cilia is unclear. WDR35/IFT121 is a component of the IFT-A complex best known for its role in ciliary retrograde transport. In the absence of WDR35, small mutant cilia form but fail to enrich in diverse classes of ciliary membrane proteins. In <i>Wdr35 </i>mouse mutants, the non-core IFT-A components are degraded and core components accumulate at the ciliary base. We reveal deep sequence homology of WDR35 and other IFT-A subunits to α and ß' COPI coatomer subunits, and demonstrate an accumulation of 'coat-less' vesicles which fail to fuse with <i>Wdr35 </i>mutant cilia. We determine that recombinant non-core IFT-As can bind directly to<u> </u>lipids and provide the first <i>in-situ</i> evidence of a novel coat function for WDR35, likely with other IFT-A proteins, in delivering ciliary membrane cargo necessary for cilia elongation.</p>
Source Data files for: Primary cilia and SHH signaling impairments in human and mouse models of Parkinson's disease
<p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder arises from multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, underlying pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using multiplexed single-cell transcriptomics, we analyze human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) from sporadic PD (sPD) patients. Alterations in gene expression appear in pathways related to primary cilia (PC). Accordingly, in these hiPSC-derived hNPCs and neurons, we observe a shortening of PC. Additionally, we detect a shortening of PC in <em>PINK1</em>-deficient human cellular and mouse models of familial PD. Furthermore, in sPD models, the shortening of PC is accompanied by an increased SHH signal transduction. Inhibition of this pathway rescues the alterations in PC morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, increased SHH activity due to ciliary dysfunction is needed for the development of pathoetiological phenotypes observed in sPD, like mitochondrial dysfunction. In sum, altered PC function is part of early PD pathoetiology and inhibiting the overactive SHH signaling is a potential neuroprotective therapy.</p>
2D Array of Pulse Coupled Oscillators Driving Cilia to Demonstrate Metachronal Waves
<p>The video demonstrates metachornal waves from an 2D array of delay locked pulse coupled oscillators, each mapping to a cilia.<br>Within the triangle structure, the oscillators are coupled to their nearest neighbors.</p>
High-speed video microscopy analysis of cilia before and after airway cell culture
<p>High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) is a diagnostic tool used within the UK Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) Service to access airway ciliary function on nasal brushing biopsies. The Southampton PCD group is based at the University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and is led by Professor Jane Lucas. We also use air-liquid interface (ALI) culture to differentiate airway epithelial cells to regrow healthy cilia to repeat standard PCD tests (including HSVA, immunofluoresence labelling of cilia proteins, transmission electron microscopy and functional genomics) and provide PCD research samples, which also allow us to develop new diagnostic approaches. ALI-culture can restore normal ciliary movement when secondary damage (due to infection or poor cell health) temporarily causes of abnormal cilia movement or a lack of cilia. ALI-culture can also re-confirm when ciliary defects and abnormal ciliary function are permanent and cause by inherited PCD (a ciliopathy). </p>
Chlamydomonas cilia proteins
<p>Axonemal dyneins are highly complex molecular motors that power ciliary motility. These multi-subunit enzymes are assembled at dedicated sites within the cytoplasm. At least nineteen cytosolic factors are specifically needed for the generation of dynein holoenzymes and/or their trafficking to the growing cilium. Many proteins are subject to N-terminal processing and acetylation which can generate degrons subject to the AcN-end rule and alter N-terminal electrostatics, generate new binding interfaces, and affect subunit stoichiometry through targeted degradation. Here we have used mass spectrometry of cilia samples and electrophoretically purified dynein heavy chains from <em>Chlamydomonas</em> to define their N-terminal processing; we also detail the N-terminal acetylase complexes present in this organism. We identify four classes of dynein heavy chain based on their processing pathways by two distinct acetylases one of which is dependent on methionine aminopeptidase activity. In addition, we find that one component of both the outer dynein arm intermediate/light chain subcomplex and the docking complex are processed to yield an unmodified Pro residue which may provide a setpoint to direct the cytosolic stoichiometry of other dynein complex subunits that contain N-terminal degrons. Thus, we identify an additional level of processing and complexity in the pathways leading to axonemal dynein formation in cytoplasm. </p>
Data from: The inner junction complex of the cilia is an interaction hub that involves tubulin post-translational modifications
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Vesicles clustering around Wdr35-/- cilia lack electron dense decorations although electron-dense clathrin coated vesicles are still observed budding from the mutant plasma membrane (Figure 7- source data 1)
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Chlamydomonas cilia proteins
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.